• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.235-241
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• 2018

This study was conducted to find out the growth pattern of Pinus koraiensis plantation over 34 years, focusing on DBH, height, basal area and allometric change. Total increment (TI), mean annual increment (MAI) and correlation coefficient were calculated and compared with stand and dominants. Total increment and mean annual increment of both DBH and height of dominants were bigger than those of stand. The difference was apparently shown bigger in DBH than height. Unlike DBH and height the total increment and mean annual increment of basal area per hectare of dominants were distinctively smaller than those of stand. Furthermore MAI of dominant was increasing until age 42, while MAI of stand increased at early ages and then gradually decreased after culmination like MAIs of DBH and height. MAIs of basal area of dead trees at each measurement tended to increase until early age (18 years in this study), while it reached a peak and gradually decrease after that (21 years in this study). Correlation coefficient between DBH and height tended to decrease as both dominant and stand age and the difference between dominant and stand was not clearly shown over the measurement period. Correlation coefficients between DBH and crown width tended to decrease as the trees age and correlation coefficients of dominant were clearly shown smaller than that of stand. Correlation coefficients of height and crown width also was found to be similar to correlation coefficients between DBH and crown. Meanwhile correlation coefficient of height and crown width dropped more radically than coefficient of DBH and crown width as the trees age.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.509-516
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• 2014

This study describes a reasonable planning method for water meter replacement which can minimize the metering under-registration for an increasement of revenue water. The increment analysis of real water usage was used to establish a replacement plan. The meter replacement database collected from K City was used as the basis of this analysis. The database included 964 connections of domestic and non-domestic consumers that had their meter replaced by aging at 2011. The result showed that the corelation between unregistered water volume and water meter age was lower than commonly expected where the current criteria of replacement is only water meter age(8 years) excluding the meters older than 13 years. And in the analysis result of water usage for 8 years, the total amount and increment of water usage had a significant effect on unregistered water volume. However the relation was different tendency as a total volume and slope of increment. In case of total water volume was larger than 10,000, larger than 7,000 and increment of 0.0 ~ -0.3, larger than 6,000 and increment more than -0.3 were analysed to need a replacement because of metering under-registration.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권2호
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• pp.160-169
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• 2007

The data used to develop distance-independent individual models for natural mixed forests were collected from 712 remeasured permanent sample plots (25,526 trees) of 10-year periodic from 1990 to 2000 in Baihe Forest Bureau of Changbai Mountains, northeast China. Based on analyzing relationship between diameter increment of individual trees with tree size, competitive status, and site condition, the diameter growth models for individual trees of 15 species growing in mixed-species uneven-aged forest stands, that have simple form, good predicting precision, and easily applicable, were developed using stepwise regression method. The main variables influencing on diameter increment of individual trees were tree size and competition, however, the site conditions were not significantly related with diameter increment. The tree size variables (lnDBH and $DBH^2$) were the most significant and important predictors of diameter growth existing in all 15 growth models. The diameter increment was directly proportional to tree diameter for each species. For the competitive factors in growth model, the relative diameter (RD), canopy closure (P), and the ratio of diameter of subject tree with maximum diameter (DDM) were contributed to the diameter increment at a certain extent. Other measures of stand density, such as basal area of stand (G) and stand density index (SDI), were not significantly influenced on diameter increment. Site factors, such as site index, slope and aspect were not important to diameter increment and excluded in the final models. The total variance explained by the final models of squared diameter increment ($R^2$) for all 15 species ranged from 35% to 72% and these results compared quit closely with those of Wykoff (1990) for mixed conifer stands. Using independent data set, validation measures were evaluated for predicting models of diameter increment developed in this study. The result indicated that the estimated precision was all greater than 94% and the models were suitable to describe diameter increment.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.21-32
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• 1976

