• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.131-139
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• 2000

Gear train in the automobile to be used for controlling gas flow in automobiles consists of spur gears with involute tooth type in multiple stages. This spur gear is designed considering to the high power transfer efficiency, bending stress and contact stress in the static and dynamic analysis. The torque has been increased simultaneously the angular velocity has been decreased through the stages after being supplied by AC synchronous motor. This apparatus is controlled by electrical devices such as the PIC microprocessor, hall sensor and other electric components. By comparing the preset data of PIC microcomputer which is supplied by external DC electric power with the value set of hall sensor which detects the rotation angle position, PIC microcomputer thus controls AC motor and gear train according to the program algorithm which includes the on-off control and PWM motor driving method. As the result of the experiment such as performance, fatigue, torque test, we can conclude that this system is superior to the same and familiar foreign systems.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2014

Generally, marine transmissions contain straight shafts and helical gears, meaning that enginerooms require more space. In order to guarantee a levelengine space for conical involute gears or beveloid gears, both of which are important machine parts, a conical gear was used to replace the traditional cylinder gear. Owing to weak points such as the point contact phenomenon of the teeth, a limitation of the width of each tooth in terms of the addendum, the variational modification coefficient,and the difficulty of processing, research about conical involute gears remains at a standstill. Along with the increasing number of applications of conical involute gears, research on conical gear design technology is necessary. In this paper, in an effort to enhance conical gear design technology, research on the 3D modeling and stress analyses of helical conical involute gears were done.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.460-467
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• 2015

PURPOSE. The aim of this study is to evaluate the appropriate impression technique by analyzing the superimposition of 3D digital model for evaluating accuracy of conventional impression technique and digital impression. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Twenty-four patients who had no periodontitis or temporomandibular joint disease were selected for analysis. As a reference model, digital impressions with a digital impression system were performed. As a test models, for conventional impression dual-arch and full-arch, impression techniques utilizing addition type polyvinylsiloxane for fabrication of cast were applied. 3D laser scanner is used for scanning the cast. Each 3 pairs for 25 STL datasets were imported into the inspection software. The three-dimensional differences were illustrated in a color-coded map. For three-dimensional quantitative analysis, 4 specified contact locations(buccal and lingual cusps of second premolar and molar) were established. For two-dimensional quantitative analysis, the sectioning from buccal cusp to lingual cusp of second premolar and molar were acquired depending on the tooth axis. RESULTS. In color-coded map, the biggest difference between intraoral scanning and dual-arch impression was seen (P<.05). In three-dimensional analysis, the biggest difference was seen between intraoral scanning and dual-arch impression and the smallest difference was seen between dual-arch and full-arch impression. CONCLUSION. The two- and three-dimensional deviations between intraoral scanner and dual-arch impression was bigger than full-arch and dual-arch impression (P<.05). The second premolar showed significantly bigger three-dimensional deviations than the second molar in the three-dimensional deviations (P>.05).

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.891-896
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• 2010

