• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.157-162
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• 2008

The aim of the study was to formulate the stable amlodipine maleate tablet by selecting and combining of suitable ingredients. Amlodipine tablets were designed by using different manufacturing methods or formulations. Dissolution rate at 30 min of newly formulated tablets was over 98% in 0.1 M HCl medium. After 4 months storage under accelerated condition, the changes of appearance, loss on drying, content and total impurity were investigated. For long-term stability tests, two formulations of K017 (direct compressed tablets consisting of microcrystalline cellulose and pregelatinized starch) and K018 (wet granulated tablets by OpadryAMB) were stored under $25^{\circ}C$, 60% RH for 24 months. Under the accelerated condition, moisture content in K017 formulation was increased as 5.96% for 4 months, while other formulations with anhydrous monobasic phosphoric potassium or by wet granulation showed higher increase in moisture content compared to K017. In addition, K017 formulation showed a low decrease in contents and total relative substance as 0.8% and 0.7%, respectively. Similar stability of amlodipine in K017 was obtained under the long-term stability test. These results indicate that the K017 combined with microcrystalline cellulose and pregelatinized starch as ingredients is very stable formulation to protect active substance from moisture contact and sustain stability. Therefore, suitable combination of ingredients such as microcrystalline cellulose and pregelatinized starch could attribute to enhance the stability of moisture-labile drug such as amlodipine maleate.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.97-102
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• 1998

칡을 3, 6, 9, 12월에 채취하여 분리한 전분의 성질을 비교한 결과 12월 전분은 아밀로오스 함량, 고유점도, 베타-아밀라아제 분해한도가 가장 작았으나, 물결합능력은 가장 컸다. 팽윤력은 채취 시기별로 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. KSCN에 의한 호화에서 12월 시료는 겔의 부피증가 정도가 가장 작았고 평형 부피에 도달하는 시간도 가장 늦었다. DSC에 의한 호화온도는 12월 시료는 다른 시료보다 $1^{\circ}C$ 높았다. 열수가용성 전분의 조성은 12월 시료가 아밀로오스 함량이 가장 높았고 아밀로펙틴은 가장 낮았다. 이러한 결과 칡 전분은 채취시기에 따라 그 성질이 다름을 알 수 있었다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.908-919
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• 2023

Objective: Information about the chemical composition of cassava-based feed ingredients is needed to accurately formulate animal diets. A study was conducted to determine the chemical composition of cassava-based feed ingredients and to test the hypothesis that there is variation in chemical composition among cassava products originating from different South-East Asian countries. Methods: Sources of dried peeled and unpeeled cassava roots, cassava chips, cassava meal, high-ash cassava meal, and cassava residue were used. All samples were analyzed for dry matter, gross energy, nitrogen, amino acids (AA), acid-hydrolyzed ether extract (AEE), ash, minerals, total starch, insoluble dietary fiber, and soluble dietary fiber. Samples of peeled and unpeeled cassava roots, cassava chips, and cassava meal were also analyzed for sugars. Results: High-ash cassava meal had greater (p<0.05) dry matter and ash, but lower (p<0.05) total starch and gross energy than all other cassava products. Peeled cassava roots, unpeeled cassava roots, and cassava chips had greater (p<0.05) total starch than the other cassava-based ingredients. Cassava residue had greater (p<0.05) concentrations of lysine, insoluble dietary fiber, and soluble dietary fiber compared with the other cassava products, but tryptophan and glutamic acid were greater (p<0.05) in peeled cassava roots, cassava chips, and cassava meal samples compared with the other ingredients. Concentration of most minerals was greater (p<0.05) in high-ash cassava meal than in the other cassava products. Conclusion: Cassava-based ingredients sold as peeled roots, unpeeled roots, chips, or meal have chemical compositions that are not different from each other, and peeling has little impact on chemical composition. High-ash cassava meal has lower nutritional quality compared with other cassava products due to low starch and gross energy. The high fiber content in cassava residue makes this ingredient more suitable for ruminants and sows than for younger pigs or poultry.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.1164-1173
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• 2006

