Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.15.0514

Nutritional Performance of Cattle Grazing during Rainy Season with Nitrogen and Starch Supplementation  

Lazzarini, Isis (Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Vicosa)
Detmann, Edenio (Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Vicosa)
Filho, Sebastiao de Campos Valadares (Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Vicosa)
Paulino, Mario Fonseca (Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Vicosa)
Batista, Erick Darlisson (Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Vicosa)
Rufino, Luana Marta de Almeida (Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Vicosa)
Reis, William Lima Santiago dos (Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Vicosa)
Franco, Marcia de Oliveira (Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Vicosa)
Publication Information
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences / v.29, no.8, 2016 , pp. 1120-1128 More about this Journal
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with nitrogen and starch on the nutritional performance of grazing cattle during the rainy season. Five rumen cannulated Nellore steers, averaging 211 kg of body weight (BW), were used. Animals grazed on five signal grass paddocks. Five treatments were evaluated: control (forage only), ruminal supplementation with nitrogen at 1 g of crude protein (CP)/kg BW, ruminal supplementation with starch at 2.5 g/kg BW, supplementation with nitrogen (1 g CP/kg BW) and starch (2.5 g/kg BW), and supplementation with nitrogen (1 g CP/kg BW) and a mixture of corn starch and nitrogenous compounds (2.5 g/kg BW), thereby resulting in an energy part of the supplement with 150 g CP/kg of dry matter (DM). This last treatment was considered an additional treatment. The experiment was carried out according to a $5{\times}5$ Latin square design following a $2{\times}2+1$ factorial arrangement (with or without nitrogen, with or without starch, and the additional treatment). Nitrogen supplementation did not affect (p>0.10) forage intake. Starch supplementation increased (p<0.10) total intake but did not affect (p<0.10) forage intake. There was an interaction between nitrogen and starch (p<0.10) for organic matter digestibility. Organic matter digestibility was increased only by supplying starch and nitrogen together. Nitrogen balance (NB) was increased (p<0.10) by the nitrogen supplementation as well as by starch supplementation. Despite this, even though a significant interaction was not observed (p>0.10), NB obtained with nitrogen plus starch supplementation was greater than NB obtained with either nitrogen or starch exclusive supplementation. Supplementation with starch and nitrogen to beef cattle grazing during the rainy season can possibly improve digestion and nitrogen retention in the animal.
Keywords
Beef Cattle; Digestibility; Intake; Metabolism; Nellore Steers; Nitrogen Retention;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Arroquy, J. I., R. C. Cochran, T. G. Nagaraja, E. C. Titgemeyer, and D. E. Johnson. 2005. Effect of types of non-fiber carbohydrate on in vitro forage fiber digestion of low-quality grass hay. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 120:93-106.   DOI
2 Arroquy, J. I., R. C. Cochran, M. Villareal, T. A. Wickersham, D. A. Llewellyn, E. C. Titgemeyer, T. G. Nagaraja, D. E. Johnson, and D. Gnad. 2004. Effect of level of rumen degradable protein and type of supplemental non-fiber carbohydrate on intake and digestion of low-quality grass hay by beef cattle. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 115:83-99.   DOI
3 Batista, E. D., E. Detmann, E. C. Titgemeyer, S. C. Valadares Filho, R. F. D. Valadares, L. L. Prates, L. N. Renno, and M. F. Paulino. 2016. Effects of varying ruminally undegradable protein supplementation on forage digestion, nitrogen metabolism, and urea kinetics in Nellore cattle fed low-quality tropical forage. J. Anim. Sci. 94:201-216.   DOI
4 Carvalho, I. P. C., E. Detmann, H. C. Mantovani, M. F. Paulino, S. C. Valadares Filho, V. A. C. Costa, and D. I. Gomes. 2011. Growth and antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria from rumen fluid according to energy or nitrogen source. Rev. Bras. Zootec. 40:1260-1265.   DOI
5 Chen, X. B. and M. J. Gomes. 1992. Estimation of Microbial Protein Supply to Sheep and Cattle Based on Urinary Excretion of Purine Derivatives - An Overview of the Technical Details. Rowett Research Institute, Buchsburnd Aberdeen, UK. 21 p.
