Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (한국수산과학회지)

The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science (한국수산과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Evaluation of Organic Matter and Trace Metal Contaminations of Intertidal Sediments from Coastal Islands in the Southern Region of Jeollanam Province

전남 남부 도서갯벌 퇴적물의 유기물 및 미량금속 오염 평가

  • Hwang, Dong-Woon (Marine Environment Research Division, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute) ;
  • Kim, Pyoung-Joong (Southwest Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute)
  • Received : 2013.05.09
  • Accepted : 2013.09.09
  • Published : 2013.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

We measured the grain size, ignition loss (IL), chemical oxygen demand (COD), acid volatile sulfide (AVS) and trace metals (Al, Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Mn, Hg, and As) of intertidal surface sediment collected from 11 islands (62 stations) in the southern region of Jeollanam Province. The objective of this research was to evaluate the organic matter and trace metals contaminations of sediments from coastal island tidal flats. Surface sediment texture was characterized as follows: mud, sandy silt, muddy sand, and slightly gravelly sand facies. The finer sediments are mainly dominated in the northern part of each island. The concentrations of IL, COD, AVS and some trace metals (Al, Fe, Zn, Cr, Cu, and Hg) were higher in the northwestern part of Wan Island and the area between Gogeum and Sinji Islands, and were associated with relatively finer sediment, as compared to other locations. The concentrations of Mn, Pb, Cd, and As were higher in the northwestern and southeastern parts of Geoguem and Pyungil Islands, but were not correlated with mean grain size. Based on sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), the concentrations of trace metals were lower than the values of effect range low (ERL), used in United States, and threshold effects level (TEL), used in Korea, with exception of As. Similarly, the intertidal sediments were moderately contaminated with As, based on the the enrichment factor (EF) and the geoaccumulation index ($I_{geo}$). The high concentration of As in intertidal sediments from this study region may be due to the input of naturally or artificially contaminated submarine groundwater, contaminated waste from seaweed aquaculture operations and/or land-based seaweed processing facilities. Further studies are needed to identify the sources of As in this study region, and to determine the effects of As contamination on coastal ecosystem.

