• 대한예방한의학회지
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.91-100
• /
• 1999

Today, toxicology is used for many purpose, in many fields. Classification of special toxic effect is related next 4 important principles. 1. The chemical substance must move to target organ or tissue that can induce Biological effect. For this movement, we have to understand the physical-chemical characteristic of substance, and the rout of absorption, metabolism, diffusion and excretion of toxic substance. 2. Every biological effect that induced by chemical substance is not harmful. For example, some specific chemical substance is not harmful in liver enzyme system. 3. The strength of biological effect induced by chemical substance is deep related with dose. Nearly all substance is not effective below the specific dose, and it may toxic to death over the specific dose. It is the 'Dose - response relationship' But carcinogen may toxic whether it is law dose or not. 4. The information that was obtained by experimental animal test, could have to adapt in human biology. Because biological effect of chemical substance could be different in every biological species. In past, drugs was obtained by animal or plants. But in the future, it could be obtained by biochemistry, and genome project. Therefore, in Oriental medicine, research and approach is needed at this time, and have to develop new method of experience in toxic method.

• 한국가스학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.43-49
• /
• 2005

현재 여러 가지 목적으로 사용되고 있는 독성가스는 누출사고 발생시 확산되는 특성이 있어 피해 범위가 매우 넓고, 인체에 치명적이라는 특징을 가지고 있다. 따라서, 위험성이 높은 독성가스 이용시설은 누출사고에 대비한 사고 대응 시스템을 구축하여 비상상황 발생시 즉각 대응이 가능하도록 하여야 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 FTA기법을 이용한 사고 시나리오 선정 및 빈도 분석과 DNV사의 PHAST(Ver 6.2)를 이용하여 독성가스 누출에 의한 확산 사고영향 분석을 실시하였다. 그리고, 정량적 위험성 평가 결과들을 이용하여 독성가스시설의 비상대응시스템을 구축하였다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.257-268
• /
• 2017

Objectives: This study was conducted to review the Toxic UseReduction Act of Massachusetts, USA, which has been evaluated as a successfulcase of a chemical reduction policy, and to search for ways to introduce it inKorea. Methods: We analyzed the implementation of the TURA by attending TUR Planning Course of the Toxic Use Reduction Institute in Massachusetts and researching the related literature. Results: As TURA took effect, the use of chemicals in Massachusetts was reduced, and cost savings were achieved in workplaces. The success factors for the legislation are considered to be support form the federal and state governments and the active participation of business and civic group. Domestic efforts to reduce toxic substances have already begun, so if the process of TURA is appropriately applied to domestic legislation of chemicals control, it would be expected to produce visible results. Therefore, we reviewed the 'Act on Chemicals Registration and Assessment', 'Act on Chemical Control' and 'Act on the Integrated Control of Pollutant-Discharging Facilities' and sought solution for applying TURA to each piece of legislation. For the first case, 'Toxic or Hazardous Substance List' and 'Establishment of Toxic Use Fee' is applicable. For the second case, 'Annual Toxic or Hazardous Substance Reports' is applicable. For the third case, 'Toxic Reduction Plans' and 'Toxics Use Reduction Institute and 'Toxic Use Reduction Planners' is applicable. Conclusions: The government should take notice appropriateness for the reduction of toxic chemicals and provide financial support. Businesses should invest in technologies that build trust with local communities, improve productivity, and reduce costs. Finally, civic group should cooperate with government and businesses.

• 한국가스학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국가스학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 및 특별심포지움
• /
• pp.199-199
• /
• 2005

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
• /
• 제16권5호
• /
• pp.143-149
• /
• 2016

최근 독극물로 인한 사고가 빈번하게 발생하여 사회적인 문제가 발생하고 있어 독극물관리를 철저히 해야 할 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 2010년 기준으로 국내에는 약 10만 여종의 독극물이 유통되어 사고 시 중증 중독환자 혹은 대량으로 환자를 발생시킬 수 있고 국제적으로도 NBC에 의한 대량 재해의 심각성이 대두되고 있다. 그래서 생산지에서 부터 관리 할 수 있도록 독극물이 들어 있는 유리병에 13.56MHz 대역의 RFID 시스템을 사용하였고, 인식된 태그 데이터는 IEEE 802.15.4 기반의 통신으로 메인 시스템에 데이터를 전송한다. 전송 된 데이터는 스마트 디바이스를 통하여 독극물의 상태를 실시간으로 모니터링 할 수 있는 시스템을 구현하였다. 그러나 독극물을 관리하는 시스템의 고장은 예측 할 수 없는 결과를 발생시킨다. 그래서 고장의 원인이 되는 오류를 하드웨어 여분을 이용한 방법으로 검출하였고 검출된 오류가 전체 시스템에 영향을 주지 않도록 이중화 시스템을 제시하였다.

• 한국위험물학회지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.59-64
• /
• 2015

Semiconductor industry has large number of chemical inventory and is easily exposed to chemical release incidents. Toxic release is one of the most interested area in evaluating consequence to the vicinity of industry facilities handling hazardous materials. Hydrofluoric acid is one of the typical chemical used in semiconductor facility and is selected and toxic release is evaluated to assess the risk impacted to its off-site. Accident scenarios were listed using process safety information. The scenarios having effect to the off-site were selected and assessed further according to guideline provided by Korea government. Worst case and alternative scenarios including other interested scenarios were evaluated using ALOHA. Each evaluated scenario was assessed further considering countermeasures. The results showed that the facility handling hydroflooric acid is safe enough and needed no further protections at the moment.

