• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.21-32
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• 2001

Objectives: The aim of this study was to the effect of very low calorie diet with Chegameuiintang to treat obese patients . Methods: We have evaluated 54 obese patients during very low calorie diet with Chegameuiintang weight-reducing regime by determining the body composition before and 1 month, 2 months after treatment by Bioelectrical impedence analysis . Results: In the change of body composition by the treatment, mean weight reduction was 11.59kg(15.57% of initial weight), mean weight reduction after 1month was 7.68kg( 10.31% of initial weight), mean weight reduction after 2 months was 3.91 kg(5.86% of weight after 1 month). Mean reduction in total fat mass was 8.03kg(2914% of the initial fat mass) which constitutes 69.28%. Mean reduction in lean body mass was 3.56kg(7.59%) Conclusions: This study has demonstrated that the compound therapy of very low calorie diet and Chegameuiintang (Tiganyiyiren-tang) is the good way of weight reduction, which reduces total fat mass and preserves lean body mass.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.345-359
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• 1993

This study was conducted to identify the factors related to the blood pressure in school children. The study subjects were 144 boys and 140 girls aged 10 years old, 4th grade student of one elementary school in Taegu City. Blood pressure and 18 variables for 284 school children were measured in May 1992. A weight-for-height index, R$\ddot{o}$hrer index(weight/$height^3$) was calculated for each individual as a measure of obesity. Body fat percent, fat weight, and lean body mass were measured by impedance fat meter(Model SIF-891). Serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, uric acid, total protein, and electrolyte were measured by automated clinical chemistry analyzer(Hitachi 4020). Low-density lipoprotein and atherogenic index were calculated by the equation. The variables assessed were sex, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure. R$\ddot{o}$hrer index, body fat percent, body fat weight, lean body mass, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, uric acid, total protein, serum electrolyte and blood glucose. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures for boys were 104.1mmHg and 66.6mmHg and those for girls were 102.9mmHg and 67.5mmHg. Systolic blood pressure of boys was positively correlated with height, weight, R$\ddot{o}$hrer index, fat weight, lean body mass, and triglyceride. Systolic blood pressure of girls was positively correlated with height, weight, lean body mass, and uric acid. Diastolic blood pressure of boys was positively correlated with weight. R$\ddot{o}$hrer index, and lean body mass. Diastolic blood pressure of girls was positively correlated with height, weight, fat weight, and lean body mass and negatively with total serum protein. In multiple regression analysis for the systolic blood pressure, the significant independent variables were R$\ddot{o}$hrer index and serum sodium in boys, and serum uric acid, fat percent, and R$\ddot{o}$hrer index in girls. In multiple regression analysis of the diastolic blood pressure, the significant independent variables were R$\ddot{o}$hrer index in boys and total serum protein in girls. This study indicated that important factors influencing blood pressure in school children were R$\ddot{o}$hrer index, fat percent, serum sodium, uric acid, and total protein. R$\ddot{o}$hrer index was most important among these. It is recommended to enforce the nutritional education for diet control of obesity to prevent hypertention in children and to adopt healthy life-styles that promote good health and prevent development of cardiovascular risk factors.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.1147-1151
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Polygonati Rhizoma on the diet-induced hyperlipidemia in rats. Rats were divided into 4 groups, normal group(supplied enough water and feeds only), high fat diet administered group(supplied high fat diet for 4 weeks, Control group) and Astragali Radix administered group(supplied high fat diet and Astragali Radix lyophilization extract for 4 weeks, 397.3 mg/kg(rat) in sample A, 662.5mg/kg(rat) in sample B). Body weight, liver weight and serum lipid levels were evaluated. The water extract of Polygonati Rhizoma decreased body weight, liver weight, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and phospolipid in high fat diet induced hyperlipidemia in rats, and increased HDL-cholesterol.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.520-526
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• 2012