제로터는 유압모터나 펌프뿐만 아니라 조향장치인 파워 스티어링 유닛(PSU)에도 사용된다. 제로터의 내치차는 일상적인 경우 단일 원호형상의 외치차에 의하여 생성된다. 본 논문에서 PSU의 특성 개선을 위하여 보다 일반화 된 외치차의 형상으로부터 내치차를 생성하는 방법을 해석하였다. 해석의 결과로서, 외치차의 형상곡선이 특별한 2중곡률을 갖는 원호인 경우에 대하여, 내치차의 형상과 곡률, 제로터의 유량 및 접촉점의 위치와 슬립속도 등의 설계자료를 구하여 제시하였다. 이러한 해석은 새로운 PSU의 개발과 소형화를 가능케 한다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.63-94
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to analyze the displacement and the magnitude and the mode of distribution of the stresses in the lower overdenture, the mucous membrane, the abutment tooth and the mandibular supporting bone when various denture base materials, such as acrylic resin and 0.5mm metal base, and various denture base designs were subjected to different loading schemes. For this study, the two-dimensional finite element method was used. Mandibular arch models, with only canine remaining, were fabricated. In the first denture base design, a space, approximately 1mm thick, was prepared between the denture and the dome abutment. In the second denture base design, contact between the denture and the dome abutment was eliminated except the contact of the occlusal third of the abutment. In order to represent the same physiological condition as the fixed areas of the mandible under loading schemes, the eight nodes which lie at the mandibular angle region, the coronoid process and the mandibular condyle were assumed to be fixed. Each model was loaded with a magnitude of 10 kgs on the first molar region(P1) and 7 kgs on the central incisal region (P2) in a vertical direction. Then the force of 10 kgs was applied distributively from the first premolar to the second molar of each model in a vertical direction(P3). The results were as follows. : 1. When the testing vertical loads were given to the selected points of the overdenture, the overdenture showed the rotatory phenomenon, as well as sinking and the displacements of alveolar ridge, abutment and lower border of mandible under the metal base overdenture were less than those under the acrylic resin overdenture. 2. The maximum principal stresses(the maximum tensile stresses) being considered, high tensile stresses occured at the buccal shelf area, the posterior region of the ridge crest and the anterior border region of the mandibular ramus. 3. The minimum principal stresses(the maximum compressive stresses) being considered, high compressive stresses occured at the inferior and posterior border region of the mandible, the mandibular angle and the posterior border region of the mandibular ramus. 4. The vertical load on the central incisal region(P2) produced higher equivalent stress in the mandible than that on any other region(P1, P3) because of the long lever arm distance from the fixed points to the loading point. 5. Higher equivalent stresses were distributed throughout the metal base overdenture than the resin base overdenture under the same loading condition. 6. The case of occlusal third contact of the abutment to the denture produced higher equivalent stresses in the abutment, the mandibular area around the abutment and the overdenture than the case of a 1mm space between the denture and the abutment. 7. Without regard to overdenture base materials and designs, the amounts and distribution patterns of equivalent stresses under the same loading condition were similar in the mucous membrane.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.218-224
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• 2013

Objective: To examine the effect of bite force on the displacement and stress distribution of orthodontic mini-implants (OMIs) in the molar region according to placement site, insertion angle, and loading direction. Methods: Five finite element models were created using micro-computed tomography (microCT) images of the maxilla and mandible. OMIs were placed at one maxillary and two mandibular positions: between the maxillary second premolar and first molar, between the mandibular second premolar and first molar, and between the mandibular first and second molars. The OMIs were inserted at angles of $45^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ to the buccal surface of the cortical bone. A bite force of 25 kg was applied to the 10 occlusal contact points of the second premolar, first molar, and second molar. The loading directions were $0^{\circ}$, $5^{\circ}$, and $10^{\circ}$ to the long axis of the tooth. Results: With regard to placement site, the displacement and stress were greatest for the OMI placed between the mandibular first molar and second molar, and smallest for the OMI placed between the maxillary second premolar and first molar. In the mandibular molar region, the angled OMI showed slightly less displacement than the OMI placed at $90^{\circ}$. The maximum Von Mises stress increased with the inclination of the loading direction. Conclusions: These results suggest that placement of OMIs between the second premolar and first molar at $45^{\circ}$ to the cortical bone reduces the effect of bite force on OMIs.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2020

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of Accura to that of the T-scan for indicating occlusal contacts. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Twenty-four subjects were selected. Their maxillary dental casts were scanned with a model scanner. The Stereolithography files of the casts were positioned to align with the occlusal plane. Occlusal surfaces of every tooth were divided into three to six anatomic regions. T-scan and Accura recordings were made during two masticatory cycles. The T-scan and Accura images were captured at the maximum bite force and overlapped to the cast. Photographs of interocclusal records were used as the reference during overlap. The occlusal contacts were counted to compare the T-scan and Accura. McNemar's test was used for statistical significance and the corresponding P-values were calculated from a chi-square distribution with one degree of freedom. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of Accura were calculated relative to the T-scan values as a control. RESULTS. No statistical differences (P>.05) were found between the T-scan and Accura methods. The accuracy of Accura was 75.8%, sensitivity was 82.1%, specificity was 60.1%, PPV was 82.9%, and NPV was 60.1%. CONCLUSION. Accura could be another possible option as a computerized occlusal analysis system for indicating occlusal contacts at maximum intercuspation.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.297-305
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• 2018

