• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.5 no.4 s.17
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• pp.35-40
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• 2006

This paper shows that the effect of exposing on the top area and a solution which using a water circulation system. Semiconductor substrate stage is made from Aluminum and is repeated the sequence of exposing (150), turning OFF shutter, taking 30 sec. interval at the top area of stage. So the temperature of substrate temperature rises continuously. On this, we made a waterway at the inner part of the substrate stage and operated a water circulation system. We measured the temperature of a substrate stage surface with a thermocouple attached to the substrate stage. To analyze the top area's temperature, we used Analysis Program ANSYS for analysis and 3D CAD program Solid-Works for modeling.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.59-65
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• 2009

In this paper, to find effective way of the production of the distilled water with solar radiation, 4 different boxes of condensation systems were compared. The bottom size of boxes are identical but the angles of top collecting plates are different. During the solar radiation, condensation did not occur and the condensation start when solar radiation was decreased. The maximum condensation reached when the temperatures of the top and bottom parts are equal. The condensation was continued until sunrise with gradually reduced amount. When top plate angle was $45^{\circ}$, condensation was highest compared with the other angles.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.811-816
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• 2000

The joint treatment of concrete is one of the technical problems in top down construction method. Joints created with the top down construction result in serious weakness from the aspects of both structural and water-barrier function. Ultrasonic method was used for the inspection of top down construction joints of column in SRC structure in this study. As a result it has been verified that the semi-direct measurement method is more effective than the other methods for detecting the voids of construction joints.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.133-142
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• 2020

The evolution of the mining-induced fracture network formed during longwall top coal caving (LTCC) has a great influence on the gas drainage, roof control, top coal recovery ratio and engineering safety of aquifers. To reveal the evolution of the mining-induced stress and fracture network formed during LTCC, the fracture network in front of the working face was observed by borehole video experiments. A discrete element model was established by the universal discrete element code (UDEC) to explore the local stress distribution. The regression relationship between the fractal dimension of the fracture network and mining stress was established. The results revealed the following: (1) The mining disturbance had the most severe impact on the borehole depth range between approximately 10 m and 25 m. (2) The distribution of fractures was related to the lithology and its integrity. The coal seam was mainly microfractures, which formed a complex fracture network. The hard rock stratum was mainly included longitudinal cracks and separated fissures. (3) Through a numerical simulation, the stress distribution in front of the mining face and the development of the fracturing of the overlying rock were obtained. There was a quadratic relationship between the fractal dimension of the fractures and the mining stress. The results obtained herein will provide a reference for engineering projects under similar geological conditions.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.157-163
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• 2006

This study is on the evaluation of double surface protection method using water repellent primer and final top coat to protect concrete. Water repellent agent has been applied on the final top coat to protect concrete. However, to make up for the weakness to the ultraviolet of the water repellent, the work procedure of these protectors is done vice versa. This combination of protectors was compared with existing ones in this study. Even though the final top coat was applied on the water repellent primer, its adhesive strength met to KS F 4936-' 03 with other protectors used in this study. All surface protectors used in this study were excellent in protecting concrete. Especially, in case of applying with final top coat in conjunction with water repellent primer, the resistance against chloride ion penetration and neutralization by $CO_2$ was more efficient than other surface protectors used in this study under this given condition.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.29-34
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• 2004

Numerical and experimental studies on pipeline laying for intake Deep Ocean Water are carried out. In the numerical study, an implicit finite difference algorithm is employed for three-dimensional pipe equations. Fluid non-linearity and bending stiffness are considered and solved by Newton-Raphson iteration. Seabed is modeled as elastic foundation with linear spring and damper. Top tension and general configuration of pipeline at a depth are predicted. It is found that control for tension to prevent being large curvature of pipeline is needed on th steep seabed and, it should be considered 23.5 ton of tension at a top of pipe on the process of pipeline laying at 400m of water depth The largest top tension of pipe on condition of the beam sea during pipe laying is shown from the experiment. The results of this study can be contributed to the design of pipeline laying for upwelling deep ocean water.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.731-737
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• 2015

This study was conducted to compare the meat qualities of loin (m. longissimus dorsi) and top round (m. semimembranosus) from Hanwoo and Holstein veal. Ten Hanwoo and Holstein calves were randomly selected from a local cattle farm and raised. They were slaughtered when they were 8 mon old and weighed. Weight and percentage in primal cuts and slaughter performance of Hanwoo and Holstein veal calves are obtained. Immediately after weighting, slices of loin and top round muscles were sampled. After vacuum packaging, the samples were subjected to proximate composition, physicochemical and microbiological analyses. Dressing weight and percentage were heavier and greater (p<0.05) in the Holstein than in the Hanwoo. Water contents of the top round muscle was higher in the Holstein than in the Hanwoo (p<0.05). Water-holding capacity, protein content and CIE L* (lightness) of both muscles were higher in the Holstein than in the Hanwoo veal, whereas fat content, pH, cooking loss, a* (redness), and b* (yellowness) were higher in the Hanwoo than in the Holstein veal (p<0.05). Thiobarbituric acid and volatile basic nitrogen values of both the muscles were lower in the Hanwoo than in the Holstein veal during the first 10 d of storage (p<0.05).

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.251-263
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• 2011

This study was carried out in order to investigate the effect of pre-coating layer on top-coating layer. The coated paper with five different formulations were prepared. The properties of coated paper were measured and correlation between pre and top-coated layer was evaluated. Paper gloss was increased with addition of clay and GCC that has smaller particle size. Roughness was decreased with using smaller particle GCC, clay and talc. The highest thickness was obtained with talc. Brightness and whiteness of pre-coated layer were affected to top-coated layer. GCC 60 shows the highest and ununiform water adsorption during 1sec. The adsorption was higher with increasing coated weight. Talc shows the excellent water adsorption properties due to its wettability. These results indicate that final printability and properties of top coating layer can be controlled with adjusting pre-coating layer.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.154-166
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• 2015

The in-core instrumentation measures core power distribution and coolant temperature in local regions of the core in pressurized water reactors. The installation types are distinguished by the designs of routing paths that exit either through reactor bottom mounted instrument nozzles or through reactor top mounted instrument nozzles. Although each type has unique advantages, it is generally known that top mounted design is more competitive with respect to emphasizing nuclear safety issues and ability to cope with severe accidents. The international nuclear vendors have provided various types of reactors with top mounted design. Nuclear power reactors in Korea, however, only have been designed to be applicable to the use of bottom mounted design, and it has been pointed out that the capabilities of Korean reactors against severe accidents should be further enhanced. The paper deals with technical issues on reactor internal and external design, in-core instrumentation, support assembly, sealing mechanism with nozzles, handling, and analytical issues in order to establish the ways of development.

• Water for future
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• v.54 no.7
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• pp.40-45
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• 2021