Various forms of fermented soybean products are well documented for their health benefits. The efficacy of anti-obesogenic effect of Doenjang, one of the most commonly used seasonings in Korean cuisine, has been reported only in animal models; thus, an evaluation of Doenjang needs to be conducted in human studies. We aimed to test the hypothesis that Doenjang supplementation reduces body weight and changes body composition in overweight adults. A total of 51 overweight adults participated in this study. A group of males with BMI ${\geq}23kg/m^2$ and waist to hip ratio (WHR) ${\geq}$ 0.90, and a group of females with BMI ${\geq}23kg/m^2$ and WHR ${\geq}$ 0.85 were randomly assigned to either a Doenjang supplement (9.9 g dry/day) group or a placebo group for a 12-week randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study. Anthropometric parameters, abdominal fat distribution by computerized tomography (CT) and blood components were measured before and after the intervention period. After the 12-week study, the Doenjang supplementation group had significant reductions in body weight (kg), body fat mass (kg) and body fat (%) compared to the placebo group, the supplementation of Doenjang resulted in a significant reduction in visceral fat ($cm^2$), although no changes were observed in total and subcutaneous fat are as ($cm^2$), serum lipid profiles and dietary intakes. The present study demonstrated that daily supplementation of 9.9 g dry/day of Doenjang for 12 weeks reduces body weight and visceral fat in overweight adults.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.1-22
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• 2014

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between weak children and growth indices. Methods One hundred twenty-six of the first and the second grade elementary school students who didn't have to develop yet their secondary sexual characteristics answered the questionnaire. Their bone age and body composition were measured. Results 1. According to the Weak Children questionnaire analysis, respiratory problem was one of the biggest problems in the weak children group (35.7%), followed by digestive problems (23.0%), psycho-neurological problems (22.2%), neuromotor problems (9.5%), and urogenital problems (8.7%). 2. From the comparison between growth indices of weak children and that of normal children are as follows: 1) The group of children who had problem in their digestive system had lower growth indices than the normal average children group. The growth indices includes mean height, weight, total body water, protein mass, mineral mass, body fat, skeletal muscle mass, body fat percentage, body mass index (BMI), and basal metabolic rate (BMR). 2) The children who had urogenital weakness had lower mean height, RH (Recent Height), RH - MPH {Recent Height(%) - Mid-Parental Height(%)}, RUS (Radius, Ulna and Short bone) score, weight, protein mass, body fat, BMI, and visceral fat than the normal children group. 3. The results of the multiple comparisons of growth indices and weak children groups are as follows: 1) Digestive weak children were the lowest in total body water, protein mass, mineral mass, skeletal muscle mass, and basal metabolic rate. 2) Urogenital weak children were the lowest in height, RH, RH - MPH, RUS score, and weight. Conclusion These results showed that children's growth is strongly correlated to their own growth problems, especially to those children who have digestive and urogenital problems. Therefore, this may be an effective way for children growth treatment in Korean medicine to treat weak symptoms.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.834-839
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• 2002

This study aimed to investigate the effects of chromium picolinatec (CrP) supplementation on the glucose and lipid metabolism of rats. Five-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet fir 110 days and further treated with CrP or placebos for 6 weeks. The effect of CrP supplementation on body weight, blood glucose, insulin and lipid levels was examined. The results suggested that body weight gain was not significantly different between the control and the CrP supplemented group. Plasma glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol levels in the CrP treated group significantly decreased compared to those of the control group (p < 0.05). The total lipid, triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations in the livers of the CrP treated group significantly decreased compared to those of the control group (p < 0.05). These results indicate that supplementation of chromium picolinate ran reduce triglyceride and glucose concentrations in the blood and total lipid and total cholesterol levels in the liver.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.453-463
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• 2009

