• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.21-24
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• 1966

In order to confirm whether or not Acacia leaf inhibits the increase of serum total cholesterol content of rabbits administered with cholesterol, this paper is conducted. Thirty rabbits were equally divided into three groups: A, B and C. The group A was fed with the stock diet only throughout the experimental period of 42 days. The group B was fed with the stock diet and cholesterol for the first 21 days and then Acacia leaf was given to the rabbits in addition to the above diet for the remainder of the experimental period. The group C was fed with the stock diet, cholesterol and Acacia leaf for the first 21 days and then the Acacia leaf was removed from the diet for the latter part of 21 days. The results of the serum total cholesterol determination of each group were illustrated in the tables, 1-11, and figure 1. From the data, therefore, following conclusion might be drawn: 1. The Acacia leaf inhibits the increase of serum total cholesterol of rabbits administered with cholesterol. 2. It is not clear whether Acacia leaf expedites the excretion of the metabolites of the given cholesterol or blocks the transfer of the absorbed cholesterol into the blood stream.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 1976

The effects of root of the Bupleurum falcatum L. on the serum transaminase (SGP-T, SGO-T) activities and the content of total cholesterol in serum from normal and alloxan-diabetic rabbits were observed. The preparations were extracted by methanol, and extracted samples were orally administrated to the normal and alloxandiabetic rabbits. The transaminase activities and the content of total cholesterol in serum of normal rabbits were significantly increased by administration of the alloxan. The increased serum transaminase activities of the alloxandiabetic rabbits were significantly decreased after 96 hours by administration of the extracted samples. The increased content of total cholesterol in serum of the alloxan-diabetic rabbits were gradually decreased by administration of the extracted samples and were recovered to the control levels after 12 days. According to the above results, it would be concluded that the extract of Bupleuri Radix influences for the recovery of the increased contents of total cholesterol and serum transaminase activities by alloxan.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.184-192
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• 1998

This study was done to examine the correlations between weight, BMI and risk factors of coronary heart disease in men and women in their forties and fifties. The subjects were 412 adults. who had regular health examinations between January and December of 1996 at S-Hospital in Seoul. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, Scheffe test, and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results are as follows : 1. The men between 50 and 59 years of age had higher levels for BMI, weight, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol. LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting blood sugar, plasminogen activator-1, and hemoglobin A,C than the group of women in their forties. Yet. HDL-cholesterol was lower than in the former group. 2. In the group of men in their forties, weight was significantly correlated to diastolic blood pressure(r=.22), LDL-cholesterol(r=.20), plasminogen activator-inhibitor-1(r=.35) HDL-cholesterol(r=-.19). Their BMI was significantly correlted to systolic blood pressure(r=.27), diastolic blood pressure (r=.33), total cholesterol(r=.23), LDL-cholesterol (r=.26), plasminogen activator-1(r=.36) and HDL-cholesterol(r=-.25). 3. As for the group of women in their forties weight was significantly correlated to systolic blood pressure(r=.20), diastolic blood pressure(r=.22), triglyceride(r=.32) , plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (r=.30) and HDL-cholesterol(r= -.37). Their BMI was significantly correlated to diastolic blood pressure (r=.25) triglyceride(r=.47), plasminogen activator-1 (r=.35), fibrinogen(r=.27) and HDL-cholesterol(r=-.47). 4. In the group of men in their fifties. weight was significantly correlated to total cholesterol (r=32), LDL-cholesterol(r=.29). plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(r=.26). Their BMI was significantly correlated to systolic blood pressure(r=.24), diastolic blood pressure (r=.22), total cholesterol (r=.34), LDL-cholesterol (r=.32), and plasminogen activator-1(r=.25). 5. In the group of women in their fifties, weight was significantly correlated to diastolic blood pressure(r=.33), total cholesterol(r=.21), LDL-cholesterol(r=.20), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (r=.43) and HDL-cholesterol(r=-.21). Their BMI was significantly correlated to systolic blood pressure(r=.25), diastolic blood pressure(r=.40), total cholesterol(r=.24), LDL-cholesterol(r=.24), triglyceride(r=22), and HDL-cholesterol (r=-.30). The above findings indicate that the BMI was more predictive than weight as a risk factor for coronary artery disease for men and women in their forties and fifties.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.1553-1558
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• 2005

