• KIEAE Journal
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2006

The recent emphasis on ecological urban development has led to the need to maintain a hydrologic cycle in urban areas. As such, this study proposes decentralized rainwater management, a concept of onsite rainwater management that involves the utilization, infiltration, detention, and retention of rainwater. The main objective of this research is to estimate the proportion of decentralized rainwater management that is needed. From the research that was conducted in this study, it was found that the total runoff quantity increases by 10-20% after district lands are developed, when the probable rate of precipitation every 10 years is within this range. Thus, the runoff rate can be reduced by 10~20% of the total runoff quantity through decentralization. On the other hand, in the scale of housing complex development, the total runoff quantity increases by as much as 10~40% due to the changes in the rate of the impervious surface area. If 10-40% of the total runoff quantity was processed through decentralized rainwater management, the rate of infiltration, detention, retention, and runoff in precipitation prior to development could be recovered.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2006

The objective of this study is to analyze the greenroof runoff quantity and delay. The experimental districts, have different soil thickness and vegetation, had installed. A measurement was conducted in Seoul University to investigate the runoff quantity and delay of the greenroof. The measurement point of runoff quality data were 8, located next to each experimental district. Also, the precipitation was measured by rain gauges(# RG2). The experimental investigation lasted from 21th July to 4th December, a total of 137 days. The results showed that the greenroof can contribute runoff retention and delay by soil, but the intensity of actual rain event affected the runoff reduction and delay. Overall, when was the rainy season, percent rainfall retention ranged 17.5% and runoff flow was delayed for 1-3 hours. But on the other hand, when was the typical rain event, percent rainfall retention ranged over 90% and runoff flow was delayed for 1-11 hours. In the result, the greenroof had the greatest runoff retention and delay, while for the typical rain event.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.648-657
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• 2006

Characteristics of water quantity and quality of the Anyangcheon were analyzed through many field measurements and the distributed hydrologic simulation model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Event mean concentrations (EMCs) and baseflow mean concentrations were calculated from the data and the daily runoff were simulated by SWAT. The runoff was divided into the direct runoff and the baseflow. Using those values and quantity and quality data of release from the wastewater treatment plant (WWPT), unit loads of BOD, COD, SS, $NO_2-N$, $NO_3-N$, $NH_3-N$, and Dis-P were derived. EMCs of BOD and SS were even higher than the baseflow mean concentrations. The total runoff from October to April (7 months) of 2004 was just 13.5%, since the rainfall usually is concentrated in summer season. Futhermore BOD and SS were loaded during the event by 50.9% and 70.9%, respectively and over three quarters of total COD, $NO_2-N$, $NO_3-N$, $NH_3-N$, and Dis-P were flowed into the Anyangcheon during the remaining period. Therefore, the efficiency of WWPT for COD, $NO_2-N$, $NO_3-N$, $NH_3-N$, and Dis-P should be intensified from Oct. to Apr. and the runoff quality management of BOD and SS should be planned during the summer season.

• 물과 미래
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 1983

본 연구는 5대하천유역에서 얻어진 수위일류량곡선을 이용하여 연평균 총유출량을 산정하고 한국본토 부분에 있어서의 유출에 대한 연평균 가용수자원량을 추정제시한 것이다. 본 연구를 통하여 얻어진 성과는 아래와 같다. 1) 조서지역을 제외한 본토내부에서의 가용수자원 총량은 상한치로서 269억톤, 하한치로서는 244억톤으로서 평균 가용수자원 총량은 256억톤으로 추정되었다. 2) 장기유출로 본 5대 하천유역(한강, 금강, 낙동강, 영산강, 섬진강)의 연평균 유출율은 약 58%로 산정되었다. 3) V권역의 연평균유출율을 모노노베(물부)가 제시한 값을 이용하여 80%로 가정할 경우 전국 연평균 유출율은 57%로 추정되었고, V권역을 분석에서 제외할 경우에는 약 56%로 산정되었다. 3) V권역의 연평균유출율을 모노노베(물부)가 제시한 값을 이용하여 80%로 가정할 경우 전국 연평균 유출율은 57%로 추정되었고, V권역을 분석에서 제외할 경우에는 약 56%로 산정되었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.972-978
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• 2009