목적: 다양한 형태의 공동 설계 및 재료를 이용한 하악 대구치의 치아 구조 및 intracoronal 수복물에서 발생하는 응력 분포 및 최대 von Mises 응력을 분석하고자 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 콤포지트레진 및 금으로 수복한 통상적 교합면 와동과(OR-C, OG-C) 인접면 와동(MR-C, MG-C) 및 콤포지트레진으로 충전한 최소 침습적 와동을 갖는 교합면 와동(OR-M) 및 인접면 와동(MR-M)의 형상을 하악 삼차원 입체 모델로 설계했다. 저작력을 부여하기 위해 총 교합력 200 N의 정적 축 방향 하중을 10개의 교합 접촉점에서 치아에 적용했다. 유한 요소 해석은 교합 하중에 의해 생성 된 응력 분포를 예측하기 위해 수행되었다. 결과: 최소 침습적 설계를 가진 수복물은 통상적 와동 설계(341.9 MPa - 397.2 MPa)에 비해 von Mises 응력(OR-M 모델: 26.8 MPa, MR-M 모델: 72.7 MPa)의 값이 현저하게 낮았다. 치아 내부에서 최대 von Mises 응력의 크기는 통상적 와동 설계(372.8 - 412.9 MPa) 및 최소 와동 설계(361.1 - 384.4 MPa) 모델에서 유사했다. 결론: 최소 침습성 모델은 수복물 중에서 최소의 von Mises 응력이 생성되었다. 법랑질 내에서는 최대 von Mises 응력이 최소 공동 설계와 기존 설계의 모델에서 유사한 크기로 관찰되었다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.419-426
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• 2017

임플란트는 자각증상을 느끼기 어렵고, 완충역이 없으므로 응력 분포를 고려하지 않는 경우 기계적 실패를 야기할 수 있다. 다수의 상악 전치부 임플란트 수복의 경우 하악의 기능 운동 시 유도를 담당함으로써, 임플란트에 가해지는 측방력의 분산에 중요한 역할을 하므로, 적절한 가이드의 설정이 중요하다. T-scan system을 이용하는 방법은 교합지나 shimstock을 사용하는 기존의 정성적인 방법에 비해, 시간에 따른 교합의 변화와 기능 운동시 접촉되는 치아의 기여정도 및 육안으로 관찰하기 어려운 후방 구치나 반대편 치아의 접촉을 파악하는 등 동적인 교합평가에 유리하다. 본 논문에서는 다수의 상악 임플란트 보철물에 조화로운 전방유도를 부여하기 위하여 T-scan 분석을 활용하는 방법에 관하여 증례를 통해 살펴보고자 한다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.294-302
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• 2015

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to verify the clinical-feasibility of additive manufacturing by comparing the accuracy of four different manufacturing methods for metal coping: the conventional lost wax technique (CLWT); subtractive methods with wax blank milling (WBM); and two additive methods, multi jet modeling (MJM), and micro-stereolithography (Micro-SLA). MATERIALS AND METHODS. Thirty study models were created using an acrylic model with the maxillary upper right canine, first premolar, and first molar teeth. Based on the scan files from a non-contact blue light scanner (Identica; Medit Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea), thirty cores were produced using the WBM, MJM, and Micro-SLA methods, respectively, and another thirty frameworks were produced using the CLWT method. To measure the marginal and internal gap, the silicone replica method was adopted, and the silicone images obtained were evaluated using a digital microscope (KH-7700; Hirox, Tokyo, Japan) at 140X magnification. Analyses were performed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post hoc test (${\alpha}=.05$). RESULTS. The mean marginal gaps and internal gaps showed significant differences according to tooth type (P<.001 and P<.001, respectively) and manufacturing method (P<.037 and P<.001, respectively). Micro-SLA did not show any significant difference from CLWT regarding mean marginal gap compared to the WBM and MJM methods. CONCLUSION. The mean values of gaps resulting from the four different manufacturing methods were within a clinically allowable range, and, thus, the clinical use of additive manufacturing methods is acceptable as an alternative to the traditional lost wax-technique and subtractive manufacturing.