This study investigated the effects of polymannuronate feeding on cholesterol levels of serum, liter tissue, and feces in rats. After one week of general diet feeding, four week old S.D. rats were fed basal group, cholesterol diet group (1$\%$ cholesterol), and rolymannuronate diet group (1$\%$ cholesterol,5$\%$ polymannuronate). The total cholesterol levels in the serum and liver tissue was significantly decreased in the polymannuronate diet group. The polymannuronate diet group showed increased amounts of feces, total fecal bile acid and dietary fiber contents compared to basal diet group and cholesterol diet groups. Also, the histology of liver showed serious localized fat drops in the cholesterol diet group, but the polymannuronate diet group showed fewer localized fat drops. These results suggest that feeding of polymannuronate improves the lipid metabolism profile of rats by changing the serum and liver tissue cholesterol levels with increased level of the total bile acid, total dietary fiber and total cholesterol level in the feces.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.819-828
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• 1993

The reaction of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase(LCAT) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) are important in cholesterol esterification and transfer for the reverse cholesterol transport(RCT) system. The purpose of this study were to assess the effects of fatty acid unsaturation on RCT system. After 12 female human subjects consumed a prescribed high saturated fat diet prior to the period, two groups of six subjects were provided with a high PUFA(corn oil) or a high SFA(butter) as major fats in a 40 en % fat diet. Butter feeding increased plasma total-(34%), esterified-(96%), HDL_3$-(23%), LDL-(20%), and VLDL plus LDL(35%) cholesterol while corn oil feeding decreased esterified-(25%), LDL(15%) cholesterol and TG(27%). There were significant differences of fats on total-(p=0.0001), esterified-(p=0.0001), total HDL-(p=0.005), $HDL_2$-(p=0.01)and LDL-(p=0.0001) cholesterol. LCAT activity did not change during the period but highly correlated to apo A-I in HDL which was increased in the corn oil group. The 2.5 fold increased CETP activity in the butter group during the period might be related to changes in plasma VLDL plus LDL cholesterol level which were increased in the butter group.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.143-152
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of chitosan, chitosan oligomer and beef tallow of different levels on lipid metabolism in rats, Seventy male rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain were blocked into 10 groups according to body weight , and were raised for 4 weeks. Dietary fat levels were 20% en and 40% en, and chitosan and chitosan oligomer were given at levels of 05, 3%, and 5%(wt/wt) of diet. The results are summarized as follows, chitosan oligomer supplement decreased serum total lipid, as chitosan 양, and exhibited a tendency to decrease serum total cholesterol. Chitosan oligomer supplement tended to increase the HDL cholesterol ; total cholesterol ration as chitosan did. Liver total lipid and triglyceride concentration were lower in high fat groups than in low fat groups. Liver total lipid concentrations was decreased slightly by chitosan and sigfnificantly by chitosna ligomer. Epididymal fat pad total lipid. total cholesterol and triglyceride concentration were slightly decreased by chitosan and chitosan oligomer supplement, especially in high fat groups. fat absorptivity was decreased by low fat level, chitisan and chitosan oligamer supplement. Fecal excretion of total lipid and triglyceride were increased by high fat level, chitosan and chi샌무 oligomer supplement. However, fecal excretion of total cholesterol was increased by high fat level and chitosan supplement. This indicated that chitosan and chitosan oligomer were effective in interfering with lipid and triglyceride absorption, In conclusion, chitosan oligomer at levels of 3% and 5% has more effective lipid, cholesterol and triglyceride lowering activity than chitosan.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was designed to observe the effects of the feeding Cynanchum wilfordii extract on the improvement of the blood glucose, lipid components in the serum of dietary hyperlipidemic and streptozotocin(STZ) -induced diabetic rats(S.D. strain, ♂) fed the experimental diets for 5 weeks. Concentrations of total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL-Cholesterol, free-cholesterol. cholesteryl ester, TG, PL and blood glucose in serum were significantly higher in the cholesterol administration groups((group 2(cholesterol+water), 4(cholesterol+Cynanchum WIlfordii 3.5g% extract)) than those in the control group (group1 , basal diet+water). But the concentrations of total cholesterol. atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL- cholesterol. free-cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, TG, PL and blood glucose in serum were remakably lower in the group 4 than those in the group 2. In the STZ(55mg/kg B.W.)-induced diabetic groups((group 3(STZ, IP.)+water), 5(STZ(IP.)+Cynanchum WIlfordii 3.5g% extract? the serum total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL-cholesterol, free-cholesterol. cholesteryl ester, TG, PL and blood glucose concentrations actions were rather lower in the group 5 than those in the group 3. In the ratio of HDL -cholesterol concentration to total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentration, Cynanchum wilfordii extract administration groups were higher percentage than III the groups 2 and 3. The activities of aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) in serum were rather lower in the Cynanchum wllfordii extract administration groups (group 4,5) than in the cholesterol diet group(group 2) and STZ-induced diabetic group (group 3). From the above research, the physiological activity substances in Cynanchum wllfordii were effective on the improvement of the blood glucose, lipid compositions in serum of dietary hyperlipidemic and STZ-induced diabetic rats. And particularly, physiological activity substance in Cynanchum wilfordii was more effective therapeutic regimen for the control of metabolic derangements in adult disease.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.865-870
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• 2003