This study modifies the present total maximum daily load (TMDL) system of Ministry of Environment and applies to the Anyangcheon watershed. Hydrologic Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF) model is used to simulate both runoff and non-point source pollution, simultaneously, instead of QUAL2E. The drought flow (355th daily flow) is proposed for the target water quantity since it is easier to satisfy low flow (275th daily flow) for the target water quality than drought flow. The increase of discharge is more than the increase of pollutant load except for the period under low flow. The measured unit loads for non-point source are used to consider the regional runoff characteristics. The measured water quantity and quality data are used since the ministry of environment supports only water quality. This analysis results show some reasons for the improvement of the present TMDL system of Korea.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2004

본 연구는 강우-유출 침식성 인자의 빈도별에 따른 토양유실량을 평가하고 이롤 바탕으로 유역의 토침칭식 위험지역을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. RUSLE는 토양침식량을 분석하는데 이용하였다. 연구지역은 섬진강 수계의 관촌유역을 선정하였다. 빈도별 강우-유출 침식성인자를 얻기 위하여 39년간의 일일최대 강우량 자료를 이용하였다. 확률강우량은 Normal 분포, Log-Normal 분포, Pearson type III 분포, log-Pearson type III 분포 및 Extreme-I 분포를 이용하였다. 이 중 적합도가 가장 높은 것으로 판단되는 Log-Pearson type III 분포를 채택하였다. Log-Pearson type III 분포는 24시간 확률 강우량을 산정하는데 이용하였고, 빈도별 강우-유출 침식성 인자는 Huff 분포비로 평가하였다. 분석결과 2년빈도에서 200년 빈도까지 토양유실량은 평균 $12.8{\sim}68.0ton/ha{\cdot}yr$로 분석되었다. 유역의 토양유실량 분포를 4개 분류등급으로 구분하여 토양침식 위험지역을 분석하였으며, 침식발생 위험지역으로 판단되는 지역은 분류등급 IV로 하였다. 분류등급 IV의 면적은 $0.01{\sim}5.28km^2$로 전체 농경지 면적의 0.02~9.00%로 나타났다. 특히, 200년빈도의 경우 분류등급 IV에서 밭작물 재배지역이 전체 농경지 면적의 77.1%를 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 농경지의 경작상태에 따라 토양유실이 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2015

PURPOSES: This study aims to evaluate the runoff reduction with permeable pavements using the SWMM analysis. METHODS: In this study, simulations were carried out using two different models, simple and complex, to evaluate the runoff reduction when an impermeable pavement is replaced with a permeable pavement. In the simple model, the target area for the analysis was grouped into four areas by the land use characteristics, using the statistical database. In the complex model, simulation was performed based on the data on the sewer and road network configuration of Yongsan-Gu Bogwang-Dong in Seoul, using the ArcGIS software. A scenario was created to investigate the hydro-performance of the permeable pavement based on the return period, runoff coefficient, and the area of permeable pavement that could be laid within one hour after rainfall. RESULTS : The simple modeling analysis results showed that, when an impervious pavement is replaced with a permeable pavement, the peak discharge reduced from $16.7m^3/s$ to $10.4m^3/s$. This represents a reduction of approximately 37.6%. The peak discharge from the whole basin showed a reduction of approximately 11.0%, and the quantity decreased from $52.9m^3/s$ to $47.2m^3/s$. The total flowoff reduced from $43,261m^3$ to $38,551m^3$, i.e., by approximately 10.9%. In the complex model, performed using the ArcGIS interpretation with fewer permeable pavements applicable, the return period and the runoff coefficient increased, and the total flowoff and peak discharge also increased. When the return period was set to 20 years, and a runoff coefficient of 0.05 was applied to all the roads, the total outflow reduced by $5195.7m^3$, and the ratio reduced to 11.7%. When the return period was increased from 20 years to 30 and 100 years, the total outflow reduction decreased from 11.7% to 8.0% and 5.1%, respectively. When a runoff coefficient of 0.5 was applied to all the roads under the return period of 20 years, the total outflow reduction was 10.8%; when the return period was increased to 30 and 100 years, the total outflow reduction decreased to 6.5% and 2.9%, respectively. However, unlike in the simple model, for all the cases in the complex model, the peak discharge reductions were less than 1%. CONCLUSIONS : Being one of the techniques for water circulation and runoff reduction, a high reduction for the small return period rainfall event of penetration was obtained by applying permeable pavements instead of impermeable pavement. With the SWMM analysis results, it was proved that changing to permeable pavement is one of the ways to effectively provide water circulation to various green infrastructure projects, and for stormwater management in urban watersheds.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.777-784
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• 2005

