• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.192-203
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• 2004

The effects of temperatures, starvation, and kind of foods on growth, RNA/DNA ratio and protein contents during metamorphosis and early juvenile stage of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) were examined. During metamorphosis, warm-acclimated fish showed higher RNA and DNA content than those of the cold-acclimated fish, excepting H stage (28 DAH) at which the ratio was higher at cold temperature. RNA/DNA ratio during metamorphosis showed similar values at two temperatures tested. However, after 42 DAH warm-acclimated juveniles had higher DNA content compared with cold-acclimated fish, resulted in marked decreases in RNA/DNA ratios. Higher RNA content at H stage of cold-acclimated fish was consistent with an increase in protein content. Growth of fish rearing at warm temperature was higher than those of fish at cold temperature during all experiments. In starvation experiment, contents of DNA, RNA and protein significantly decreased. Even though there were no significant differences in total length (TL) and body weight between the live mysid-fed and artificial pellet-fed fish at 35 mm TL, both RNA/DNA and protein/DNA ratios of the former group was significantly higher than those of the latter due primarily to lower DNA content of the live mysid-fed group. The results from this study suggest that temperature, starvation and kind of foods should be considered when RNA/DNA ratio applied to assessing the cultured larval and juvenile fish condition.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.17.1-17.13
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• 2021

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer in women all over the world and accounts for ~25% of newly observed cancers in women. Epigenetic modifications influence differential expression of genes through non-coding RNA and play a crucial role in cancer regulation. In the present study, epigenetic regulation of gene expression by in-silico analysis of histone modifications using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) has been carried out. Histone modification data of H3K4me3 from one normal-like and four breast cancer cell lines were used to predict miRNA expression at the promoter level. Predicted miRNA promoters (based on ChIP-Seq) were used as a probe to identify gene targets. Five triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)-specific miRNAs (miR153-1, miR4767, miR4487, miR6720, and miR-LET7I) were identified and corresponding 13 gene targets were predicted. Eight miRNA promoter peaks were predicted to be differentially expressed in at least three breast cancer cell lines (miR4512, miR6791, miR330, miR3180-3, miR6080, miR5787, miR6733, and miR3613). A total of 44 gene targets were identified based on the 3'-untranslated regions of downregulated mRNA genes that contain putative binding targets to these eight miRNAs. These include 17 and 15 genes in luminal-A type and TNBC respectively, that have been reported to be associated with breast cancer regulation. Of the remaining 12 genes, seven (A4GALT, C2ORF74, HRCT1, ZC4H2, ZNF512, ZNF655, and ZNF608) show similar relative expression profiles in large patient samples and other breast cancer cell lines thereby giving insight into predicted role of H3K4me3 mediated gene regulation via the miRNA-mRNA axis.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.15.1-15.16
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• 2022

Foreign molecules, including viruses and bacteria-derived toxins, can also induce airway inflammation. However, to the best of our knowledge, the roles of these molecules in the development of airway inflammation have not been fully elucidated. Herein, we investigated the precise role and synergistic effect of virus-mimicking double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in macrophages and epithelial cells. To identify cytokine expression profiles, both the THP-1-derived macrophages and BEAS-2B epithelial cells were stimulated with dsRNA or SEB. A total of 21 cytokines were evaluated in the culture supernatants. We observed that stimulation with dsRNA induced cytokine production in both cell types. However, cytokine production was not induced in SEB-stimulated epithelial cells, compared to the macrophages. The synergistic effect of dsRNA and SEB was evaluated observing cytokine level and intracellular phospho-signaling. Fifteen different types were detected in high-dose dsRNA-stimulated epithelial cells, and 12 distinct types were detected in macrophages; those found in macrophages lacked interferon production compared to the epithelial cells. Notably, a synergistic effect of cytokine induction by co-stimulation of dsRNA and SEB was observed mainly in epithelial cells, via activation of most intracellular phosphor-signaling. However, macrophages only showed an accumulative effect. This study showed that the type and severity of cytokine productions from the epithelium or macrophages could be affected by different intensities and a combination of dsRNA and SEB. Further studies with this approach may improve our understanding of the development and exacerbation of airway inflammation and asthma.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.7-25
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• 1980

