• 한국가금학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 1997

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects on shelf-life of chilling and packing methods of cold chicken breast and thigh meats. Deboned chicken breast and thigh meats were packed by either vacuum or atmosphere packing method, and stored at -2˚C for 1, 3, 7, 11, 15, and 20 days. The thiobarbituric acid(TBA) values of all treatments were significantly increased as the storage period extended(P<0.05), however, TBA values of all treatments were remark-ably decreased at 15 days. TBA values of immersion chilled and vacuum-packed thigh meats were increased, but no difference between atmosphere and vacuum-packing methods was found. The volatile basic nitrogen(VBN) values at 1 day of storage were low, but they were increased as the storage period extended. The VBN values at 20 days after storage were from 12.25~19.28 mg %. Total bacterial counts tended to increase in all treatments, however, no significant difference was found in any treatment. Total plate counts of breast meat were higher than those of thigh meat as the storage period extended.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2001

In order to investigate the relationship between milk hygienic quality and some environmental factors such as the herd size and types of milking machines, we sampled and examined the level of total bacterial count, coliforms, Staphyococcus aureus, somatic cell counts(SCC) and fat rates in raw milk. of the 84 dairy farms, the prevalence of level on number of standard plate count over 100,000cfu/$m\ell$ and coliforms over 1,000cfu/$m\ell$ in bulk milk were 25.0% and 15.6%, respectively. Also, 2 farms(2.4%) were exceed the level on number of 500cfu/$m\ell$ S aureus in raw milk. The prevalence of dairy herd with first grade of total bacterial count(TBC) according to bucket, pipe line and parlour milking system was 40.0%, 74.0% and 84.0%, respectively. The prevalence of dairy herd with first grade of TBC according to grade 1, 2 and 3 by SCC was 77.8%, 83.2%. and 69.2%, respectively. Therefore, the relationships between hygienic quality in raw milk and the herd size, types of milking machines, were significant. In conclusion, this study could be overemphasized the importance of herd management condition for milk hygienic qualify.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.718-724
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the addition of tomato powder [1.0% (T1), 1.5% (T2) and 2.0% (T3)] on pork loin jerky with aerobic package during storage at room temperature. The T3 sample showed lower (p<0.05) pH value and higher (p<0.05) water activity than the control during storage. Total plate counts of treated samples (${\geq}1.20$ Log CFU/g) were significantly (p<0.05) lower than the control (1.46 Log CFU/g) during storage. With the increase of the tomato powder concentration the lightness ($L^*$) of the jerky decreased, except at day 30 of storage, but the redness ($a^*$) and yellowness ($b^*$) increased significantly (p<0.05) during storage. T3 had higher values for hardness and cohesiveness but lower for springiness, gumminess and chewiness than others at day 40 of storage. However, there were no significant differences in TBARS values among the samples during storage. In sensory properties, the color scores of T3 was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of control at day 40 of storage. These results suggested that 2.0% tomato powder could be used to improve the redness and extend the shelf-life of jerky with increasing water activity, providing the consumer with food containing natural colorant.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate the quality properties of beef jerky replaced salt with soy sauce, red pepper paste, and soybean paste. The quality properties of beef jerky including final water activity ($a_w$), moisture content, pH, color, shear force, total plate counts, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values, and sensory evaluations were investigated. The sliced beef samples were marinated in salt (control), soy sauce (T1), red pepper paste (T2), and soybean paste (T3) for 24 h and then dried at $70^{\circ}C$ for 6-8 h. The water activity of finished beef jerky varied from 0.72 to 0.70. The water activity for control and T1 samples decreased more rapidly as drying proceeded up to 6 h. The samples with salt replacement showed a lower pH and lightness than the control (p<0.05). The T1 sample showed a significant decrease in total plate counts after 21 d of storage (p<0.05). The TBARS for all treatments increased with storage days (p<0.05). The TBARS were significantly lower in T2 and T3 samples compared to control and T1 until 21 d of storage (p<0.05). The samples with salt replacement showed a lower intensity of saltiness than the control. Sensory evaluations found that the replaced soy sauce of beef jerky samples had better overall acceptability scores than the other treatment samples. It was concluded that replacing salt with soy sauce can delay lipid oxidation and enhance the sensory acceptance of beef jerkies.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.465-473
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to evaluate microbiological hazards in the steps of production, transportation and selling of hamburger and sandwich that were marketed in CVS, then to identify methods of control. The reasults are as follows: As the reasult of operation surroundings of manufacturerand reserch of circulation, $4{\sim}6$ hours are needed from manufacturer to CVS. Also transportation car mean temperature was $10^{\circ}C$ which exceeds the standard of $7^{\circ}C$ or below. Hamburger: Critical control points identified were purchasing, cooking, post-preparation, transportation and holding at CVS. As the reasult of microbial analysis following the case of holding methods and reheating at CVS, microbes of cold holding and reheat after cold holding was within standard value. But in the case of room temperature microbes exceeded standard value. Sandwich: Critical control points identified were purchasing, cooking, post-preparation, transportation and holding at CVS. As the reasult of microbial analysis following the case of holding methods and reheating at CVS, total plate counts of cold holding and reheat after cold holding was within standard value. But in the case of room temperature holding after 24 hours total plate counts exceeded standard value. In the case of room temperature holding the number of microbes increased according to the passage of time. As a reasult of food poisoning bacteria, it was negative in every test in sample against V. parahaemolyticus, Salmonella, S. aureus.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.351-360
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• 2002

