• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.449-457
• /
• 2009

Total PCBs (62 congeners) has been determined in the retailed foods by the isotopic dilution method and the exposure assessment has been performed. Put into a food sample $^{13}C$-labeled standard for recovery was added and then it was extracted, cleaned-up by multi-layer column chromatography and then analyzed by HRGC/MS. The average levels (ng/g) detected was 0.1 for rice, 1.8~3.4 for meats, 0.3~3.7 for milk and dairy products, 10.0 for egg and 0.8~34.4 for fishes. Distribution of total PCBs was in order of fishes (94.4%) > meats (2.3%) > eggs (1.7%) > milk and dairy products (1.3%) > rice (0.3%). The estimated daily intake(EDI) was 14 ng/kg bw/day. It was concluded that there was no health risk at all.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2023

Purposes: It is very important to establish a clinical data warehouse based on a common data model to offset the different data characteristics of each medical institution and for drug surveillance. This study attempted to establish a clinical data warehouse for Dankook university hospital for drug surveillance, and to derive the main items necessary for development. Methodology/Approach: This study extracted the electronic medical record data of Dankook university hospital tracked for 9 years from 2013 (2013.01.01. to 2021.12.31) to build a clinical data warehouse. The extracted data was converted into the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model (Version 5.4). Data term mapping was performed using the electronic medical record data of Dankook university hospital and the standard term mapping guide. To verify the clinical data warehouse, the use of angiotensin receptor blockers and the incidence of liver toxicity were analyzed, and the results were compared with the analysis of hospital raw data. Findings: This study used a total of 670,933 data from electronic medical records for the Dankook university clinical data warehouse. Excluding the number of overlapping cases among the total number of cases, the target data was mapped into standard terms. Diagnosis (100% of total cases), drug (92.1%), and measurement (94.5%) were standardized. For treatment and surgery, the insurance EDI (electronic data interchange) code was used as it is. Extraction, conversion and loading were completed. R language-based conversion and loading software for the process was developed, and clinical data warehouse construction was completed through data verification. Practical Implications: In this study, a clinical data warehouse for Dankook university hospitals based on a common data model supporting drug surveillance research was established and verified. The results of this study provide guidelines for institutions that want to build a clinical data warehouse in the future by deriving key points necessary for building a clinical data warehouse.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.74-97
• /
• 2005

IDEF0 is the IEEE standard for functional enterprise modeling and has been used for business process modeling or process mapping in US and Europe. But it does not reflect the potential benefits of modeling and simulation of the dynamic aspects of an enterprise or a system. On the other hand, simulation tools concentrate mostly on the simulation of material flows and are difficult to include information flows and control flows. Additionally, the simulation models that include elements such as queues, event generators and process nodes is a visual interactive representation for the model builder, but is inconvenient for the domain expert. In an attempt to fill that void, we provide an integration of business process and simulation models in this paper. An enhancement of the IDEF0, called parameterized IDEF0, is proposed and its conversion mechanism to network simulation model is developed. Using this methodology, business process models for alternative systems can be evaluated and compared through simulation on time, cost, and quality metrics. As an application of the proposed methodology, economic evaluation of EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) for time-based BPR (Business Process Redesign) is demonstrated. In addition to BPR, the developed methodology may be further integrated with ABC (Activity Based Costing), TQM (Total Quality Management), and economic evaluation of information systems.

• Advances in environmental research
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.241-254
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the levels of heavy metals in twelve species of vegetables and assessment of health risk. Samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The ranges of Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd and Pb in vegetables species were 0.37-5.4, 0.03-17, 0.35-45, 0.01-2.6, 0.001-2.2, and 0.04-8.8 [mg/kg, fresh weight (fw)], respectively. The concentrations of As, Cd and Pb in most vegetable species exceeded the maximum permissible levels, indicating unsafe for human consumption. Health risks associated with the intake of these metals were evaluated in terms of estimated daily intake (EDI), and carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks by target hazard quotient (THQ). Total THQ of the studied metals from most of the vegetables species were higher than 1, indicated that these types of vegetables might pose health risk due to metal exposure. The target carcinogenic risk (TR) for As ranged from 0.03 to 0.48 and 0.0004 to 0.025 for Pb which were higher than the USEPA acceptable risk limit (0.000001) indicating that the inhabitants consuming these vegetables are exposed to As and Pb with a lifetime cancer risk. The findings of this study reveal the health risks associated with the consumption of heavy metals through the intake of selected vegetables in adult population of Bangladesh.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.3-24
• /
• 2010

This study aims to identify the determinants on the implementation level of e-Trade of Chinese exporters in Shandong Province, China. From the review of previous studies, a research model and six hypotheses were set up and tested by the multiple regression analysis with total 127 effective survey data. Among the company characteristics, the company size was statistically significant to the utilization range and the utilization level. But unlike former studies in Korea, the utilization range showed the (-) mark. On the other hand, the innovative attitude of CEO didn't show statistical significance to both the utilization range and the utilization level. Among the information characteristics, the IT infrastructure was not statistically significant to both the utilization range and the utilization level. On the other hand, the education and training of technical personnel didn't have a significant effect on the utilization range, but it had a statistically significant effect on the utilization level. Among the external environment, the intensity of competition had a statistically significant effect on both the utilization range and the utilization level. In summary, the implementation level of e-Trade of Chinese exporters in Shandong Province, China is still behind that of Korea. But the fact that the small and medium-sized Chinese exporters are using Internet more actively than large companies suggests some implications for those of Korea.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.66-75
• /
• 2024