The influence of Panax ginseng and Acanthopanax on the metabolism of hens are studied experimentally. The hens are fed with three dose levels of ethanol extract of Panax ginseng and Acanthopanax for 24 months and for comparing, there are control hens and young control hens. The results are as follows. 1. Hemoglobin, hematocrit and erythrocyte sedimentation rate values of hens fed with Panax ginseng and Acanthopanax are not significantly. different from control group. There is tendency of decreasing of erythrocyte sedimentation rate with aging. 2. The serum total lipid values of hens fed with Panax ginseng and Acanthopanax have tendency of increment compared with control group, especially in large dose treated hens of Panax ginseng and it is statistically significant. The serum cholesterol levels of all treated hens seem to be increased without significance statistically. Serum triglyceride level is higher in young hens compared with aged, and Panax ginseng and Acanthopanax treated hens reveal much higher values than control hens. So the increment of triglyceride levels in the Panax ginseng and Acanthopanax treated hens may be mainly contribute to increment of total lipid content. 3. Long-term administration of Panax ginseng and Acanthopanax seem to increase total serum protein content. Such increment seem to be due to the increment of globulin, especially gamma globulin, which is statistically significant in the large dose group of Acanthopanax. There are no differences of serum albumin levels of all the groups. 4. The blood glucose level and the glycogen content of liver and muscle have no difference among all the experimental groups. To summarize the results, the effects of Panax ginseng and Acanthopanax on the metabolism of hens have similarity in the majority of data of this experiment, and seem to be mainly influence to lipid and protein metabolisms by increasing serum triglyceride and globulin, especially gamma globulin.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.120-125
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• 1998

Objectives : The purposes of present study were to identify weight increment in female psychiatric patients during hospitalization and to evaluate the relationship between weight gain and daily calorie intake, daily activity and other variables of disease itself. Methods : 20 patients were studied. Body weight were measured once a week, and daily activity(total amounts of walking/day) and total amount of daily calorie intake were measured twice a week. We examined psychiatric and medical illness history, eating disorders' history and family history of eating disorders and obesity. Results: Mean body weight and Body Mass Index(BMI) at admission are 49.40kg and 19.59kg/$m^2$. Mean weight increment during hospital stays of mean 65 days is 4.90kg. Mean amounts of daily calorie intake and daily activity(daily walks) were increased during hospital stays, but not statistically significant. The degree of weight increment is higher in longer hospital stay group, but not statistically significant. Mean body weight at admission of mood disorder group is higher than that of schizophrenia group, but not statistically significant. Conclusion : This results suggested that weight increment in female psychiatric hospitalized patients is present. However, it is not resulted by amount of calorie intake and daily activity level.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1998년도 하계학술대회 논문집 E
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• pp.1746-1748
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• 1998

In this paper, the relation between the increment of metallic content such as copper(Cu) and iron(Fe) according to degradation of pole-transformer oil and change of electrical characteristics according to increment of metallic content was studied. As the result, electrical characteristics was decrease according to increment of metallic content, especially copper content, and the trend of T.C.G(Total Carbonic Gas) agreed with the trend of copper content.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.349-352
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• 2006

The plastic deformation of polycrystalline materials is induced by changes of the microstructure when the loading is beyond the critical state of stress. Constitutive models for the crystal plasticity have the common objective which relates microscopic single crystals in the crystallographic texture to the macroscopic continuum point. In this paper, a new consistent tangent stiffness for the anisotropic elasto-viscoplastic analysis of polycrystalline deformation is developed, which can be used in the finite element analysis for the slip-dominated large deformation of polycrystalline materials. In order to calculate the consistent tangent stiffness, the state function is defined based on the consistency condition between the elastic and plastic stress. The rate of shearing increment($\Delta{\gamma}^{\alpha}$) is calculated with satisfying the consistency condition. The consistency condition becomes zero when the trial resolved shear stress($\tau^{{\alpha}^*}$) becomes resolved shear stress($\tau^{\alpha}$) at every step. Iterative method is utilized to calculate the rate of shearing increment based on the implicit backward Euler method. The consistent tangent stiffness can be formulated by differentiating the rate of shearing increment with total strain increment after the instant rate of shearing increment converges. The proposed tangent stiffness is applied to the ABAQUS/Standard by implementing in the ABAQUS/UMAT.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.24-29
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• 1983