This study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the weight control program for female college students. The program was composed of diet and behavioral modifications for 8 weeks. A total of 78 participants enrolled the weight control program. Upon completion of the program, 53 participants experienced weight loss and 25 did not. The intakes of carbohydrate and fat were significantly decreased in both groups. However, the total diet quality index-international (DQII) scores as well as individual scores such as variety scores for protein source and adequacy scores for vegetable, fiber, calcium and vitamin C and moderation scores for empty calorie food were increased significantly in weight loss group only. In the weight loss group, weight, BMI, body fat, percent body fat and waist-hip ratio were decreased significantly. In addition, compared to the weight gain group, the weight loss group had higher changes in weight (weight loss group: -2.6% vs weight gain group: 1.5%, p < 0.001), body fat (-6.0% vs 0.0%, p < 0.001), percent body fat (-3.1% vs -0.3%, p < 0.001), waist-hip ratio (-1.0% vs 0.5%, p < 0.001) and BMI (-2.6% vs 1.3%, p < 0.01). There was no difference in blood profiles between the two groups. The changes in DQI-I scores were significantly correlated with the changes in body weight (r = -0.239, p < 0.05) and BMI (r = -0.224, p < 0.05), indicating that effective nutrition education could help improve diet quality leading to successful weight management among female college students.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.8
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• pp.637-648
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the effect of feeding garcinia cambogia extract (HCA) and/or L-carnitine and exercise (swimming) on body weight in rats. Forty-eight male rats (Charles River CD (SD) IGS) of eight weeks old and weighing $323.5\pm2.4g$ were raised for two months with high fat diet ($40\%$ fat as calorie) to induce obesity. After induction of obesity, rats weighing $552.8\pm5.8g$ were blocked into eight groups according to body weight and raised for six weeks with diet containing HCA and/or L-carnitine. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total protein and albumin levels were in normal ranges. Food and calorie intakes of H + C and H + C/H groups were highest among non-exercise (m) groups and exercise (I) groups. Food and calorie intakes of m groups were higher than those of I groups. E groups showed significantly lower body weight gain and calorie efficiency ratio than m groups and H/E group was the lowest among all groups. Perirenal fat pad weights of E groups were lower than m groups, and epididymal fat pad weights of H and H + C groups were lower than CO and C groups among m groups regardless of exercise treatment. Brown adipose tissue weights of I groups were higher than fn groups and highest in H/E group among all groups. Liver citrate lyase activities of H and C groups were lower than CO and H + C groups regardless of exercise treatment. The differences between NE groups and E groups were not found to be significantly. Liver carnitine acyltranferase activity was not significantly different among all groups. Fecal total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol excretions were found to be higher in H and H + C uoups compared to CO and C groups both in NE and E animals, those of lipid excretions of NE groups were higher than E groups. In conclusion, HCA was more effective in reduction of body weight and body fat than L-carnitine or HCA + L-carnitine. HCA ingestion with exercise was far more effective than without exercise treatment in reducing body weight and body fat.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.22-31
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• 2021

Objectives: We conducted a retrospective chart review to investigate the effects of Korean Medicine (KM) treatment on weight loss in patients with morbid obesity (body mass index [BMI]≥30 kg/m²) and to compare the effects of KM counseling and non-counseling on weight loss. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of patients with morbid obesity who received KM treatment for at least 1 month. We evaluated the effects of KM treatment on body weight, BMI, body fat, fat mass, EuroQol-5D, and the Korean version of the obesity-related quality of life scale (KOQOL). We also assessed the liver and kidney functions, and adverse events. We performed a comparative analysis between the counseling and non-counseling groups. Results: A total of 37 patients who underwent 4 weeks of KM treatment involving Wolbi-tang, electroacupuncture, and KM counseling were included in this study. Twenty-one patients were assigned to the counseling group and sixteen patients to the non-counseling group. There was a significant decrease in weight, BMI, fat mass, and KOQOL (P<0.05) with improvements in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides. The counseling group had a greater reduction in body weight, BMI, body fat, and fat mass compared to the non-counseling group, although it was not significant. In the BMI below 35 (n=25), the reduction ratio of body weight, body fat mass, and body fat was higher in the counseling group than in the non-counseling group; additionally, body fat decreased significantly in counseling group (P<0.05). No severe adverse effects were observed. Conclusion: KM treatment could be effective for weight loss, especially in patients with morbid obesity, KM counseling could also be a good tool for weight loss, typically in patients with BMI<35 kg/m².

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.246-252
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• 2011

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) models must be validated against a reference method in a representative population sample before they can be accepted as accurate and applicable. The purpose of this study was to compare the eight-electrode BIA method with DEXA as a reference method in the assessment of body composition in Korean adults and to investigate the predictive accuracy and applicability of the eight-electrode BIA model. A total of 174 apparently healthy adults participated. The study was designed as a cross-sectional study. FM, %fat, and FFM were estimated by an eight-electrode BIA model and were measured by DEXA. Correlations between BIA_%fat and DEXA_%fat were 0.956 for men and 0.960 for women with a total error of 2.1%fat in men and 2.3%fat in women. The mean difference between BIA_%fat and DEXA_%fat was small but significant (P < 0.05), which resulted in an overestimation of $1.2{\pm}2.2$%fat (95% CI: -3.2-6.2%fat) in men and an underestimation of $-2.0{\pm}2.4$%fat (95% CI: -2.3-7.1%fat) in women. In the Bland-Altman analysis, the %fat of 86.3% of men was accurately estimated and the %fat of 66.0% of women was accurately estimated to within 3.5%fat. The BIA had good agreement for prediction of %fat in Korean adults. However, the eight-electrode BIA had small, but systemic, errors of %fat in the predictive accuracy for individual estimation. The total errors led to an overestimation of %fat in lean men and an underestimation of %fat in obese women.