• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.22-31
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• 2020

There has been a growing concern and subsequent interest surrounding numerous reproductive toxic agents found in various working and non-working environments. Meanwhile, there have been many efforts in medical fields such as toxicology and epidemiology applying experimental studies to elucidate reproductive toxic agents' characterization and health effects. However, there remains insufficient research data and inadequate evidence in humans. Adverse reproductive outcomes vary from transient, moderate health effects to severely detrimental consequences, such as permanent infertility or childhood cancer of one's offspring. Furthermore, upon exposure to toxic agents, the latent period before reproductive health effects are observed is relatively short compared to other occupational diseases (e.g., occupational cancer); instant action is required once exposure to reproductive toxic agents is detected. Therefore, it is very important for workers and healthcare professionals to know about the reproductive toxic agents they are likely to be exposed to. In this review, we discuss the general epidemiology of reproductive health in Korea, and the information regarding these reproductive toxic agents.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.40-42
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• 2003

Korean people use a lot of herbal agents for medical purposes, such as curing diseases, improving health state, but some of the herbal agents have toxic side effects. In terms of toxicology, herbal agents classified into 3 categories generally nontoxic, potentially toxic and toxic. But, there are few studies about the mechanisms and clinical features of intoxication of herbal agents. So detoxification or initial treatment of these agents is very difficult to clinicians in hospital. Authors experienced an uncommon case of intoxication after Arisaematis Rhizoma Ingestion. We report this case with review of Arisaematis Rhizoma.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.96-107
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• 2003

Objective : This study was undertaken to determine if Pyunggangaeuljihyul-tang (Pinggankaiyuzhixue-tang, PG) has a protective effect against cell injury induced by various toxic agents in rabbit liver, Methods : Cell injury in vitro was estimated by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and that in vivo was estimated by measuring alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity in serum. Lipid peroxidation was examined by measuring malondialdehyde, a product of lipid per oxidation. Results : PG prevented the LDH release by $CCl_4$, mercury, menadione, and tert-butyl hydroperoxide treatment in vitro in liver slices. The extent of protection by 2% PG was similar to that of $10{\mu\textrm{M}}$ N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenedianline, a potent antioxidant, in tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced LDH release. PG also prevented lipid peroxidation and depletion of cellular ATP induced by Hg. Hg causes motphological changes including cell necrosis and its effect was significantly prevented by PG. When rats were treated intraperitoneatly with 0.5 ml/kg of $CCl_4$, serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities were increased compared with the control, which was significantly inhibited by pretreatment of PG. PG also prevented reduction in GSH and lipid peroxidation induced by $CCl_4$ Conclusion : These results suggest that PG exerts aprotective effect against various toxic agents by its antioxidant action in liver tissues. Thus, PG may be used in prevention and treatment of drug-induced liver cell injury. However, the precise mechanisms of PG protection remain to be determined.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.33.1-33.5
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• 2023

Many scolicidal agents have been used to destroy fertile protoscolices, but these scolicidal agents have side effects, highlighting the need for research on effective and non-toxic replacement scolicidal agents. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are biocompatible and non-toxic. The current study examined the effects of AuNPs in killing the protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus in vitro using eosin staining. The protoscolices were treated with 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, or 1.0 mg/mL of AuNPs for 15, 30, 45, or 60 minutes. A concentration of 1.0 mg/mL was the most efficient in killing the protoscolices after 60 minutes exposure, reaching 96%, followed by 0.8 mg/mL (84.5%), whereas 0.4 and 0.2 mg/mL of AuNPs achieved a death rate of 76.8% and 68.5%, respectively. The loss of the protoscolices was lower at shorter exposure times with the same concentration of AuNPs and increased as the AuNP concentration was increased at the same exposure time. Significant differences were found between the different groups compared to the control group.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.612-620
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• 2015

Short-range detection of chemical agents deposited on ground surface using a standoff Raman system employing a pulsed laser at 248 nm is described. Mounted in a vehicle such as an NBC reconnaissance vehicle, the system is protected against toxic chemicals. As most chemicals including chemical warfare agents have unique Raman spectra, the spectra can be used for detecting toxic chemicals contaminated on the ground. This article describes the design of the Raman spectroscopic system and its performance on several chemicals contaminated on asphalt, concrete, sand, etc.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 2019