Keywords

References

  1. An JS, Ko KS and Chon CM. 2007. Arsenic occurrence in groundwater of Korea. J Kor Soc Soil Ground Environ 12, 64-72.
  2. Birth G. 2003. A scheme for assessing human impacts on coastal aquatic environments using sediments. In: Proceedings of Coastal GIS 2003. Woodcoffe CD and Fumess RA, eds. Wollongong University Papers in Center for Maritime Policy, Australia, 14.
  3. Buchman MF. 2008. NOAA screening quick reference tables, NOAA OR&R Report 08-1, Office of response and restoration division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle WA, USA, 34.
  4. Chang JH. 2008. Criteria and evaluation of local tidal flats for designation conservation sites in the southwestern coast of Korea. J Environ Sci 17, 1391-1402.
  5. Chen CW, Kao CM, Chen CF and Dong CD. 2007. Distribution and accumulation of heavy metals in the sediments of Kaohsiung Harbor, Taiwan. Chemosphere 66, 1431-1440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.09.030.
  6. Cho YG and Park KY. 1998. Heavy metals in surface sediments of the Youngsan Estuary, west coast of Korea. J Kor Environ Sci Soc 7, 549-557.
  7. Cho YG, Ryu SO, Khu YK and Kim JY. 2001. Geochemical composition of surface sediments from the Saemangeum tidal flat, west coast of Korea. J Kor Soc Oceanogr 6, 27-34.
  8. Choi MS, Chun JH, Woo HJ and Yi HI. 1999. Change of heavy metals and sediment facies in surface sediments of the Shihwa Lake. J Kor Environ Sci Soc 8, 593-600.
  9. Choi SW, Oh KH, Youn ST, Kim HG and Koh YK. 2010. Sedimentary environments and geochemistry characteristics of tidal flat sediments in semi-enclosed Cheonggye Bay, Korea. J Kor Island 22,175-187.
  10. Feng H, Jiang H, Gao W, Weinstein MP, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Yu L, Yuan D and Tao J. 2011. Metal contamination in sediments of the western Bohai Bay and adjacent estuaries, China. J Environ Manage 92, 1185-1197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.11.020.
  11. Folk RL. 1968. Petrology of sedimentary rock, Hemphill Publishing Co., Austin TX, USA, 170.
  12. Gary M, Mcafee R and Wolf CL. 1972. Glossary of geology, Am Geol Inst, Washington DC, USA, 875.
  13. Hong JT, Na BS, Kim JY, Koh YK, Youn ST, Shin SE, Kim HG, Moon BC and Oh KH. 2007. Sedimentary geochemical characteristics and environmental impact of sediments in Tamjin River and Doam Bay. J Environ Impact Assess 16, 393-405.
  14. Hue HK, Kim DH, Ahn SH and Park KW. 2000. Characteristics of the sedimentary environment in Yoja Bay in the summer of 1998. Kor J Environ Biol 18, 227-235.
  15. Hwang DW and Kim SG. 2011. Evaluation of heavy metal contamination in intertidal surface sediments of coastal islands in the western part of Jeollanam Province using geochemical assessment techniques. Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 44, 772-784. http://dx.doi.org/10.5657/KFAS.2011.0772.
  16. Hwang DW, Park SE, Kim PJ, Koh BS and Choi HG. 2011. Assessment of the pollution levels of organic matter and metallic elements in the intertidal surface sediments of Aphae Island. Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 44, 759-771. http://dx.doi.org/10.5657/KFAS.2011.0759.
  17. Hwang DW, Ryu SO, Kim SG, Choi OI, Kim SS and Koh BS. 2010. Geochemical characteristics of intertidal surface sediments along the southwestern coast of Korea. Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 43, 146-158. https://doi.org/10.5657/kfas.2010.43.2.146
  18. Hyun S, Lee T, Choi JS, Choi DL and Woo HJ. 2003. Geochemical characteristics and heavy metal pollutions in the surface sediments of Gwangyang and Yeosu Bay, south coast of Korea. J Kor Soc Oceanogr 8, 380-391.
  19. Hyun S, Lee CH, Lee T and Choi JW. 2007. Anthropogenic contributions to heavy metal distributions in the surface sediments of Masan Bay, Korea. Mar Pollut Bull 54, 1031-1071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.02.013.
  20. Jeon SG and Cho YG. 2002. Some heavy metal concentration of surface sediments from the southwestern coast of Korea. J Environ Sci 11, 1299-1305.
  21. Jeon SB, Kim PJ, Kim SS, Ju JS, Lee YH, Jang DS, Lee JU and Park SY. 2012b. Characteristics of spatial distribution of geochemical components in the surface sediments of the Deukryang Bay. J Kor Soc Environ Anal 15, 203-214.
  22. Jeon YH, Yoon HS, Kim DH and Kim HT. 2012a. Characteristics of incident waves on seaweed farm field around Gumilup Sea, Wando. J Kor Soc Mar Environ Engin 15, 177-185. https://doi.org/10.7846/JKOSMEE.2012.15.3.177
  23. Jung RH, Hwang DW, Kim YG, Koh BS, Song JH and Choi HG. 2010. Temporal variations in the sedimentation rate and benthic environment of intertidal surface sediments around Byeonsan Peninsula, Korea. Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 43, 723-734. https://doi.org/10.5657/kfas.2010.43.6.723
  24. Kim G, Hwang DW, Ryu JW and Lee YW. 2005. Environmental and ecological consequences of submarine groundwater discharge in the coastal areas of the Korea peninsula. J Kor Soc Oceanogr 10, 204-212.
  25. Kim J, Kim JS and Kim G. 2010. Nutrient input from submarine groundwater discharge versus intermittent river-water discharge through an artificial dam in the Yeongsan River estuary, Korea. Ocean Sci J 45, 179-186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12601-010-0016-1.
  26. Kim JG, You SJ and Ahn WS. 2008. Evaluation of characteristics of particle composition and pollution of heavy metals for tidal flat sediments in the Julpo Bay, Korea. J Kor Soc Mar Environ Safety 14, 247-256.
  27. Kim JG, You SJ, Cho EI and Ahn WS. 2003. Distribution characteristics of heavy metals for tidal flat sediments in the Saemankeum area. J Kor Fish Soc 36, 55-61. https://doi.org/10.5657/kfas.2003.36.1.055