Opuntia ficus-indica is widely used as folk medicine for burned wound, edema and indigestion, etc. After the adaptation of rats for seven days, OF (200mg/kg) was administered into rats intraperitoneally every day for two weeks. On the 14th day, $3.3m\ell$ of $CCl_4$ (50% $CCl_4$ : Olive oil = 1 : 1) was treated to rats and on the 15th day, they were operated. We measured the levels of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, total lipid and triglyceride (TG) in serum and Malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver tissue. Opuntia ficus-indica and $CCl_4$-treated group (OFC) significantly decreased lipid peroxidation by 32.6% compared to $CCl_4$-treated abnomal group (CTA). Total lipid and TC of OFC administered group were lower than those of CTA group. Cholesterol levels showed significant effect in OFC group. Total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in OFC administered group were decreased by 12.7% and 17.4%, respectively, compared to those of CTA group. HDL-cholesterol in OFC administration group was increased by 19.7% compared to CTA group. This finding suggests that lipid peroxidation was inhibited in the significant level when $CCl_4$-induced rats were treated with OF. Based on this analysis, further study to identify the active components in this sample is warranted.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.72-77
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was designed to observe the effects of Zizyphus jujuba seed extract on the concentrations of the lipids and blood glucose in the S.D. rats fed the experimental diets for 4 weeks. Concentrations of total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL-cholesterol, free-cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, triglyceride (TG), phospholipid (PL) and blood glucose in serum were significantly higher in the cholesterol administration groups (group 2 (cholesterol+water), group 3 (cholesterol+Zizyphus jujuba seed extract)) than those in the control group (group 1, basal diet+water). But the concentrations of total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL-cholesterol, free-cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, TG, PL and blood glucose in serum ware remarkably lower in the group 3 than those in the group 2. In the ratio of HIDL-cholesterol concentration to total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentration, Zizyphus jujuba seed extract administration group was higher percentage than in the group 2. The activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine amino-transferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in serum were rather lower in the Zizyphus jujuba seed extract administration group (group 3) than in the cholesterol diet group (group 2). From the above research, Zizyphus jujuba seeds were effective on the improvement of the blood glucose, lipid compositions in serum of dietary hyperlipidemic rats. And particularly, Zizyphus jujuba seeds were more effective as a therapeutic regimen for the control of metabolic derangements in adult disease.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.85-93
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• 1984

The present studies were designed to compare the effects of dietary fat sources and levels on plasma and tissue cholesterol. Changes in plasma total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol, cholesterol concentration in aortas, liver and intestines were determined in young rats fed diets providing dietary fat as corn-oil or butter and levels as 10%, 20% or 30% of calories respectively 1) Plasma total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels were little sensitive to the modification of dietary fat sources and levels. 2) Dietary cholesterol increased the levels of plasma total cholesterol and this effect was accentuated by feeding butter. But dietary cholesterol did not increase the levels of HDL-cholesterol in the butter-fed groups, but decreased in the corn-oil-fed groups. 3) Liver cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher in rats fed diets of corn-oil than those fed diets of butter. On the contrary, cholesterol concentrations of intestines were significantly higher in the butter-fed groups than the corn-oil-fed groups. However, in aortas, no significant differences were found.