• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.1229-1235
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• 2010

With the increase of human activities since the Industrial Revolution, atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentration has increased, which is believed the cause of climate change. Methane ($CH_4$) fluxes were measured at two commercial swine barns (Jarvis and Guelph) with a four tower micrometeorological mass balance method. Two and three separate measurements were conducted at Jarvis and at Guelph, respectively. In the Jarvis experiments from May to July, mean $CH_4$ flux ($490.4{\mu}g/m^2/s$) during daytime was lower than that during nighttime ($678.0{\mu}g/m^2/s$) (p<0.05), which would be caused by break of slurry temperature stratification. In the Guelph experiment from January to April, mean $CH_4$ flux ($62.9{\mu}g/m^2/s$) during daytime was higher than that during nighttime ($39.0{\mu}g/m^2/s$) (p<0.05), which would be generated by high slurry temperature at 3 cm depth after April 6. Slurry temperature stratification in the Guelph experiment would happen from January to March.

• 전자공학회논문지A
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• 제33A권5호
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• pp.102-107
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• 1996

Use of a rapid thermal annealing (RTA) technique is shown to improve the properties of metal-ferroelectric BaMgF$_{4}$-silicon structures. The fluoride film was deposited in an ultra-high vacuum system at asubstrate temperature of 300$^{\circ}C$. A post-deposition annelaing was conducted for 10 seconds at 600.deg. C in a vacuum of 0.1 Torr, using a home-made RTA apparatus. The results showed that the resistivity of the ferroelectric BaMgF$_{4}$ film from a typical value of 1-2${\times}10^{11}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ before the annealing to about 5${\times}10^{13}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ and reduce the interface state density of the BaMgF$_{4}$/Si interface to about 8${\times}10^{10}cm^{2}{\cdot}$eV. Ferroelectric hysteresis measurements using a sawyer-tower circuit yielded remanent polarization and coercive field values of about 0.5$\mu$C/cm$^{2}$ and 80 kV/cm, respectively. the typical remanent polarization of the BaMgF$_{4}$ films ont he (100) and (111) oreientated silicon wafers were 0.5 - 0.6 $\mu$C/cm$^{2}$ and that of th efilms on the (110) wafers was 1.2$^{\circ}C$/cm$^{2}$.

• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가시화정보학회 2007년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.119-122
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• 2007

The sloshing flows in the cargo tank model of a ship are measured by PIV and are analyzed with the results. The measurement system is consisted of a Nd-Yag laser(120mJ, 15Hz). two cameras($1k\;{\times}\;1k$) and a host computer. Four experimental cases were tested for the tank model. in which swaying motions are made by 6 DOF-motion platform. The amplitudes of swaying are 9.76mm and 29.29mm, and the frequencies are 0.633Hz and 0.828Hz. The measurement regions are the vertical plane 50mm away from the front wall of the tank where a pump tower is installed. It was verified that the flow patterns of the sloshing are similar each other when the swaying amplitudes are similar.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.553-574
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• 2009

This paper presents statistical analysis results of wind speed and atmospheric turbulence data measured from more than 30 anemometers installed at 15 different height levels on 325 m high Beijing Meteorological Tower and is primarily intended to provide useful information on boundary layer wind characteristics for wind-resistant design of tall buildings and high-rise structures. Profiles of mean wind speed are presented based on the field measurements and are compared with empirical models' predictions. Relevant parameters of atmospheric boundary layer at urban terrain are determined from the measured wind speed profiles. Furthermore, wind velocity data in longitudinal, lateral and vertical directions, which were recorded from an ultrasonic anemometer during windstorms, are analyzed and discussed. Atmospheric turbulence information such as turbulence intensity, gust factor, turbulence integral length scale and power spectral densities of the three-dimensional fluctuating wind velocity are presented and used to evaluate the adequacy of existing theoretical and empirical models. The objective of this study is to investigate the profiles of mean wind speed and atmospheric turbulence characteristics over a typical urban area.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.106-110
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• 1998

The $LiNbO_3$ thin films were prepared directly on Si(100) substrates by conventional RF magnetron spurttering system for nonvolatile memory applications. RTA(Rapid Thermal Annealing) treatment was performed for as-deposited films in an oxygen atmosphere at 600 $^{\circ}C$ for 60 s. The rapid thermal annealed films were changed to poly-crystalline ferroelectric nature from amorphous of as-deposition. The resistivity of the ferroelectric $LiNbO_3$ film was increased from a typical value of $1{\sim}2{\times}10^8{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ before the annealing to about $1{\times}10^{13}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ at 500 kV/cm and reduced the interface state density of the $LiNbO_3/Si$ (100) interface to about $1{\times}10^{11}/cm^2{\cdot}eV$. Ferroelectric hysteresis measurements using a Sawyer-Tower circuit yielded remanent polarization ($P_r$) and coercive field ($E_c$) values of about 1.2 ${\mu}C/cm^2$ and 120 kV/cm, respectively.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.143-153
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• 2003