  28. Lee MK, Bae W, Chung J, Jung HS and Shim H. 2008. Seasonal and spatial characteristics of seawater and sediment at Youngil Bay, southeast coast of Korea. Mar Pollut Bull 57, 325-334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.04.038.
  29. Lee MO and Park IH. 2006. Physical marine environment at the north of Wando and Gogeumdo receiving the effluents from land. J Environ Sci 15, 45-58.
  30. Lim DI, Choi JY, Jung HS, Choi HW and Kim YO. 2007. Natural background level analysis of heavy metal concentration in Korean coastal sediments. Ocean Polar Res 29, 379-389. https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2007.29.4.379
  31. Loska K, Cebula J, Pelczar J, Wiechula D and Kwapulinski J. 1997. Use of enrichment, and contamination factors together with geoaccumulation indexes to evaluate the content of Cd, Cu, and Ni in the Bybnik water reservoir in Poland. Water Air Soil Pollut 93, 347-365.
  32. Na CK. 2004. Heavy metals in sediments and organisms from tidal flats along the Mokpo coastal area. Econ Environ Geol 37, 335-345.
  33. Noh IH, Yoon YH, Kim DI and Park JS. 2006a. The Spatiotemporal distribution of organic matter on the surface sediment and its origin in Gamak Bay, Korea. J Kor Soc Mar Environ Engin 9, 1-13.
  34. Noh IH, Yoon YH, Park JS, Soh HY and Kim DI. 2006b. Spatiotemporal distributions of organic matter in surface sediment in the central part of the South Sea, Korea. J Kor Soc Mar Environ Engin 9, 203-215.
  35. Norman JA, Pickford CJ, Sanders TW and Waller M. 1987. Human intake of arsenic and iodine from seaweed-based food supplements and health foods available in the UK. Food Add Cont 5, 103-109.
  36. Ock YS. 2010. Pending issues and policy about abalone culture, Policy Res Fish 5, 13-36.
  37. Oh HJ, Kim SH and Moon SY. 2008. The characteristics of phytoplankton community of cold water in the around sea of Wando in summer, 2005. J Environ Sci 17, 949-956.
  38. Park CS, Wi MY and Hwang EK. 2008. The concentrations of heavy metals in the seawater, sediment and seaweed in Mokpo coastal region, southwestern coast of Korea. Korean J Environ Biol 26, 303-310.
  39. Rose M, Lewis J, Langford N, Baxter M, Origgi S, Barber M, Macbain H, Thomas K. 2007. Arsenic in seaweed - Forms, concentration and dietary exposure. Food Chem Toxicol 45, 1263-1267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2007.01.007.
  40. Ryu SO, Chang JH, Lee HJ, Jo YJ and Choi OI. 2009. Spatial and temporal variation of surface sediments by tidal environment changes: Muan Bay, west coast of Korea. J Kor Soc Oceanogr 14, 10-21.
  41. Shin BS and Kim KH. 2007. Estimation of ability for water quality purification using ecological modeling on tidal flat. J Ocean Engin Technol 21, 42-49.
  42. Shin SE, Kang SB, Koh YK, Park BY, Youn ST, Kim JY and Oh KH. 2002. Sedimentary facies and geochemical characteristics of upper intertidal zone, southwestern coast, Korea. J Kor Earth Sci Soc 23, 722-735.
  43. Taylor SR. 1964. Abundance of chemical elements in the continental crust: A new table. Geochem Cosmochim Acta 28, 1273-1285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(64)90129-2
  44. Taylor SR and McLennan SM. 1995. The geochemical evolution of the continental crust. Reviews of Geophys 33, 241-265. https://doi.org/10.1029/95RG00262
  45. Vasconcelos MTSD and Leal MFC. 2001. Seasonal variability in the kinetics of Cu, Pb, Cd and Hg accumulation by macroalgae. Mar Chem 74, 65-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(00)00096-7
  46. Woo HJ, Cho JH, Jeong CS, Kwon SJ and Park SM. 2003. Pollution history of the Masan Bay, southeast Korea, from heavy metals and foraminifera in the subsurface sediments. J Kor Earth Sci Soc 24, 635-649.
  47. Woo HJ and Je JG. 2002. Changes of sedimentary environments in the southern tidal flat of Kanghwa Island. Ocean Polar Res 24, 331-343. https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2002.24.4.331
  48. Woo HJ, Kim HY and Jeong KS. 1999. Response of benthic foraminifera to sedimentary pollution in Masan Bay, Korea. J Kor Soc Oceanogr 4, 144-154.
  49. Yang JY, Lee JS, Han IS, Choi YK and Suh YS. 2012. Seawater temperature variation at aquafarms off Wando in the southwest coast of Korea. J Kor Soc Mar Environ Safe 18, 514-519. http://dx.doi.org/10.7837/kosomes.2012.18.6.514.
  50. Yokoyama H. 2000. Environmental quality criteria for aquaculture farms in Japanese coastal area - a new policy and its potential problems. Bul Natl Res Inst Aquacult 29, 123-134.
  51. Yoon JK, Kim DH, Kim TS, Park JG, Chung IR, Kim JH and Kim H. 2009. Evaluation on natural background of the soil heavy metals in Korea. J Soil & Groundwater Environ 14, 32-39.
  52. Yoon YH. 2000. A study on the distributional characteristic of organic matters on the surface sediments and its origin in Keogeum-sudo, southern part of Korean Peninsula. J Kor Environ Sci Soc 9, 137-144.
  53. Yoon YH. 2003. Spatio-temporal distribution of organic matters in surface sediments and its origin in Deukryang Bay, Korea. J Environ Sci 12, 735-744.
  54. Zhang J and Liu CL. 2002. Riverine composition and estuarine geochemistry of particulate metals in China-weathering features, anthropogenic impact and chemical fluxes. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 54, 1051-1070. https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.2001.0879
  55. Zhang W, Feng H, Chang J, Qu J, Xie H and Yu L. 2009. Heavy metal contamination in surface sediment of Yangtze River intertidal zone: An assessment from different indexes. Environ Pollut 157, 1533-1543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2009.01.007.
  56. Zhu L, Xu J, Wang F and Lee B. 2011. An assessment of selected heavy metal contamination in the surface sediments from the South China Sea before 1998. J Geochem Explor 108, 1-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2010.08.002.