6 Chizzotti, M. L., S. C. Valadares Filho, R. F. D. Valadares, F. H. M. Chizzotti, J. M. S. Campos, M. I. Marcondes, and M. A. Fonseca. 2006. Intake, digestibility and urinary excretion of urea and purine derivatives in heifers with different body weights. Rev. Bras. Zootec. 35:1813-1821.   DOI
7 Costa, V. A. C., E. Detmann, M. F. Paulino, S. C. V. Valadares Filho, L. T. Henriques, and I. P. C. Carvalho. 2011a. Total and partial digestibility and nitrogen balance in grazing cattle supplemented with non-protein and, or true protein nitrogen during the rainy season. Rev. Bras. Zootec. 40:2815-2826.   DOI
8 Costa, V. A. C., E. Detmann, M. F. Paulino, S. C. Valadares Filho, I. P. C. Carvalho, and L. P. Monteiro. 2011b. Intake and digestibility in cattle under grazing during rainy season and supplemented with different sources of nitrogenous compounds and carbohydrates. Rev. Bras. Zootec. 40:1788-1798.   DOI
9 Costa, V. A. C., E. Detmann, M. F. Paulino, S. C. Valadares Filho, L. T. Henriques, I. P. C. Carvalho, and T. N. P. Valente. 2011c. Intake and rumen dynamics of neutral detergent fiber in grazing cattle supplemented with non-protein nitrogen and, or true protein during the rainy season. Rev. Bras. Zootec. 40:2805-2814.   DOI
10 Detmann, E., M. A. Souza, S. C. Valadares Filho, A. C. Queiroz, T.T. Berchielle, E. O. S. Saliba, L. S. Cabral, D. S. Pina, M. M.Ladeira, and J. A. G. Azevedo. 2012. Metodos para analise dealimentos. 1st Ed. Suprema, Visconde do Rio Branco, MG, Brazil.
11 Egan, A. R. 1965a. Nutritional status and intake regulation in sheep. III. The relationship between improvement of nitrogen status and increase in voluntary intake of low-protein roughages by sheep. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 16:463-472.   DOI
12 Detmann, E., E. E. L. Valente, E. D. Batista, and P. Huhtanen. 2014a. An evaluation of the performance and efficiency of nitrogen utilization in cattle fed tropical grass pastures with supplementation. Livest. Sci. 162:141-153.   DOI
13 Detmann, E., M. F. Paulino, S. C. Valadares Filho, and P. Huhtanen. 2014b. Nutritional aspects applied to grazing cattle in the tropics: A review based on Brazilian results. Semin-Cienc. Agrar. 35:2829-2854.   DOI
14 Detmann, E., E. D. Batista, M. O. Franco, L. M. A. Rufino, W. L. S. Reis, M. F. Paulino, S. C. Valadares Filho, and C. B. Sampaio. 2015. Contribution of the rumen microbial nitrogen obtained using supplementation to the body accretion of nitrogen in cattle fed tropical forages. In: III Simposio Matogrossense de Bovinocultura de Corte, Cuiaba, MT, Brazil. pp. 1-3.
15 Egan, A. R. 1965b. The fate and effects of duodenally infused casein and urea nitrogen in sheep fed on a low-protein roughage. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 16:169-177.   DOI
16 Egan, A. R. and R. J. Moir. 1965. Nutritional status and intake regulation in sheep. I. Effects of duodenally infused single doses of casein, urea, and propionate upon voluntary intake of a low-protein roughage by sheep. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 16:437-449.   DOI
17 El-Shazly, K., B. A. Dehority, and R. R. Johnson. 1961. Effect of starch on the digestion of cellulose in vitro and in vivo by rumen microorganisms. J. Anim. Sci. 20:268-273.
18 Franco, M. O. 2015. Nutritional Performance and Metabolic Characteristics in Cattle Fed Tropical Forage and Supplemented with Nitrogenous Compounds and Energy. Ph.D. Thesis, Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Vicosa, MG, Brazil.
19 Figueiras, J. F., E. Detmann, S. C. Valadares Filho, M. F. Paulino, E. D. Batista, L. M. A. Rufino, T. N. P. Valente, W. L. S. Reis, and M. O. Franco. 2015. Nutritional performance of grazing cattle during dry-to-rainy transition season with protein supplementation. Arch. Zootec. 64:269-276.