This study was conducted in order to provide basic study material for children's garment design. The subjects of this study are fifth and sixth grade elementary school girls, who demonstrate rapid growth and the differences among individual somatic types are apparent. Their bodies are studied, categorized into patterns and the characteristics are examined. 1 The increase of height and length measurements according to age increase are much larger than that of breadth, depth and girth menasurments. 2. Eight factors are drawn upon factor analysis and the rate of factors comprisedare 78.68%. 3. The shapes of lower body of higher grades girls in elementary school are classified into three categories. The first type is slender in lower body and the second type is more contoured around waist area with longer length and higher height than the average elementary school girls. The third type is heavy in the lower body. 4. Eighteen items important for somatic categorization are selected through stepwise discriminant analysis and the exactitude rate of these items is 93.3%.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.451-469
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• 2010

The majority of weather-related failures of transmission line structures that have occurred in the past have been attributed to high intensity localized wind events, in the form of tornadoes and downbursts. A numerical scheme is developed in the current study to assess the performance of transmission lines under tornado wind load events. The tornado wind field is based on a model scale Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) analysis that was conducted and validated in a previous study. Using field measurements and code specifications, the CFD model data is used to estimate the wind fields for F4 and F2 full scale tornadoes. The wind forces associated with these tornado fields are evaluated and later incorporated into a nonlinear finite element three-dimensional model for the transmission line system, which includes a simulation for the towers and the conductors. A comparison is carried between the forces in the members resulting from the tornadoes, and those obtained using the conventional design wind loads. The study reveals the importance of considering tornadoes when designing transmission line structures.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.1167-1174
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• 2001

안테나 PIM(Passive Intermodulation) 수준 측정은 안테나가 갖는 송.수신 특성 때문에 신뢰성을 보장받지 못하고 있으며, 전자파무반사실과 같은 측정환경에서 만들어지는 외부 PIM 근원에 의해 상당한 영향을 받는다. 본 논문에서는 안테나 PIM 측정에 이용되는 Reflect 방법에 대한 안테나 PIM 모델을 수립하였다. 모델의 이론적 해석(시뮬레이션)과 실험적 측정결과에서 동시에 관찰되는 PIM 수준의 Null Point 현상을 통해 전자파무반사실의 흡수체에서 발생하는 PIM 근원의 수준과 안테나로 인가되는 PIM 신호의 경로차가 안테나의 PIM 측정 결과에 상당한 영향을 미치고 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1997년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.21-24
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• 1997

Ferroeletric LiNbO$_3$ thin films hale been prepared directly on Si(100) substrates by conventional RF magnetron spurttering system for nonvolatile memory applications. As-deposited films were performed RTA(Rapid Thermal Annealing) treatment in an oxygen atmosphere at 600 $^{\circ}C$ for 60 s. The rapid thermal annealed films were changed to poly-crystalline ferroelectric nature from amorphous of as-deposition. The resistivity of the ferroelectric LiNbO$_3$ film was increased from a typical vague of 1~2$\times$10$^{8}$ $\Omega$.cm before the annealing to about 1$\times$10$^{13}$ $\Omega$.cm at 500 kV/cm and reduce the interface state density of the LiNbO$_3$/Si(100) interface to about 1$\times$10$^{11}$ cm$^2$ . eV. Ferroelectric hysteresis measurements using a Sawyer-Tower circuit yielded remanent polarization (Pr) and coercive field (Ec) values of about 1.2 $\mu$C/cm$^2$ and 120 kV/cm, respectively.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제30권5B호
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• pp.437-444
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• 2010

토양수분은 물 에너지 순환에서 지표면과 대기 사이의 복잡한 관계를 이해하기 위한 중요한 수문인자 중 하나이다. 일반적으로, 토양수분은 온도, 바람, 토성에 의한 증발과 식생에 의한 증산에 의하여 결정이 되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 하지만, 각 인자와 토양수분과의 관계에 대한 심도 있는 연구는 아직 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 Flux tower(설마천 타워)에서 생성되는 측정인자인 대기온도, 비습, 풍속을 고려하여 토양수분 예측치를 산정하였으며 이를 실측치와 비교하고 상관분석을 실시하였다. 토양수분은 특히 겨울에는 지중온도와 매우 강한 양의 상관계수를 가졌으나 이외의 항인 대기온도, 비습, 풍속과는 상관성이 낮게 산정되었다. 봄부터 가을까지의 자료에서는 지중온도가 토양수분과 매우 강한 음의 상관계수를 가지며 대기온도와 비습의 경우 상당한 음의 상관계수를 가지며 풍속은 식생의 영향으로 상관성이 매우 낮은 것으로 판단되었다. 중회귀분석을 통하여 계절별 토양수분을 추정하여 이를 측정값과 비교하였으며 결정계수($R^2$)는 봄의 경우 0.82, 여름의 경우 0.81, 가을의 경우 0.82, 겨울의 경우 0.96로 대체로 양호한 결과를 나타내었다. 본 연구에서 토양수분에 대한 지표상의 수문기상인자들과의 밀접한 상관관계는 공간해상도가 비교적 큰 원격탐사 토양수분의 downscaling에 유용한 정보를 제공할 수 있으며, 지표상의 물 에너지 순환에 대한 보다 나은 이해를 줄 것으로 사료된다.