In order to understand the effects of the main components of antifoaming agents on the marine benthic ecosystem when silicone-based antifoaming agents are discharged into marine environments, eco-toxicity testing was performed on silicone and alcohol-based antifoaming agent by using benthic amphipod (Monocorophium acherusicum) and luminescent bacteria (Vibrio fischeri). The toxic effects of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a main component of silicone-based antifoaming agents on aquatic organisms were also researched. In the results of the eco-toxicity test, luminescent bacteria showed a maximum of 9 times more toxic effects than benthic amphipod for alcohol-based antifoaming agents, and silicone-based antifoaming agents showed a maximum of 400 times more toxic effects than alcohol-based. The $LC_{50}$ and $EC_{50}$ values of PDMS ranged from 10 to $44,500{\mu}g/L$ in phytoplankton, invertebrate, and fish. In the results of applying PBT (P: persistency, B: bioaccumulation, T: toxicity) characteristics as an index showing the qualitative characteristics of PDMS, persistency (P) and bioaccumulation (B) were confirmed. Thus, when PDMS is discharged to marine environments, it could accumulate in the upper trophic level through bioaccumulation and the food chain, which could have negative effects on benthic organisms. The results of this study may be used for objective and scientific risk assessment, considering the major components of antifoaming agents when investigating the effects of various discharged antifoaming agents in marine ecosystem.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.304-313
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• 1992

The agricultural industry is beset by continuing demands to decrease the use of pest control agents which employ toxic modes of action. Although there are real problems of pesticide resistance, and sometimes overuse or redistribution in the environment, much criticism results from a lack of appreciation of how small is the risk involved. Whatever the background reasons, research and development for pesticide alternatives, particularly within Integrated Pest Management systems, is clearly of high priority. Currently available approaches, including use of natural products and molecular biology, are often regarded with naive optimism and require critical appraisal. For the future, methods of pest control based on chemicals with non-toxic modes of action (e.g. pheromones) continue to offer promise but, for widespread use, will require their integration with biological agents and development by means of plant molecular biology.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.193-197
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• 1995

Antibody-toxin conjugates, termed immunotoxins, are currently being evaluated as potential new anticancer agents and one of the most extensively studied toxins for construction of immunotoxin is ricin which exists in the seeds of castor bean, Ricinus communis. Another toxic lectin from castor bean is RCA (Ricinus communis agglutinin). Both toxins are very homologous. We reported the puriffcation procedure and biological properties of ricin from the Korean castor bean in another place and here we report those of RCA. The purified RCA shows three bands on denatured SDS PAGE while ricin shows two bands. On cultured $K_{562}$ cells ricin and RCA both inhibit the multiplication of cells extensively. $30{\mu}g/ml$ of ricin shows 73% of inhibition rate at day 4 compared to 68% in same condition of RCA. The inhibition of multiplication of cells are directly proportional to the concentration of toxins and the incubation period. In every case ricin was more toxic than RCA. The $LD_{50}$ dose of ricin on ICR mice was 60 ng at day 3 but that of RCA was $10{\mu}g$.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.105-115
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• 1995

The balance of microbial populations in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of all warm-blooded animals is critical to the maintenance of health and resistance to disease. The composition of the populations can be altered by diet and environment, making the host animal susceptible to disease, and reducing growth rate and feed efficiency. Some feed additives including antimicrobial agents, prohiotics or yucca extract have been used to promote growth and feed utilization. There is evidence that part of growth-promoting effect of those feed additives results from the suppression of microbial urease activity or ammonia production in the GI contents of animals. Over 200 microbial species have been known to produce urease and the product of urea hydrolysis, ammonia, is toxic to animals. Carefully tested probiotics or other urease-suppressing agents can be a possible alternative to antimicrobial agents including antibiotics as growth promotants used for animals feeds.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.197-202
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• 2009

The high toxicity of wax, oil, varnish and volatile corrosion inhibitor(VCI) corrosion inhibitors lead to an increasing interest in using non-toxic alternatives such as anti-corrosive film. This study aims to investigate the possibility to use acryl based anti-corrosive film as a substitution of toxic corrosion inhibitors. Acryl emulsions were polymerized by several acryl monomers(acrylonitrile(AN), n-butyl acrylate(nBA), methylmethacrylate(MMA) and glycycyl methacrylate(GMA)), non-toxic corrosion inhibitor, crosslinking agents(diethylene glycol dimethacrylate(DEGDA)) and various additives in order to apply substrate of anti-corrosive film. Acryl emulsion for anti-corrosive film(AeACF) as a substrate of corrosion inhibitor film has excellent removal characteristic at above $25^{\circ}C$. The crosslinked by DEGDA in a range of above 4 wt% content anti-corrosive film can easily remove from the metal surface by using hands because it kept a balance of cohesion and adhesion strength. Anti - corrosive performance of AeACF is better than anti-corrosive oil by corrosion rate test, which was measured $54.3mg/dm^2$ day(MDD) and $142.9mg/dm^2$ day, respectively. Anti-corrosive film consisting of acryl monomers and inorganic anti-corrosive ingredients did not emit any toxic pollutants by gas chromatography. Thus it is estimated that acryl based anti-corrosion film can substitute toxic corrosion inhibitors.