Cellulase from Aspergillus niger, (${\alpha}$-amylase from Bacillus sp. and protease from Bacillus globigii were used as enzyme sources in this study to examine how their respective substrates protect them in two kinds of simulated gastrointestinal tract digesting processes. Avian total digest tract simulation test showed that filter paper, Avicel and cellulose resulted in 7.7, 6.4 and 7.4 times more activity than of unprotected cellulose, respectively. Protease with addition of casein, gelatin or soybean protein showed no significant protection response. Starch protected amylase to be 2.5 times activity of the unprotected one. Monogastric animal total tract digestion simulation test showed that filter paper, Avicel and cellulose resulted in 5.9, 9.0 and 8.8 times activity of unprotected cellulase, respectively. Casein, gelatin and soybean protein resulted in 1.2, 1.3 and 2.0 times activity of unprotected protease, respectively. Starch did not protect amylase activity in monogastric animal total tract simulation. Protection of mixed enzymes by substrates in two animal total tract simulation tests showed that filter paper in combination with soybean protein resulted in 1.5 times activity of unprotected cellulose, but all substrates tested showed no significant protection effect to protease. Soybean protein and starch added at the same time protected the amylase activity to be two times of the unprotected one. Test of non-purified substrate protection in two animal total digest tract simulation showed that cellulase activity increased as BSA (bovine serum albumin) concentration increased, with the highest activity to be 1.3 times of unprotected enzyme. However, BSA showed no significant protection effect to protease. Amylase activity increased to 1.5 times as BSA added more than 1.5% (w/v). Cellulase activity increased to 1.5 times as soybean hull was added higher than 1.5%. Amylase had a significant protection response only when soybean hull added up to 2%. Protease activity was not protected by soybean hull to any significant extent.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.1120-1128
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• 2016

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with nitrogen and starch on the nutritional performance of grazing cattle during the rainy season. Five rumen cannulated Nellore steers, averaging 211 kg of body weight (BW), were used. Animals grazed on five signal grass paddocks. Five treatments were evaluated: control (forage only), ruminal supplementation with nitrogen at 1 g of crude protein (CP)/kg BW, ruminal supplementation with starch at 2.5 g/kg BW, supplementation with nitrogen (1 g CP/kg BW) and starch (2.5 g/kg BW), and supplementation with nitrogen (1 g CP/kg BW) and a mixture of corn starch and nitrogenous compounds (2.5 g/kg BW), thereby resulting in an energy part of the supplement with 150 g CP/kg of dry matter (DM). This last treatment was considered an additional treatment. The experiment was carried out according to a $5{\times}5$ Latin square design following a $2{\times}2+1$ factorial arrangement (with or without nitrogen, with or without starch, and the additional treatment). Nitrogen supplementation did not affect (p>0.10) forage intake. Starch supplementation increased (p<0.10) total intake but did not affect (p<0.10) forage intake. There was an interaction between nitrogen and starch (p<0.10) for organic matter digestibility. Organic matter digestibility was increased only by supplying starch and nitrogen together. Nitrogen balance (NB) was increased (p<0.10) by the nitrogen supplementation as well as by starch supplementation. Despite this, even though a significant interaction was not observed (p>0.10), NB obtained with nitrogen plus starch supplementation was greater than NB obtained with either nitrogen or starch exclusive supplementation. Supplementation with starch and nitrogen to beef cattle grazing during the rainy season can possibly improve digestion and nitrogen retention in the animal.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.372-378
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• 2013

본 연구는 폴리페놀이 다량 함유되어 있는 복숭아씨(桃仁)를 분말상태로 우리나라의 전통 식품인 청포묵에 적용하여 품질특성 및 항산화성에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 복숭아씨 분말의 비율을 각각 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5%로 하여 제조한 청포묵은 비율이 높아질수록 명도(L)와 적색도(a)는 낮아지는 경향을 보였으나, 황색도(b)는 1.5%에서 가장 높은 값인 -58.96을 나타내었다. 청포묵의 기계적 품질 특성은 대조군이 모든 특성면에서 가장 높았고, 복숭아씨 분말이 첨가될수록 경도, 응집성, 탄력성, 씹힘성, 부서짐성이 모두 유의적으로 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 총 폴리페놀 함량의 경우는 복숭아씨 분말을 첨가한 청포묵이 대조군에 비해 높았으며 복숭아씨 분말을 1.5% 첨가하였을때 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다. 또한 복숭아씨 분말 첨가량이 높은 청포묵이 높은 DPPH 라디칼소거능을 나타내었다. 관능적 품질 특성은, 다른 관능적 특성은 비슷한 경향을 보였으나 향과 맛에 있어서는 차이점을 보였다. 특히 0.5%를 첨가한 청포묵에서 향 6.0점, 맛 5.5점으로 가장 높은 기호도를 보였고, 첨가량이 증가하게 되면 오히려 기호도가 줄어드는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 결과를 종합해 보면, 기호도 측면에서 대조구와의 차이가 크지 않은 0.5%를 첨가하는 것이 청포묵의 항산화성도 증진시키고 기계적 및 관능적 품질 특성에도 기여할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.109-113
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• 2019