• 센서학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.143-146
• /
• 2008

Polymer-coated film SAW sensors have been fabricated and their sensing properties for toxic chemicals have been extensively investigated. Four types of the toxic chemical compounds of hydrogen cyanide(AC), carbonyl dichloride(CG), pinacolyl methylfluorophosphonate(GD), 2,2'-dichlorodiethylthio ether(HD) were used as target gases. SAW sensors using five different kinds of polymers were used to detect toxic chemicals and their gas sensing characteristics were investigated. The polymers used as the sensing materials were polyisobutylene(PIB), polyepichlorohydrin(PECH), polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS), polybutadiene(PBD) and polyisoprene(PIP). The recommendable mixing ratio of PIB, PECH, PDMS, PBD and PIP to solvents were 1:30, 1:40, 1:10, 1:30 and 1:30, respectively. The sensing characteristics of the SAW sensors were measured by using E-5061A network analyzer.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.144-155
• /
• 1998

This research aims to perceive the present state of science experimental education practiced in middle school and also to improve the laboratorial environment. Accordingly, this study surveyed 297 middle school science teachers in Seoul to examine the risks and accidents occurred during lab sessions, the conditions of chemical waste disposal, and whether or not teacher's manual clearly states cautions on toxic chemicals. About 70%(69.6%) of science teachers were highly concerned about risks and toxicity of chemicals used in classes, 59.9% experienced actual accidents, and 83.2% were anxiety of incidents caused by chemicals. Besides, 55.2% of science teachers answered that they have little knowledge about caring noxious chemicals used in lab sessions. So it turns out that they need more specific education on handling toxic chemicals. More than one third(36.7%) answered that they disposed of chemical waste water without any special care or kept it in the lab after experiments. The number of chemicals as well used in middle school curriculum is increasing as grades gets higher toxic chemicals. However, there are few teachers' manual covering how to handle noxious chemicals. Therefore, in middle school curriculum the number of poisonous chemicals should be minimized as much as possible, and in case the toxic chemicals have to be used, teacher's guide book should state precautions on handling chemicals in detail. Also government should make it obligatory on schools to instate ventilator for chemical waste, or to transport the waste to proper disposal systems.

• 한국위험물학회지
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.12-17
• /
• 2014

With a rapid growth of domestic industry in korea, now about 25,000 kinds of chemicals are being distributed, and it has been known that just about 15% of them has toxic substances. Recently, South Koreans have an anxiety about the stability and accidents of chemicals because chemical accidents like Gumi hydrofluoric acid accident have occurred. The U.S. has adopted the systems like EPCRA (Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act), TRI (Toxic Release Inventory) and TSCA (Toxic Substances Control Act), and is also managing the hazardous chemicals by providing the information about them to its people and site workers. Japan's Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare also has adopted J-CHECK system and is implementing it to let Japanese people know the information of safety of chemicals about REACH. However, the Korean government has a difficult situation to mediate the different idea with the Korean industry to make lower statute of Pre-legislation registration & evaluation of chemicals that will be implemented and Chemical Material Control Association that is being implemented. Especially city and country areas located in the industrial areas need political improvement focusing on vulnerable area through the check about current situation of hazardous chemicals of jurisdiction and management method, but the information about the management situation of small scale work places is insufficient. Therefore this study set up the urgent management area in Ansan Smart Hub through NFPA code according to the types of accident and dander characteristics of each chemical being used in the companies that have less than 50 workers and deal with chemicals located in Ansan Smart Hub in Gyeonggi-do.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제35권6호
• /
• pp.15-24
• /
• 2020

With the development of the chemical industry, the chemical accident is increasing every year, thereby increasing the risk of accidents caused by chemicals. The Ministry of Environment provides the criteria for determining shelter-in-place or outdoor evacuation by material, duration of accident, and distance from the toxic substance leak. However, it is hard to say that the criteria for determining the transition point are not clear. Transition point mean the time that evacuation method is switched from shelter-in-place to outdoor evacuation. So, the purpose of this study was to calculate appropriate transition point by comparing the cumulative toxic load. Namdong-gu in Incheon Metropolitan City was finally selected as the target area, considering the current status of the population of Incheon Metropolitan City in 2016 and the statistical survey of chemicals in 2016. The target materials were HCl, HF, and NH₃. Modeling was simulated by ALOHA and performed assuming that the entire amount would be leaked for 10 min. Residents' evacuation scenarios were assumed to be shelter-in-place, immediate outdoor evacuation, and outdoor evacuation at an appropriate time after shelter-in-place. Based on the above method, the appropriate transition point from residents located in A(800 m away), B(1,200 m away), C(1,400 m away) and D(2,200 m away) was identified. In HCl, appropriate transition point was after 15 min, after 16 min, after 17 min, after 20 min in order by A, B, C and D. In HF, appropriate transition point was before 1 min or after 16 min, before 4 min or after 19 min, before 5 min or after 20 min, before 14 min or after 26 min in order by A, B, C and D. In NH₃, appropriate transition point at A was before 4 min or after 16. Others are not in chemical cloud. This study confirmed the transition point to minimize the cumulative toxic load can be obtained by quantitative method. Through this, it might be possible to select evacuation method quantitatively that cumulative toxic load are minimal. In addition, if the shelter-in-place is maintained without transition to outdoor evacuation, the cumulative toxic load will increase more than outdoor evacuation. Therefore, it was confirmed that actions to reduce the concentration of chemicals in the room were necessary, such as conducting ventilation after the chemical cloud passed through the site.