Heavy metals are naturally found in the ecosystem, and their presence in the freshwater river is increasing through anthropogenic activities which pose a threat to living beings. In this study, heavy metal concentrations (Zn, Mn, Cu, Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, and Ni) in different organs (muscle, skin, and gill) of fish from the Padma River were evaluated to quantify, and compare the contamination levels and related human health risks. The results revealed that the heavy metal concentrations in the water, surface sediments, and fish taken from the Padma River were far below the WHO/USEPA's permitted limits. The estimated daily intake (EDI) value in muscle was less than the tolerable daily intake (TDI). The target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard indexes (HI) were less than 1, showing that consumers face no non-carcinogenic risk (CR). CR values of Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Ni ranged from 4.00 × 10^-8 to 6.35 × 10^-6, less than 10^-4, and total carcinogenic risk (CRt) values ranged from 9.85 × 10^-6 to 1.10 × 10^-5, indicating some pose a CR from consumption of those fish from the Padma River. To establish a more accurate risk assessment, numerous exposure routes, including inhalation and cutaneous exposure, should be explored.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.379-388
• /
• 2016

High school and college students majoring in dance have different types of stress because of their different circumstances and goals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between multidimensional perfectionism and eating disorder in high school and college students who are majoring in dance. Questionnaires for eating disorder (Eating Disorder Inventory-2(EDI-2) made by Garner (1990) and adapted by Lee (1998)) and multidimensional perfectionism (Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale(F-MPS) made by Frost (1990) and translated by Hyun (1992) were utilized after the sentences in the questionnaires were partially revised and (rendered more appropriate for?) the purpose of this study. The questionnaires were completed by all of the subjects (n=250), but 32 of them were excluded due to insincere answers. Thus, a total of 218 questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. The results showed that the students with a higher education level and who were more career oriented were more likely to suffer from multidimensional perfectionism and eating disorder. In addition, multidimensional perfectionism (concern about mistakes, constant personal and parental expectation) resulted in the development and maintenance of eating disorder for the students majoring in dance. In conclusion, higher education level and greater career orientation induce greater stress in dance major students and cause them to have an incorrect physical image. Thus, these factors may cause higher psychological pressure leading to multidimensional perfectionism and eating disorder. Therefore, these students need to know how to correctly manage their body weight and how to prevent eating disorder.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.73-86
• /
• 1999

The ion-exchange method for the purification of primary coolant has been used broadly in PWR(pressurized water reactor)-type nuclear power plants due to its high decontamination efficiency, simple system, and easy operation. However, its non-selective removal of metal and non-radionuclides shortens its life, resulting in the generation of a large amount of waste ion-exchange resin. In this study, the feasibility of electrodeionization (EDI) was investigated for the purification of primary cooling water using synthetic solutions under various experimental conditions as an alternative method for the ion exchange. The results shows that as the feed flow-rate increased, the removal efficiency increased and the power consumption decreased. The removal rate was observed as a 1000 decontamination factor(DF) at a nearly constant level. For the synthetic solution of 3 ppm TDS (Total Dissolved Solid), the power consumption was 40.3 mWh/L at 2.0 L/min of feed flow rate. The higher removal rate of metal species and lower power consumption were obtained with greater resin volume per diluting compartment. However, the flow rate of the EDI process decreased with the elapsed time because of the hydrodynamic resistivity of resin itself and resin fouling by suspended solids. Thus, the ion-exchange resin was replaced by an ion-conducting spacer in order to overcome the drawback. The system equipped with the ion-conducting spacer resolved the problem of the decreasing flow rate but showed a lower efficiency in terms of the power consumption, the removal rate of metal species and current efficiency. In the repeated batch operation, it was found that the removal efficiency of metal species was stably maintained at DF 1000.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.519-524
• /
• 2000

This study has been carried out to estimate the amount of the daily intake on artificial sweetener(aspartame and sodium saccharin) and antioxidants(propyl gallate, BHA, BHT and TBHQ) in food consumed by Korean. The mean daily intake for each food item were obtained from the report of National Nutrition Survey carried by Ministry of Health and Welfare in 1997. The contents of artificial sweetener and antioxidants have been analyzed by HPLC. Aspartame was detected on 22 of 239 samples in the range of $33.4{\sim}3308.0\;mg/kg$, sodium saccharin was detected on 6 of 115 samples in the range of $8.3{\sim}41.8\;mg/kg$. BHA(204.9 mg/kg) was detected in Chewing gum only. Total estimated daily intake(EDI) of each additives per capita per day are as follows; 2.336 mg/person/day for aspartame, 0.259 mg/person/day for sodium saccharin and 0.002 mg/person/day for BHT. These values were less than 1% of FAO/WHO's acceptable daily intake(ADI).

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.453-462
• /
• 2011

This study was carried out to survey the residual characteristics of pesticides and assess their safety. Nineteen agricultural commodities, collected from wholesale and traditional markets in Cheongju. Nineteen agricultural commodities including perilla leaves were collected from the markets on October 29th, 2010. Total 240 pesticides which can be analyzed by multiresidue analysis method by GLC and HPLC were monitored and the pesticides detected were confirmed by GC-MSD and LC-MS. Five pesticides, alachlor, bifenthrin, endosulfan, procymidone and triflumizole, were detected from five samples, such as welsh onion, leek and celery in case of wholesale market and perilla leaves and welsh onion in case of traditional market. Detection rate of 13.2% was obtained as a result of pesticide analysis but 2.6% of the pesticides detected exceeded their maximum residue limits. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) and maximum permissible intakes (MPIs) of the pesticides detected were less than 26% and 0.05% of their acceptable daily intakes (ADIs) respectively, representing that residue levels of the pesticides detected would be safe.