건식제분 쌀가루를 제조하기 위해 MNU로 돌연변이 처리하여 육종한 한가루와 신길의 가공적성을 확인하기 위하여 쌀의 80%를 차지하는 전분의 이화학적, 형태적 및 호화특성을 일반벼인 추청과 설갱 전분과 비교하였다. 신길전분의 아밀로스 함량은 27.1%로 나머지 쌀 전분은 16.5-19.5%이었다. 물결합능력과 팽윤력은 한가루 전분이 가장 높았고 전분입자의 크기($d_{50}$)도 가장 컸다. 전분입자의 형태는 설갱, 한가루, 신길전분의 전분입자 형태는 일부 한 면이 둥근 입자가 다면체 입자와 혼합되어 있었다. X-선 회절도에 의한 결정형은 모두 A형이었으며 호화개시온도는 신길전분이 $92.1^{\circ}C$로 가장 높고 한가루와 신길전분 호화액의 피크, 최저 및 최종점도가 추청과 설갱 전분보다 낮았다. 한가루 전분은 breakdown점도가 가장 컸으며 total setback점도는 가장 낮았다. 이와 같은 결과로부터 연질미 쌀가루의 전분 특성은 품종에 따라 다름을 확인하여 품종 별 쌀가루 특성과 가공성을 연구하여 전분과의 상관성을 비교해야 될 것이다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.308-308
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• 2022

β-glucan, a nonstarch polysaccharide, is one of the main functional component in the cell wall of barley. This study was quality characteristics to use a korean variety with a high β-glucan as an original material for developing functional food. The high β-glucan 'Jeonju528, and 'Betaone' were compared with 'Hyeyang', 'Dahyang', 'Hwanggeumchal' and 'Glacier AC38' total 6 varieties. Seed section dyed to classify of Waxy/non-waxy type, starch granule was tested and moisture, protein, amylose, and β-glucan of whole grains and pearl barleys were experiment. Whole grains were the average protein of 13.2% and were the average starch 50.1%. β-glucan of whole grains were 5.3-10.0%, and amylose were 3.0-23.4%. Pearl barleys were the average protein of 11.7% and were the average starch of 65.0%. β-glucan of pearl barleys were 6.5-12.3%, and amylose were 3.6-31.1%. As a results of the correlation analysis were recognized significance among varieties for protein, starch and β-glucan but there was no difference in other traits. It was concluded that amylose showed a positive correlation with starch and β-glucan showed a negative correlation with amylose.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.49-53
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• 1996

This experiment was carried out to study the effect of oxygen on chemical composition and physical properties of tobacco leaves during flue-curing. The results obtained were as follows: Starch content decreased and sucrose content increased with increasing oxygen supply during curing. Glucose and fructose of the cured leaves showed high content at the 5-10% oxygen supply. Amino-N and nitrate-N increased with increasing oxygen supply. Total nitrogen and NH4-N showed the lowest value at the 5-10% and 10-15% oxygen supply in the cutters and leaf, respectively. Chlorophyll and chlorogenic acid increased, and total volatile base decreased with increasing oxygen supply. The activity of α-amylase increased at the latter period of flue-curing, and the maximum activity point were delayed 12 hours with increasing oxygen supply. Shatter index of cured leaves decreased with increasing oxygen supply. It was desirable to supply oxygen during flue-curing for the improvement of chemical and physical properties such as starch, total sugar, chlorogenic acid, and shatter index of cured leaves.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.12-18
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of tobacco curing on far infrared light on the quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves. Physicochemical characteristics such as alkaloid, total sugar, total nitrogen, starch, total phenolic compounds, browning degrees, and color differences, in cured tobacco leaves were compared between hot air and far infrared curing methods. There was no significant difference in sugar/nicotine ratio and nitrogen number between the curing methods, while the contents of ether extract and filling capacity were increase by far infrared curing. Therefore, it was expected that far infrared curing might be effective for high aroma and physical properties of the cured tobacco leaves.