본 연구는 뽕나무 품종별 그리고 추기수확시기 및 방법에 따르는 내한성의 정도와 내한성에 영향을 미치는 지조의 함유성분량과의 관계를 조사하여, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 뽕나무 품종별 내한성은 용천추우, 자천 강원 3호 및 시평이 가장 강하였고, 노상, 개양서반, 유전 및 구상28호가 중간정도이었으며, 일지뢰, 모상, 구상21호 및 수원상3호가 가장 약한 품종에 속하였다. 2. 추기수확시기 및 방법과 잔엽부위에 따른 동아 50％ 치사온도에 의한 내한성 검정결과는 포장에서의 선고장비율과 부의 상관관계(r=-0.5＊)를 나타내었다. 뽕나무의 내한성 증대작용은 9월초부터 9월말까지 계속되며, 9월 중순에 그 정도가 가장 커서 이때의 적엽은 내한성을 약화시켰으며, 특히 전적엽 및 수확 후 기부잔엽을 내한성을 크게 약화시키었다. 그러나 적심 처리를 하면 내한성을 약화를 줄일 수 있었다. 3. 품종별 지조의 성분함량과 내한성과의 관계를 보면 조단백질 및 수용성 단백질함량은 부의 상관관계(r=-0.70＊)이었으나, 이들에 대한 전탄수화물의 함량비에서는 정의 상관관계(각각 r=0.31 및 r=0.71＊)이었으며, 당 및 RNA 함량과도 높은 정의 상관관계(각각 r=0.67＊ 및 r=0.99＊＊)가 인정되었다. 그러나 건물률, 지방. 전탄수화물함량 및 DNA함량과는 무관하였다. 4. 뽕나무 지조에는 동기에 raffinose, lactose, sucrose, glucose, fructose. arabinose, xylose, ribose (추정) rhamnose등 9종의 당류가 동정되었다. 이들 당류는 내한성과 깊을 관련을 갖는데, 특히 당의 대부분을 차지하는 sucrose, glucose 및 fructose의 함량차가 크게 영향 하였다. 5. 추기수확시기에 따라서는 9월 12일 전적엽구의 지조내 RNA함량의 심한 감소를 제외하고는 고 시기가 늦어지는데 따라서 그 함량이 증가하였다. 수확방법에 따라서는 전반적으로 수확을 하게 되면 RNA함량이 감소되었으나 적심잔엽을 하면 그 감소를 줄일 수 있었다. 수확 후 잔엽부위별로 보면 중상부의 잔엽은 지조내 RNA함량을 증가시켰고, 상부의 말숙엽과 하부의 노령 옆을 잔엽하면 그 함량이 감소되었다. 수확방법에 따른 RNA함량과 내한성과는 꼭 일치하지는 않았으나, 정의 상관관계가 인정되었다.(r=0.51＊).

• 미생물학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.14-20
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• 1966

1. Uniformly $^{32}P$-labeled Chlorella cells were further grown in a standard "cold" medium and aliquots of the algal cells were taken out at the beginning of, and at intervals during the culture, and subjected to analyze the contents of $^{32}$ P and total P in various fractions of the cell constituents. 2. When the $^{32}P$--labeled algae were grown in a normal "cold" medium, the P-contents in the fractions of DNA and protein increased. In the meantime the $^{32}P$- in acid-insoluble polyphosphate fraction decreased considerably, while that in RNA-polyphosphate complex significantly increased. 3. It was inferred that, under the experimental conditions of the present study, the phosphorus in polyphosphate seems to be transferred to RNA polyposphate complex and the phosphorus used in the synthesis of DNA and protein was, directly or indirectly, taken from those fractions above.ose fractions above.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.186-191
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• 2001

Vitellogenin (VTG) and VTG mRNA induction by $estradiol-17\beta\;(E_2)$ were examined in the primary cultures of hepatocyte in the rainbow trout. Hepatocytes were precultured for 2 days, then $E_2$ was added and cultured for another 5 days. Media and hepatocytes were then analyzed by electrophoresis and Northern blotting for VTG and VTG mRNA, respectively. The hepatocytes were formed a few aggregates within 5 days without further spreading to a monolayer. Cell viability and high DNA content were maintained during the incubation. The hepatocyte culture with E2 induced a weak VTG band at a molecular weight of 175kDa on Day 2 after $E_2$ addition. The relative amount of VTG was expressed in percentage of total protein concentrations. VTG was gradually increased as $1.9\%$ on Day 2, $6.3\%$ on Day 4 and $7.3\%$ on Day 5. VTG mRNA band was detected at about 6.6 kb in the culture with $E_2$ at day 1 of culture. The level of VTG mRNA expression linearly increased with time until Day 5 (r=0.97).