도시지역은 불투수층 면적비율이 높아 작은 강우에도 초기유출(first flush)이 강하게 발생하고 유출되는 오염물질 농도도 높다. 도로유출수에는 미세입자물질, 중금속, 유기물질 성분을 다량 함유하고 있다. 도로유출수의 수질과 입자의 유출특성을 파악하고자 교통량이 비교적 많은 도로 2개 지점을 대상으로 총 6회의 강우시료를 채수하여 분석하였다. 2개 조사 지점에서 분석된 도로유출수 수질농도범위는 SS $45{\sim}2,396\;mg/L$, $COD_{Cr}\;40{\sim}931\;mg/L$, TKN $0.1{\sim}19.6\;mg/L$, TP $0.2{\sim}25.1\;mg/L$, Fe $0.33{\sim}8.15\;mg/L$, Cr $0.06{\sim}0.50\;mg/L$, Pb $0.06{\sim}0.97\;mg/L$, Cr $0.01{\sim}0.12\;mg/L$으로 조사되었다. 강우초기의 농도는 극단적으로 높은 특성을 나타내었다. 도로유출수 SS와 상관계수가 높은 수질항목으로는 $COD_{Cr}$, TP, Cu, Pb이고, 상관계수가 가장 낮은 항목으로는 TKN으로 분석되었다. 도로유출수의 입경을 분석한 결과 평균 f3경간의 범위는 $6.7{\sim}23.4\;{\mu}m$이고 90% 입경의 범위는 $36.2{\sim}105.2\;{\mu}m$로 분석되었다. 또한, 입경은 유출량에 비례적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 균등계수를 분석한 결과 평균범위는 $6.4{\sim}10.2$로 입경 분포범위가 크게 나타났다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1353-1359
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• 2007

도시지역 하천으로 직접 배출되는 교량도로 유출수의 수질과 입자의 유출특성을 파악하고자 강우 유출수 시료를 분석하였다. 도로유출수에는 미세입자물질, 중금속, 유기물질 성분을 다량 함유하고 있다. 교통량이 많은 4차선과 6차선 도로 4개 지점을 대상으로 총 7회의 강우 시료를 채수하여 분석하였다. 분석항목은 유량, COD, SS, T-N, T-P, $PO_4-P$ 그리고 입경분포이다. 도로유출수 수질농도 범위는 SS $35\sim2,390$ mg/L, COD $40\sim1,274$ mg/L, T-N $0.03\sim21.25$ mg/L, T-P $0.05\sim4.58$ mg/L으로 조사되었다. 교량도로유출수의 입경을 분석한 결과 $D_{Mean}$값의 범위는 $4.75\sim14.05{\mu}m$이고 $D_{90}$입경의 범위는 $17.33\sim58.15{\mu}m$로 분석되었다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.719-726
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• 2009

One of the alternative runoff management measures is on-site runoff mitigation, such as rainwater retention tank and infiltration facilities especially the latter that is possible to manage simultaneously runoff quality and quantity as a perspective of water-cycle. This study was conducted to develop a particle separator, inclined-pipe settling system, that could improve particle removal efficiency of road runoff as a pre-treatment device of stormwater infiltration. Solid particles larger than $100{\mu}m$ are separated by simple sedimentation; however, the significant amount of pollutants with a diameter less than $100{\mu}m$ remain in suspension. Without any treatment in that case of the runoff into infiltrate, groundwater would be deteriorated and also infiltration rate would be decreased by clogging. Therefore, we suggest optimal design parameters (inclined angle, pipe length, and surface loading rate) of inclined-pipe settling system which can be designed to effectively remove particles diameter smaller then $70{\mu}m$. Thus, the results showed TSS removal efficiency more than 80% with a particle diameter between $20{\mu}m$ and $70{\mu}m$, 100% above particle diameter $70{\mu}m$ for the inflow rate $0.018 m^3/m^2{\cdot}hr$ with pipe inclined at angle $15^{\circ}$.