• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.91-100
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• 1999

Today, toxicology is used for many purpose, in many fields. Classification of special toxic effect is related next 4 important principles. 1. The chemical substance must move to target organ or tissue that can induce Biological effect. For this movement, we have to understand the physical-chemical characteristic of substance, and the rout of absorption, metabolism, diffusion and excretion of toxic substance. 2. Every biological effect that induced by chemical substance is not harmful. For example, some specific chemical substance is not harmful in liver enzyme system. 3. The strength of biological effect induced by chemical substance is deep related with dose. Nearly all substance is not effective below the specific dose, and it may toxic to death over the specific dose. It is the 'Dose - response relationship' But carcinogen may toxic whether it is law dose or not. 4. The information that was obtained by experimental animal test, could have to adapt in human biology. Because biological effect of chemical substance could be different in every biological species. In past, drugs was obtained by animal or plants. But in the future, it could be obtained by biochemistry, and genome project. Therefore, in Oriental medicine, research and approach is needed at this time, and have to develop new method of experience in toxic method.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.9 no.2 s.27
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• pp.43-49
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• 2005

Today toxic gas has various uses. If there is a release accident, the gas rapidly disperse into the atmosphere. The extent of damage due to toxic gas accident is very wide and fatal to human being. So, it is necessary for toxic gas facilities which have high risk to construct an emergency response system that prepare to toxic release and make immediate response to be possible at accident appearance. In this study accident scenario were selected and frequency analysis was executed using FTA technique. Dispersion effect of toxic gas release was analyzed using DNV company's PHAST(Ver. 6.2). Finally, an emergency response system was developed using results of quantitative risk analysis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.257-268
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was conducted to review the Toxic UseReduction Act of Massachusetts, USA, which has been evaluated as a successfulcase of a chemical reduction policy, and to search for ways to introduce it inKorea. Methods: We analyzed the implementation of the TURA by attending TUR Planning Course of the Toxic Use Reduction Institute in Massachusetts and researching the related literature. Results: As TURA took effect, the use of chemicals in Massachusetts was reduced, and cost savings were achieved in workplaces. The success factors for the legislation are considered to be support form the federal and state governments and the active participation of business and civic group. Domestic efforts to reduce toxic substances have already begun, so if the process of TURA is appropriately applied to domestic legislation of chemicals control, it would be expected to produce visible results. Therefore, we reviewed the 'Act on Chemicals Registration and Assessment', 'Act on Chemical Control' and 'Act on the Integrated Control of Pollutant-Discharging Facilities' and sought solution for applying TURA to each piece of legislation. For the first case, 'Toxic or Hazardous Substance List' and 'Establishment of Toxic Use Fee' is applicable. For the second case, 'Annual Toxic or Hazardous Substance Reports' is applicable. For the third case, 'Toxic Reduction Plans' and 'Toxics Use Reduction Institute and 'Toxic Use Reduction Planners' is applicable. Conclusions: The government should take notice appropriateness for the reduction of toxic chemicals and provide financial support. Businesses should invest in technologies that build trust with local communities, improve productivity, and reduce costs. Finally, civic group should cooperate with government and businesses.

• 한국가스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.199-199
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• 2005

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.143-149
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• 2016

Recent accidents caused by toxic chemicals and the social problems caused by frequent. As of 2010, there are more than 100,000 types of deadly toxic chemicals being distributed throughout Korea, and severely intoxicated patients along with an enormous number of patients can be induced at the time of an accident involving deadly toxic chemicals. Internationally, the seriousness of large-scale disasters due to a NBC disaster (nuclear, biologic and chemical disaster) is being highlighted as well. So, we obtain the information of the RFID tag attached to a glass bottle with containing the toxic chemical to transfer the data to the smart device has been studied a system that can monitor the status of the toxic chemical in real time. The proposed system is the information was sent to the main system using a zigbee communication by recognizing the tag vial containing the toxic chemical with the 13.56MHz bandwidths good permeability. User may check the information in real time by utilizing the smart device. However, the error of the system for managing the toxic chemical generates a result that can not be predicted. Failure of the system was detecting the error by using a comparator as this can cause an error. And the detected error proposed a duplex system so that they do not affect the overall system.

• Korean Journal of Hazardous Materials
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2015

Semiconductor industry has large number of chemical inventory and is easily exposed to chemical release incidents. Toxic release is one of the most interested area in evaluating consequence to the vicinity of industry facilities handling hazardous materials. Hydrofluoric acid is one of the typical chemical used in semiconductor facility and is selected and toxic release is evaluated to assess the risk impacted to its off-site. Accident scenarios were listed using process safety information. The scenarios having effect to the off-site were selected and assessed further according to guideline provided by Korea government. Worst case and alternative scenarios including other interested scenarios were evaluated using ALOHA. Each evaluated scenario was assessed further considering countermeasures. The results showed that the facility handling hydroflooric acid is safe enough and needed no further protections at the moment.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.143-146
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• 2008