한국산 수출용 냉장 돈육의 등심 시료를 3개 수출업체(I II III)에서 채취하여 2$^{\circ}C$에서 50일간 저장하면서 5일$\sim$10일 간격으로 9회에 걸쳐 미생물 변화와 관능적 품질특성을 조사하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 저장기간 중 총세균 수 및 대장균군 수 측정은 swab법과 조직절편법을 이용하여 측정한 결과, swab법으로 측정한 균 수가 대체적으로 높은 수준으로 나타났으며, 수출업체 시료간에는 I업체 시료가 저장 50일째까지 가식 수준을 유지한 반면, III업체 시료의 경우 총세균 수는 swab법으로 측정하였을 때 약 15일, 조직절편법으로 측정하였을 때 약 30일째 이후에는 이미 가식 수준을 넘게 나타났다. 대장균군 수도 III업체의 시료가 다른 업체와 비교하였을 때 가장 높은 수준으로 나타났는데, 이것은 수출업체간에 위생관리 상태에 따라 고기 품질 및 유통기간에 큰 차이가 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 따라서 I업체에 비해 위생도가 상대적으로 낮은 것으로 평가된 II업체 및 III업체에서는 도축과 가공 등 각 생산단계별로 더욱 세심한 위생관리체계를 구축하여야 할 필요성이 있을 것으로 판단되었다. 7점 척도묘사평가법으로 관능검사를 실시한 결과 근내지방도는 I업체 시료가 가장 낮았고, 상대적으로 II업체 및 III업체 시료가 높은 것으로 평가되었다. 신선육의 육색, 육즙 및 신선육 풍미는 세 업체 시료간에 차이가 없었으나 III업체 시료에서 전반적인 기호도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 그러나 조리육의 경우 풍미, 이상취, 다즙성, 전반적인 기호도에서 세 업체 시료간에 유의적인 차이는 없었다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.41-43
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• 1995

Dry rehydratable film (Petrifilm) method was compared with the standard pate count (SPC) method for estimation of total bacteria in ginseng products. Ginseng products (7 sample) was analyzed for total count by the SPC, and Petrifilm methods, respectively. In the case of ginseng tea, ginseng extract, ginseng extract pill, ginseng powder capsule, and ginseng extract tea, they showed non-significant values at the 1% level. However, the values of ginseng powder and tablet showed significant at the 1% level. These results generally indicate the suitability of the dry rehydratable film methods as alternatives to the SPC method for estimating of total bacteria in ginseng product samples except to ginseng powder and ginseng tablet.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.59-67
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• 1986