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 우리나라 중부지방(中部地方)에셔 자생(自生)하고 있는 활엽수(濶葉樹) 천연임분(天然林分)을 대상(對象)으로 몇 개의 주요(主要)한 수종(樹種)을 선택(選澤)하여 그들에 대(對)한 직경(直徑) 성장량(成長量)을 추정(推定) 비교(比較)하였는데 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1) 흉고직경급(胸高直徑級)에 따른 연년직경(連年直徑) 생장량(生長量)은 가래나무, 층층나무, 자작나무, 피나무, 들메나무, 사시나무, 느릅나무 순(順)으로 나타났다. 2) 수령급(樹令級)에 따른 흉고직경(胸高直徑) 총성장량(總成長量)은 가래나무, 층층나무, 자작나무, 피나무, 들메나무, 사시나무, 느릅나무 순(順)으로 나타났다. 3) 타(他) 수종(樹種)에 비(比)하여 가래나무는 성장(成長)이 월등(越等)히 우수(優秀)하였으며, 특(特)히 느릅나무와 사시나무는 성장(成長)의 둔화현상(鈍化現象)이 빨리 나타났다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.9-12
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• 1973

1. 본(本) 조사(調査) 16년생(年生)의 리기다소나무임분(林分)에 대(對)한 재적생장량(材積生長量)과 장래(將來)의 임분재적예측(林分材積豫測) 임분표법(林分表法)에 의하여 추정(推定)한 것이다. 2. 직경성장량(直徑成長量) 조사(調査)는 'Meyer'의 Increment borer법(法)에 의하고 단목재적(單木材積)은 기(旣) 조사(調査)된 V=0.000058 $D^{1.8}{\times}{\cdot}H^{1.1}$의 재적식(材積式)에 의하여 각각(各各) 조사(調査)되었다. 3. 0.33ha의 표준지(標準地)를 설정(設定)하고 표준지내(標準地內) 339본(本)의 임목(林木)에 대(對)하여 95%의 신뢰도(信賴度)로서 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1) 직경(直徑)에 대(對)한 직경연년성장량(直徑連年成長量)의 회귀식(回歸式)은 Y=0.1618 +0.0298x. 이다. 2) 2cm 괄약(括約)의 직경분포(直徑分布)에서 전임목(全林木) 본수(本數)의 약(約) 90%가 완전(完全) 1계급(階級) 진급(進級)을 하였다. 3) 임분재적성장율(林分材積成長率)은 16%의 고도(高度)의 성장율(成長率)을 나타냈다. 4) 5개년간(個年間)의 재적성장량(材積成長量)은 46%의 증가율(增加率) 보이고있다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.227-230
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• 2000

A total of 90 isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis, the causal agent of oriental melon (Cucumis melo var. makuwa) wilt, was isolated from symptomatic tissues of oriental melon from 4 provinces in Korea. These isolates were grouped into vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) by demonstrating heterokaryosis through complementation using nitrate nonutilizing (nit) mutants. No self-incompatibility was observed in any of isolates. All isolates were grouped into 3 VCGs ; A, B, and C. iSOLATES BELONGING TO VCG A and VCG B accounted for 87% and 91% of the fungal population collected in 1991 and 1993, respectively. As the increment of cultivation period in the same field, the proportion of isolates belonging to VCG B increased whereas that of isolates belonging to VCG A decreased. Mean virulence of a total population increased as the increment of cultivation period in the same field. Isolates belonging to VCG B showed the highest increment of virulence. These data suggest that replanting of a host plant in the same field may cause increase of virulence in the pathogens. Furthermore, virulence of F. oxysporum f.sp. melonis isolates is related to the VCGs.