20 Figueiras, J. F., E. Detmann, M. F. Paulino, T. N. P. Valente, S. C. Valadares Filho, and I. Lazzarini. 2010. Intake and digestibility in cattle under grazing supplemented with nitrogenous compounds during dry season. Rev. Bras. Zootec. 39:1303-1312.   DOI
21 Gerrits, W. J. J., G. H. Tolman, J. W. Schrama, S. Tamminga, M. W. Bosch, and M. W. A. Verstegen. 1996. Effect of protein and protein-free energy intake on protein and fat deposition rates in preruminant calves of 80 to 240 kg live weight. J. Anim. Sci. 74:2129-2139.   DOI
22 Heldt, J. S., R. C. Cochran, C. P. Mathis, B. C. Woods, K. C. Olson, E. C. Titgemeyer, T. G. Nagaraja, E. S. Vanzant, and D. E. Johnson. 1999. Effects of level and source of carbohydrate and level of degradable intake protein on intake and digestion of low-quality tallgrass-prairie hay by beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 77:2846-2854.   DOI
23 Illius, A. W. and N. S. Jessop. 1996. Metabolic constraints on voluntary intake in ruminants. J. Anim. Sci. 74:3052-3062.   DOI
24 Lazzarini, I., E. Detmann, M. F. Paulino, S. C. Valadares Filho, R. F. D. Valadares, F. A. Oliveira, P. T. Silva, and W. L. S. Reis. 2013. Nutritional performance of cattle grazing on low-quality tropical forage supplemented with nitrogenous compounds and/or starch. Rev. Bras. Zootec. 42:664-674.   DOI
25 Sampaio, C. B., E. Detmann, M. F. Paulino, S. C. Valadares Filho, M. A. Souza, I. Lazzarini, I., P. V. Paulino, and A. C. Queiroz. 2010. Intake and digestibility in cattle fed low-quality tropical forage and supplemented with nitrogenous compounds. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 42:1471-1479.   DOI
26 Marini, J. C. and M. E. Van Amburgh. 2003. Nitrogen metabolism and recycling in Holstein heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 81:545-552.   DOI
27 Rufino, L. M. A. 2011. Ruminal and/or Abomasal Nitrogenous Supplementation in Cattle Fed Tropical Forage. M.Sc. Thesis, Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Vicosa, MG, Brazil.
28 Rufino, L. M. A. 2015. Nutritional Performance and Metabolic Characteristics in Cattle Fed Tropical Forages in Response to Infrequent Supplementation with Nitrogenous Compounds. Ph.D. Thesis, Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Vicosa, MG, Brazil.
29 Schroeder, G. F. and E. C. Titgemeyer. 2008. Interaction between protein and energy supply on protein utilization in growing cattle: A review. Livest. Sci. 114:1-10.   DOI
30 Souza, M. A., E. Detmann, M. F. Paulino, C. B. Sampaio, I. Lazzarini, and S. C. Valadares Filho. 2010. Intake, digestibility and rumen dynamics of neutral detergent fiber in cattle fed low-quality tropical forage and supplemented with nitrogen and/or starch. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 42:1299-1310.   DOI
31 Spanghero, M. and Z. M. Kowalski. 1997. Critical analysis of N balance experiments with lactating cows. Livest. Prod. Sci. 52:113-122.   DOI
32 Titgemeyer, E. C., C. K. Armendariz, D. J. Bindel, R. H. Greenwood, and C. A. Loest. 2001. Evaluation of titanium dioxide as a digestibility marker for cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 79:1059-1063.   DOI
33 Zervoudakis, J. T., M. F. Paulino, L. S. Cabral, E. Detmann, S. C. Valadares Filho, and E. H. B. K. Moraes. 2008. Multiple supplements of self controlled intake for steers during the growing phase in the rainy season. Cienc. Agrotec. 32:1968-1973.   DOI
34 Valadares Filho, S. C. 1995. Microbial protein synthesis, crude protein ruminal degradation and intestinal digestibility in cattle. In: Proceedings of International Symposium on the Nutritional Requirements of Ruminants Jose Carlos Pereira. (Org.). JARD Vicosa MG, Brazil. pp. 201-234.
35 Van Soest, P. J. 1994. Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant. 2nd Ed. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, USA. 476 p.
36 Verbic, J., X. B., N. A. MacLeod, and E. R. Orskov. 1990. Excretion of purine derivatives by ruminants. Effect of microbial nucleic acid infusion on purine derivative excretion by steers. J. Agric. Sci. 114:243-248.   DOI