This sanitary survey was carried out to investigate the bacteriological contamination of cooking utensils and foods of moving tavern in eight sample sites of Seoul area. The results of survey were as follows: 1. The counts by means of total bacteria in cooking utensils and food samples by standard plate count method were as follow: $5.6\times10^5$ per gm in dishcloth, $3.1\times10^6$ per ml in dishwater. In food samples, $5.4\times10^5$ per gm in meat was higher than other samples. 2. The average counts total coliform and fecal coliform in samples by MPN method were as follow: $3.4\times10^4$ MPN per 100ml, and $1.3\times10^2$ MPN per 100ml in chopping board, $6.1\times10^4$MPN per gm and $1.0\times10^2$ MPN per gm in dishcloth, $1.8\times10^5$ MPN per 100ml and $6.1\times10^2$ MPN per 100ml in dishwater. In food samples, $3.1\times10^4$MPN per gm and $2.0\times10^2$ MPN per gm in meat was higher than other samples. 3. The counts by means of Pseudomonas in samples by MPN method were as follow: $2.8\times10^3$ MPN per 100ml in chopping board, $4.7\times10^3$ MPN per gm in dishcloth $5.6\times10^3$ MPN per 100ml in dishwater. In food samples, $2.4\times10^3$ MPN per gm in shellfish was higher than other samples. 4. Isolation cases of Food poisoning organisms from samples were as follow: Staphylococci was detected 9 cases $(17.6\%)$ in chopping board, 7 cases $(13.6\%)$ in dishcloth. In food samples, 9 cases $(25.7\%)$ in meat, 1 case $(4\%)$ in fish samples. Salmonella was detected 2 cases $(3.9\%)$ in dishwater, 1 case in meat samples.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.203-207
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• 1996

This experiment was carried out to find out the effects of packing methods on shelf-life and hy-giene of breast and thigh meats in chicken. The carcass weights were about 1.6 kg per bird, and chilled by air spray method. The breast and thigh meats were packed by either vacuum or atmosphere packing methods. Samples were analyzed at 1, 4, 8, 12 and 16 wk after quick freezing at -45˚C for 35 min. Regardless of packing method. The thiobarbituric acid(TBA) values of thigh meats after 1 wk of storage were higher than those of breast meats. The TBA values of both treatments were increased as storage period extended. In addition, the TBA values of vacuum packed meats were lower than those of atmosphere packed meats. The VBN(volatile basic nitrogen) values, regardless of packing method, at 1 wk of storage were higher than those of breast meats. The VBN contents of breast and thigh meats after 16 wk of storage increased markedly, but failed to show significant difference between the two packaging methods. Total plate counts of breast and thigh meats were increased gradually as storage period extended, and the total plate count of breast meat was higher than that of thigh meat. The coliform bacteria were not detected until 16 wk after storage.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.171-177
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to serve a standard of the good quality control and shelf-life of food and beverage served from the vending machines. So it was performed to examine the temperature (internal & external environmental, food itself), pH, Aw, POV and microbiological quality of Adlay tea and Wheat noodles served from the vending machines based on storage time in the machines. They were assessed to find the critical control point(CCP) during each of the production, delivery, purchasing phases from the vending machines. The result of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. The temperature of foods inside the vending machines was ranged from 4$0^{\circ}C$ to 45$^{\circ}C$. It was in the range of dangerous zone. The average temperature of food showed 71$^{\circ}C$ for Adlay tea and 74$^{\circ}C$ for Wheat noodles. As a result of measuring pH and Aw, they had potential danger. 2. Even though POV was low, it increased as the time passed. 3. As a result of microbial analysis, it showed that the amount of total plate count and coliforms were increased ten times after 1 day respectively. Wheat noodles' coliform and total plate counts exceeded standard value in 1 day. As a result of food poisoning bacteria, it was negative in sample against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus.