• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.115-126
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of older women's torso shapes. The data was collected from the 7th Size Korea, which featured 453 women between the ages of 70-85. A factor analysis was performed of 31 indices, including seventeen based on height and length measurements, eight based on circumference measurements, and six based on torso flattening. The torso shape was determined from seven factors: torso flatness ratio, shape of the side upper torso, vertical size of upper torso, silhouette of the torso, silhouette of the bust and abdomen, shape of the hip, and the vertical size of the back of upper torso. The torso shapes of older women were classified into three types based on the results of the factor analysis. Type 1 is called the large rectangle type. They have the lowest degree of forward bend in the torso, the largest vertical and horizontal size, a round body shape, and the upper torso is gently curved. Type 2 is called the inverted triangle type. They also have a round body shape, but the abdominal size is relatively small compared to the size of the bust, and also have an open and drooping bust, and the biggest degree of forward bend in the torso. Type 3 is called the square type. They are characterized by drooping hips, the smallest vertical and horizontal sizes, and the gentlest curve of the torso.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.165-179
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• 2019

This study used 3D body scan data to classify body shapes according to the torso shape of adult males aged 20-75 years. This data will be provided so that the apparel industry can make apparel products corresponding to body characteristics by age. The study used 1,796 adult males between the ages of 20 and 75 and the 3D body shape data of the '5th Research on National Standard Anthropometry'. For data analysis, the program SPSSWIN Ver. 17.0 was used to calculate the mean and frequency allowing for a factor analysis, cluster analysis, analysis of variance, and Duncan test. To classify body shape according to the torso shape of adult males, this study considered nine factors: 'horizontal size of torso,' 'vertical size of body,' 'curve of torso and waist-abdomen flatness ratio,' 'length of torso,' 'shape of neck area,' 'degree of lateral curve,' 'difference between front and back interscye length,' 'shoulder armscye shape,' and 'chest flatness ratio.' Based on the results of the factor analysis, the torso shapes of adult males were classified into five types. Type 1 is "upright body with flat, curvy shape", Type 2 is "curve sway back body type", Type 3 is "flat, abdominally obese body", Type 4 is "obese, crooked body" and Type 5 is "thick sway front body type." named.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1426-1437
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• 2004

The study has an objective of providing the basic data for the bodice basic pattern that is highly appropriate after classifying the torso shapes of women in 60s. In order to classify the torso shape, 200 women in 60s that reside in Seoul were investigated for 52 tests. The factor analysis produced total of 6 factors. Factor 1 tended to be posture of upper part of torso and shape of shoulder. Factor 2 was an element of silhouette and Factor 3 was vertical size of lower part of torso and side silhouette. Factor 4 showed to be width and thickness of torso, Factor 5 was shape of neck, and Factor 6 appeared to be sagging of belly and buttocks. Therefore, it can be known that posture, silhouette, shape of neck and shoulder, sagging of belly and buttocks, and etc. are important factors for classification of the torso shape of women in 60s. Through a cluster analysis, each torso shape was classified into 4 types and each type showed information on size, shape, and posture clearly. Type 1 showed percentage of 24.2%, and values of height and weight showed to be average. Also, the body shape hardly had any curve with high shoulder at the Posture of upper body, and they had saggy stomach and buttocks. 43.5% of them were involved in Type 2 and they were short and overweighted. They were comparatively large in width compared to the height with no curves. Type 2 had the largest percentage and this can be said to be the special shape of women in 60s. People of Type 3 were short and overweighted just like Type 2 and all the sizes were similar to those of Type 2 or bigger. The posture is right posture and 21.7％ fall into this type and there is no body curve. This type is the shortest and most overweighted type, and it is a torso shape with right posture just like Type 4. Type 4 is a torso shape with tallest height and least weight. The percentage was the smallest(10.6％) and the width was smaller than any other type but the height was the tallest. The body curve is very clear and they have thin body but big buttocks so it can be said that the people of this type have the best silhouette. Type 2 that had the highest percentile is short and overweighted so it can be said that Type 2 is the representative torso shape of women in 60s.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.42
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• pp.163-172
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to classify the types of torso of adult females using the tight fitting technique and pattern development figure. The subjects are 106 females of 19 to 24 years old. 59 different items are measured from body surface development and analyzed by factor analysis and cluster analysis. The results are as follows; 1. Eight somatotype factors are obtained through factor analysis and orthogonal rotation by the method of Varimax Factor 1 is the length of upper body factor 2 the length of lower body factor 3 the circumference and width of the back of upper body factor 4 the circumference and width of front torso factor 5 the dart type of the back of upper body factor 6 the size of the back neck factor 7 the type of the front shoulder and factor 8 the size of the back arm hole. 2. As a result of cluster analysis the somatotype of torso is classified into 5 types. Type 1 is normal in length circumference and width of upper body. Type 2 is shortest length circumference and width of torso. Type 3 is long in length circumference and width of torso. Type 4 is normal length and short in circumference and width especially short in bust circumference. Type 5 is longest in length circumference and width of torso.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.561-576
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to classify the upper torso body types of obese Korean adult women using the 7th Korea National Anthropometric Study data and compare the body type differences according to three age groups: 20s~30s, 40s~50s, and 60s. A total of 548 adult women whose BMI was in the obese range of 25 or higher and whose age ranged from 20s to 60s were selected from the anthropometric database. Twenty-nine body measurements related to torso and arm areas important for torso and sleeve pattern development were chosen. Five drop values by differences between bust, waist, and hip circumferences were also chosen for analysis. The number of obese women increased with age. The results revealed seven factors according to the factor analysis and three obese body types based on the cluster analysis. Body type 1 (47.3% of obese women) was characterized by narrow shoulders, a small or medium torso, and a straight waist. Body type 2 (42.4% of obese women) was characterized by a defined waist and a larger lower torso than upper torso. Body type 3 (10.3% of obese women), the largest obese body type among the three types, was characterized by a large bust, large abdomen area, and long upper torso. Women in their 20s to 30s were most likely to have body type 2, women in their 40s to 50s were evenly distributed between body types 2 and 3, and women in their 60s were most likely to have body type 1.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2024

