• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.688-696
• /
• 2018

Ginseng and probiotics have anti-obesity effects in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Absorption of ginsenoside and colonization of probiotics occur in the intestine. In this study, a mixture of fermented ginseng and two probiotics, Bifidobacterium longum BORI and Lactobacillus paracasei CH88, was administered to HFD-fed mice for 9 weeks. The mixture significantly suppressed weight gain (p < 0.05, n = 8) and lipid deposition in the liver and adipose tissues as well as increased the mice's food intake. The adipocyte size of the adipose tissue was significantly decreased in the mixture-fed group, especially when 0.5% fermented ginseng and $5{\times}10^8/ml$ of the two probiotics were used (p < 0.05, n = 10). The expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ in adipose tissue was efficiently downregulated in the mixture-fed group (p < 0.05, n = 4). The supplement also improved the mice's fasting blood glucose levels (p < 0.05, n = 8) and total cholesterol feces excretion (p < 0.05, n = 8). The mixture of fermented ginseng and B. longum BORI and L. paracasei CH88 could have an anti-obesity effect and suppress lipid deposit in the liver and adipose tissues.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.21 no.E3
• /
• pp.75-85
• /
• 2005

A mathematical sensitivity analysis of the flow-through dynamic flux chamber technique, which has been utilized usually for various trace gas flux measurement from soil and water surface, was performed in an effort to provide physical and mathematical understandings of parameters essential for the NO flux calculation. The mass balance equation including chemical reactions was analytically solved for the soil NO flux under the steady state condition. The equilibrium concentration inside the chamber, $C_{eq}$, was found to be determined mainly by the balance between the soil flux and dilution of the gas concentration inside the chamber by introducing the ambient air. Surface deposition NO occurs inside the chamber when the $C_{eq}$ is greater than the ambient NO concentration ($C_{0}$) introducing to the chamber; NO emission from the soil occurs when the $C_{eq}$ is less than the ambient NO concentration. A sensitivity analysis of the significance of the chemical reactions of NO with the reactive species (i.e. $HO_{2},/CH_{3}O_{2},/O_{3}$) on the NO flux from soils was performed. The result of the analysis suggests that the NO flux calculated in the absence of chemical reactions and wall loss could be in error ranges from 40 to $85\%$ to the total flux.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2001.07a
• /
• pp.566-569
• /
• 2001

In this paper, we investigated the electrical characteristics through DC power at manufacturing the MIS capacitor insulator AIN thin film based on reactive sputtering method. In case of deposition temperature 250$^{\circ}C$, pressure 5mTorr, total flow rate 8sccm(Ar:4sccm N2:4sccm), AIN thin film was deposited with changing DC power. As DC power increses, resistivity is observed a little increase. When AIN thin film is deposited at 100W, the result shows leakage current 10$\^$-8/A/$\textrm{cm}^2$ at 0.1MV/cm. Otherwise, In case of depositing at 150W and 200W, the result shows that the characteristic of leakage current is under 10$\^$-9//$\textrm{cm}^2$ at 0.1MV/cm. In C-V characteristic with DC power, deep depletion phenomenon is observed at inversion region in 100W and 150W. In 200W, that phenomenon, however, was showed to decrease. It shows that the hysterisis increases with being increasing DC power.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.94 no.2 s.159
• /
• pp.96-102
• /
• 2005

This study evaluated the chemical characteristics of rainfall and throughfall in Pinus koraiensis and Larix leptolepis forests. We analyzed pH, EC, and concentrations of cations and anions in rainfall, throughfall and stemflow collected from both forest types in the experimental forests of the central Korea. The concentrations of chemical elements were much higher in throughfall and stemflow than in rainfall for both forest types, and were significantly different among the seasons. Comparing the chemical elements between the P. koraiensis and L. leptolepis plantations, there were not significantly differences in throughfall, but the concentrations of almost elements of stemflow in P. koraiensis were almost lower than those in L. leptolepis. For seasonal inputs to the forest floor, more than half of the total input of $Ca^{2+}$, ${NO_3}^-$and ${SO_4}^{2-}$ was observed in spring. This suggests that air pollutants such as NOx and SOx accompanying calcium-rich aeolian Yellow Sand (Asian dust) from China could have an important influence on nutrient cycles in Korean forests.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2005.07b
• /
• pp.948-951
• /
• 2005

New technology that reduces photolithography process steps from 4 to 3 in fabrication of TFT LCD is introduced. The core technology for 3mask-TFTs is the lift-off process [1], by which the PAS and PXL layer are formed simultaneously. To evaluate the stability of this lift-off process, outgases from photo resist on a substrate during ITO deposition and the quality of ITO film were analyzed and the conventional photo resist stripper machine which operates lift-off process was examined to see its ability to reduce particle problems of the machine. Through the development of total process and design for TFTs using this 3mask technology, panels in TN and IPS modes which exhibit same performances of a display using a conventional process were achieved. In addition, this process was already verified in the mass production line and now some products are being produced by the 3mask technology.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2003.07b
• /
• pp.995-998
• /
• 2003