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2013

The monthly variations of blood characteristics and RNA/DNA of black sea bream, Acanthopagrus schlegeli, habituated in Geojae costal area were analysed to determine health condition of natural stocks in terms of gonad maturation and spawning season from March 2010 to February 2011. Spawning season determinated by gonadosomatic index is from June to August. RNA/DNA ratio of black sea bream muscle was strongly correlated with spawning season. During the gonad maturation RNA/DNA ratio in dorsal muscle tissue was decreased contrast to rapid increase during spawning season. Blood composition factors increased in terms of gonad maturation are aspartate aminotransferase, cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, glucose, globulin, alkaline phosphatase and inorganic phosphate. Other blood factors increased during spawning season are alanine aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid and lactate dehydrogenase.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.482-489
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• 2017

Individual differences in drug responses are associated with genetic and epigenetic variability of pharmacogene expression. We aimed to identify the relevant miRNAs which regulate pharmacogenes associated with drug responses. The miRNA and mRNA expression profiles derived from data for normal and solid tumor tissues in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network. Predicted miRNAs targeted to pharmacogenes were identified using publicly available databases. A total of 95 pharmacogenes were selected from cholangiocarcinoma and colon adenocarcinoma, as well as kidney renal clear cell, liver hepatocellular, and lung squamous cell carcinomas. Through the integration analyses of miRNA and mRNA, 35 miRNAs were found to negatively correlate with mRNA expression levels of 16 pharmacogenes in normal bile duct, liver, colon, and lung tissues (p<0.05). Additionally, 36 miRNAs were related to differential expression of 32 pharmacogene mRNAs in those normal and tumorigenic tissues (p<0.05). These results indicate that changes in expression levels of miRNAs targeted to pharmacogenes in normal and tumor tissues may play a role in determining individual variations in drug response.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.209-214
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• 2011

Although the function and utility of RNA transcripts derived from matured spermatozoa remains unclear, they might play important roles in the establishment of a paternal genome and subsequently embryo development. Herein, we investigated the expression of X-chromosome linked RNA transcripts in matured bovine spermatozoa. The total RNA was extracted from the matured spermatozoa, and then converted to cDNA. Autosomal genes (ACT-${\beta}$ and H-2A) and X-chromosome linked genes (ANT3, HPRT, MeCP2, RPS4X, XIAP, XIST and ZFX) were analyzed for the characterization of X-chromosome linked RNA transcripts and compared to female fibroblasts by RT-PCR. The transcripts of autosomal genes (ACT-${\beta}$ and H2A) and X-chromosome linked genes (ANT3, HPRT, MeCP2, RPS4X and ZFX) were not detected in spermatozoa. However, XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein) and XIST (X-chromosome inactive-specific transcript, a kind of paternal imprinted gene) transcripts were detected in spermatozoa, and relative levels of XIAP and XIST transcripts were similar and 0.5-fold lower when compared to female fibroblasts, respectively. Based on the findings, it is summarized that the presence of RNA transcripts of XIAP and XIST in the isolated spermatozoa may imply their role in inhibition of apoptosis and induction of X-chromosome inactivation in embryo development.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.435-438
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• 2006

In eukaryotes, ER stress induces UPR (unfolded protein response) via IRE1 activation which sends a molecular signal for XBP1 mRNA splicing in the cytosol. During this mRNA splicing, 23 nt removed in which contains PstI site and then resulting XBP1 product is not digested with PstI restriction enzyme. In this study, using this XBP1 mRNA splicing mechanism, the effect of heat shock on thyrocytes is studied, because heat shock response in the thyrocytes needs more study to understand thyroid physiology under alternative environments. ER inducible drugs (tunicamycin, DTT, $Ca^{2+}$ ionopore A23187, BFA) induce ER stress in the thyrocytes. From 3 hours after heat shock, ER stress is induced and which is reversible when heat shock is without. While $Ca^{2+}$ ionopore A23187 is reversible from ER stress by washing out the drug, thapsigagin is irreversible. Other ER inducible drugs are not so sensitive to ER stress repairing. XBP1 mRNA splicing in a cell is very available method to detect ER stress. It needs only a small quantity of total RNA and processing also very easy.