This study aimed to objectively classify the lateral torso posture types and functions of older women. We used 3D body scan data of 119 women aged 70-85 years from the 6th SizeKorea project. First, we defined three torso axes to represent the lateral torso posture types: posterior waist-back, back-cervical, and whole torso axes. Next, we asked experts to select one of four lateral torso posture types-stooped, straight, leaning back, and swayback postures-by looking at the lateral photographic data of 119 older women. To identify the axis that best represented each lateral torso posture type, a discriminant analysis was conducted using the angle of each of the three torso axes as an independent variable and an expert's visual classification as a dependent variable. Based on the analysis, the whole torso and backcervical axis angles were selected as variables for judging lateral torso posture types. Subsequently, we developed a classification function to determine which of the four lateral torso posture types of a particular participant was applicable for a new individual. The method developed in this study is significant in that it enables the objective classification of the lateral torso postures types of older women.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.560-565
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to extract information of body form's classification on elderly women. We measured 242 subjects from 55 to 75 years of age, using 27 direct measurement items and 25 body indices. We analyzed these indices with factor analysis, cluster analysis We obtained these following results 1) Through factor analysis, 4 factors (obesity of torso, location of upper torso items, length of upper torso, location of lower torso items & shoulder length) were extracted from body indices. 2) Through culster analysis, we categorized 4 clusters. Namely, type 1, characterized the best slender type, type 2; characterized obesity type, type 3: characterized middle sized type ; type 4: characterized by fat type less than type 2. We considered that type 3 is the typical type on elderly women. Since analysis using indices is very profitable, it may be necessary to design dummies and patterns for clothing manufacture.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.201-211
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• 1996

This study was carried out on 132 obese women who satisfied both of the conditions for obesity : over 1.6 in Roher index and over 90cm in bust girth. The purpose of the study was to classify body shape of obese women and find out their respective characteristics. 1. The characteristics on shape of body measurements are the front of waist height was higer than the back of waist height due to the obesity in abdominal region and the front of the abodominal depthe was high indicating the protruding of the abdominal region. 2. Characteristics of different obese body types 1) In the study of total body type, 5 factors were found as a result of factor analsis and body types were classified 4 types (type 1: short upper torso and obese arms and legs, type 2: Long and thick torso, type 3: the most obese torso, arms and legs, type 4: less obese torso according to the cluster analysis. 2) The torso body types were coassified 2 groups (type 1: less obese than average body type, type 2: large in all girth, depth and breadth according) to the different body parts such as back lengh, bust girth, hip girth and acromion to acromion breadth. 3) The lower body types were classified 2 groups (type 1: short legs, less the depth and breadth, type 2: large in all lower body measurenents) according to back of waist height, waist girth and hip girth.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.73-84
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• 2022

Based on the method of marking the size of children's wear suggested by Korean Agency for Technology and Standards, this study classified the heights of school-aged girls by 10cm. The purpose of this study is to provide foundational material by analyzing and comparing the characteristics of torso types. The author analyzed the height section of 130 to 139.9cm, which the majority of subjects fell into, and concerning the method of research, this study statistically analyzed body sizes and calculated items related to 162 persons' torso types out of the 6th Korean Body Size Data. According to the results, eight factors were extracted, and the total explanatory variate of all the factors was found to be 81.93%. According to the results of cluster analysis with it as an independent variable, three types were drawn. Type 1 (41.4%) was found to be the thickest in the torso and round and severely curved in the sectional form of the circumference item. RegardingType 2 (25.9%), the horizontal size of the torso is similar to that of Type 1: the upper body is long, and the sectional form of the circumference item is oval-shaped. Regarding Type 3 (32.7%), mean values are similar to those of Type 2 overall: the upper body is short, and the body is the most upright. In conclusion, according to the results of analyzing torso types, the types and average values indicate significant differences in the height section of 130~139.9cm. This implies that when making ready-made clothes, it is necessary to come up with the sizes of more detailed items in relation with height. It is expected that the findings of this study will be utilized as basic data when children's wear companies develop prototypes and use grading variances according to the variations of size.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.226-236
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to classify the torso shape based on abdominal protrusion caused by changes in the physical characteristics of middle-aged women. This study analyzed 3D shape data of 401 females ranging in age from 40 to 59 years who participated in the 6th Size Korea project. Based on the Size Korea 3D measurement standard, 27 additional items such as height, protrusion, and angle were measured in the 3D scan data. Nine factors were extracted from the analysis of constituent factors of the torso: "vertical size of torso," "flatness and protrusion of abdomen," "torso front extrusion," "upper body height," "bust size and flatness," "size of belly and angle of lower abdomen," "hip length," "hip flatness," and "horizontal size of bust." As a result of the cluster analysis using these nine factors, the torsos of middle-aged women were classified into three types. Type 1 has upper abdominal deposition with a small and long upper body and an advanced abdomen; type 2 has lower abdominal deposition with a small and short torso and a small belly and hip flexion; and type 3 has central abdominal deposition with a big and long torso, large breasts, and protruding abdo¬men front. The middle-aged women were mostly distributed in Type 2. The above results will be useful as basic data for the development of clothing with improved fit to accommodate the changed physical characteristics of middle-aged women.