Polymer-coated film SAW sensors have been fabricated and their sensing properties for toxic chemicals have been extensively investigated. Four types of the toxic chemical compounds of hydrogen cyanide(AC), carbonyl dichloride(CG), pinacolyl methylfluorophosphonate(GD), 2,2'-dichlorodiethylthio ether(HD) were used as target gases. SAW sensors using five different kinds of polymers were used to detect toxic chemicals and their gas sensing characteristics were investigated. The polymers used as the sensing materials were polyisobutylene(PIB), polyepichlorohydrin(PECH), polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS), polybutadiene(PBD) and polyisoprene(PIP). The recommendable mixing ratio of PIB, PECH, PDMS, PBD and PIP to solvents were 1:30, 1:40, 1:10, 1:30 and 1:30, respectively. The sensing characteristics of the SAW sensors were measured by using E-5061A network analyzer.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.144-155
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• 1998

This research aims to perceive the present state of science experimental education practiced in middle school and also to improve the laboratorial environment. Accordingly, this study surveyed 297 middle school science teachers in Seoul to examine the risks and accidents occurred during lab sessions, the conditions of chemical waste disposal, and whether or not teacher's manual clearly states cautions on toxic chemicals. About 70%(69.6%) of science teachers were highly concerned about risks and toxicity of chemicals used in classes, 59.9% experienced actual accidents, and 83.2% were anxiety of incidents caused by chemicals. Besides, 55.2% of science teachers answered that they have little knowledge about caring noxious chemicals used in lab sessions. So it turns out that they need more specific education on handling toxic chemicals. More than one third(36.7%) answered that they disposed of chemical waste water without any special care or kept it in the lab after experiments. The number of chemicals as well used in middle school curriculum is increasing as grades gets higher toxic chemicals. However, there are few teachers' manual covering how to handle noxious chemicals. Therefore, in middle school curriculum the number of poisonous chemicals should be minimized as much as possible, and in case the toxic chemicals have to be used, teacher's guide book should state precautions on handling chemicals in detail. Also government should make it obligatory on schools to instate ventilator for chemical waste, or to transport the waste to proper disposal systems.

• Korean Journal of Hazardous Materials
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.12-17
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• 2014

With a rapid growth of domestic industry in korea, now about 25,000 kinds of chemicals are being distributed, and it has been known that just about 15% of them has toxic substances. Recently, South Koreans have an anxiety about the stability and accidents of chemicals because chemical accidents like Gumi hydrofluoric acid accident have occurred. The U.S. has adopted the systems like EPCRA (Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act), TRI (Toxic Release Inventory) and TSCA (Toxic Substances Control Act), and is also managing the hazardous chemicals by providing the information about them to its people and site workers. Japan's Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare also has adopted J-CHECK system and is implementing it to let Japanese people know the information of safety of chemicals about REACH. However, the Korean government has a difficult situation to mediate the different idea with the Korean industry to make lower statute of Pre-legislation registration & evaluation of chemicals that will be implemented and Chemical Material Control Association that is being implemented. Especially city and country areas located in the industrial areas need political improvement focusing on vulnerable area through the check about current situation of hazardous chemicals of jurisdiction and management method, but the information about the management situation of small scale work places is insufficient. Therefore this study set up the urgent management area in Ansan Smart Hub through NFPA code according to the types of accident and dander characteristics of each chemical being used in the companies that have less than 50 workers and deal with chemicals located in Ansan Smart Hub in Gyeonggi-do.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.15-24
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• 2020

With the development of the chemical industry, the chemical accident is increasing every year, thereby increasing the risk of accidents caused by chemicals. The Ministry of Environment provides the criteria for determining shelter-in-place or outdoor evacuation by material, duration of accident, and distance from the toxic substance leak. However, it is hard to say that the criteria for determining the transition point are not clear. Transition point mean the time that evacuation method is switched from shelter-in-place to outdoor evacuation. So, the purpose of this study was to calculate appropriate transition point by comparing the cumulative toxic load. Namdong-gu in Incheon Metropolitan City was finally selected as the target area, considering the current status of the population of Incheon Metropolitan City in 2016 and the statistical survey of chemicals in 2016. The target materials were HCl, HF, and NH₃. Modeling was simulated by ALOHA and performed assuming that the entire amount would be leaked for 10 min. Residents' evacuation scenarios were assumed to be shelter-in-place, immediate outdoor evacuation, and outdoor evacuation at an appropriate time after shelter-in-place. Based on the above method, the appropriate transition point from residents located in A(800 m away), B(1,200 m away), C(1,400 m away) and D(2,200 m away) was identified. In HCl, appropriate transition point was after 15 min, after 16 min, after 17 min, after 20 min in order by A, B, C and D. In HF, appropriate transition point was before 1 min or after 16 min, before 4 min or after 19 min, before 5 min or after 20 min, before 14 min or after 26 min in order by A, B, C and D. In NH₃, appropriate transition point at A was before 4 min or after 16. Others are not in chemical cloud. This study confirmed the transition point to minimize the cumulative toxic load can be obtained by quantitative method. Through this, it might be possible to select evacuation method quantitatively that cumulative toxic load are minimal. In addition, if the shelter-in-place is maintained without transition to outdoor evacuation, the cumulative toxic load will increase more than outdoor evacuation. Therefore, it was confirmed that actions to reduce the concentration of chemicals in the room were necessary, such as conducting ventilation after the chemical cloud passed through the site.