This paper presents the deposition of poly-Si thin-film and fabrication of a solar cell by VHF-PECVD method. The poly-Si thin films. and pin-type solar cells are fabricated using multi-chamber cluster tool system. A 7.4% conversion efficiency was achieved from poly-Si thin film solar cells with total thickness less than $5{\mu}m$. The physical characteristic was measured by Raman spectroscopy, solar cell characteristic was measured under AM1.5 illumination.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.95-117
• /
• 2004

This study was conducted to estimate nitrogen discharge from Korea (southern part of Korean peninsula) as NPS(non-point source) by mass balance approach; input and output analyses of nitrogen using existing data available. The material flow was sectored into three different activities; agricultural (raising crop and animals), human and natural activities in forest and urban areas. Atmospheric deposition, biological nitrogen fixation, inorganic fertilizers and manures applied, animal feed and imported foodstuffs such as crops, meat and fish were the inputs in this study, while ammonia volatilization, denitrification, human and animal waste generation, crop and meat production, and discharge into river to ocean were the outputs. The estimated total nitrogen input was $1,194.5{\times}10^3$ tons N/year and the river discharge was 408 to $422{\times}10^3$ tons N/year, of which 66 to 71% was from NPS. In detail, the estimated NPS discharges were respectively $8,274\;kg\;N/km^2$/year from agricultural area, $730\;kg\;N/km^2$/year from forest and $7,657\;kg\;N/km^2$/year from the other land areas such as urban and industrial area.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.507-514
• /
• 2004

A sediment core drilled from Lake langer on King George Island was analyzed for a variety of textural md geochemical properties along with $^{14}C$ age dates. These data were combined with published records of other cores to provide a detailed history of Holocene variation of total organic carbon (TOC) contents with respect to terrestrial paleoclimate change. The lithologic contrast of the lower diamicton and upper fine-grained sediments shows the glacier activity and subsequent lake formation. Low TOC contents fluctuated during the diamicton deposition whereas the increase of TOC began with the lake formation during the postglacial period that started about 5,000 yr B.p More notable are the distinct TOC peaks that may imply enhanced primary productivity during the warm period. The uniform and low TOC contents may reflect the limited productivity during the evolution of the lake. However, the recent TOC readvance clearly indicates gradual warming on King George Island. However, the paleoclimatic signature in the terrestrial lake environment during the Holocene seems to be subtle and less distinct, compared to the marine environment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
• /
• 2002.05a
• /
• pp.13-22
• /
• 2002

This paper presents characteristics of CrOx thin-film Strain gauge pressure sensors, which were deposited on SUS630 diaphragm by DC reactive magnetron sputtering in an argon-Oxide atmosphere(Ar-(10%)$O_2$). The optimized condition of CrOx thin-film strain gauges were thicknessrange of 2500$\AA$ and annealing condition ($350^{\circ}C$, 3 hr) in Ar-10 %$O_2$deposition atmosphere. Under optimum conditions, the CrOx thin-films for strain gauge is obtained a high resistivity, $\rho$=156.7$\mu$$\Omega$cm, a low temperature coefficiect of resistance, TCR=-86 ppm/$^{\circ}C$ and a high temporal stability with a good longitudinal, 15. The output sensitivity of pressure sensor obtained is 2.46㎷/V and the maximum non-linearity is 0.3%FS and hysteresis is less than 0.2%FS. The output characteristics of pressure transmitter obtained is 4~20㎃ and total accuracy is less than $\pm$0.5%FS. In those conclusions, CrOx thin film pressure sensors is quite satisfactory for many applications in industrial electronics.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.660-672
• /
• 2016

In Part I of this paper, the two-temperature homogenized model for the fully ceramic microencapsulated fuel, in which tristructural isotropic particles are randomly dispersed in a fine lattice stochastic structure, was discussed. In this model, the fuel-kernel and silicon carbide matrix temperatures are distinguished. Moreover, the obtained temperature profiles are more realistic than those obtained using other models. Using the temperature-dependent thermal conductivities of uranium nitride and the silicon carbide matrix, temperature-dependent homogenized parameters were obtained. In Part II of the paper, coupled with the COREDAX code, a reactor core loaded by fully ceramic microencapsulated fuel in which tristructural isotropic particles are randomly dispersed in the fine lattice stochastic structure is analyzed via a two-temperature homogenized model at steady and transient states. The results are compared with those from harmonic- and volumetric-average thermal conductivity models; i.e., we compare $k_{eff}$ eigenvalues, power distributions, and temperature profiles in the hottest single channel at a steady state. At transient states, we compare total power, average energy deposition, and maximum temperatures in the hottest single channel obtained by the different thermal analysis models. The different thermal analysis models and the availability of fuel-kernel temperatures in the two-temperature homogenized model for Doppler temperature feedback lead to significant differences.