• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.106-110
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• 2004

The noise characteristics of the submarines and vessels are composed of tonal signals and background noises. Tonal signals are from the revolution of the motors or engines, and background noises are from the generation and disappearing of the bubbles around the vessels. We analyze the noises from maneuvering underwater vessels with ATW algorithm. We design broadband asymptotic noise generator using Hilbert transform and design the system which can generate asymptotic noise with sum of generated background noise and synthesized tonal signals. This system can be used as a cheating system from the torpedo shacks.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1985.10a
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• pp.79-86
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• 1985

Residual-ecited linear prediction vocoding is known to be one of the best approaches to speech coding in the range of 4.8 to 9.6 kbits/s. One problem associated with the RELP vocoder is that it often produces some roughness and tonal noise as the transmission rate becomes lower. In this paper, we investigate three methods to improve its quality. These include the multiband spectral folding method, the method of using both the spectrally folded signal and the pulsed ecitation signal, and the method of using both the multiband spectrally folded signal and the pulsed ecitation signal. It has been found that, among the three methods, the last one yields the best performance. It produces no roughness and little tonal noise.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.389-396
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• 1999

In this paper, we propose a multiple underwater object classification and tracking algorithm using the narrowband tonal and frequency line features extracted from the frequency spectrum of the acoustic signal. The general algorithm using the wideband and narrowband energy has a high tracking error when objects are close and cross each other. But the proposed algorithm shows a good tracking performance for the simulation scenarios generated by the real acoustic data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2009.01a
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• pp.755-759
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• 2009

This paper proposes an HDR display system using multi-projectors for presentation of HDR contents to multi-users. An HDR image is resolved by luminance and the resolved images are assigned to several projectors. The proposed system projects the HDR contents onto a large screen, and the system can display the HDR contents to multi-users. The proposed system realized to output the broad luminance by emitting the light of multi-projectors onto the same screen. In addition, tonal steps of the proposed system increase so that other projectors cover the tonal steps in the region where the dynamic range is expanded. In this paper, we indicate an effectiveness of the proposed system.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.1869-1874
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• 2004

Acoustic pressure field around the cross-flow fan is predicted by a hydrodynamic-acoustic splitting method. Unsteady flow field is obtained by solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations using an unstructured finite-volume method on the triangular meshes, while the acoustic waves generated inside the cross-flow fan are predicted by solving the perturbed compressible equations(PCE) with a 6th-order compact finite difference method. Computational results show that the acoustic waves of BPF tone are generated by interactions of the blades wakes with the stabilizer, which then are reflected from the rear-guider and mainly propagate towards the fan inlet. Also, a directivity of BPF noise predicted by the PCE is noticeably different from that of the FW-H equations, in which a fan casing effect cannot be included.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.139-145
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• 2015

The present study investigates the effects of syllable structure and prosodic prominence on the patterns of tonal alignment and scaling of the phrase-initial rise in Seoul Korean. Two syllable structures (Onset (/#CVC.../ as in minsa) vs. No-onset (/#VC.../ as in insa)) and two prominence conditions (Focus vs. Neutral) were considered. Results showed that the alignment of the L and the H tones in the phrase-initial rise was affected by syllable structure but not by prominence. The time of L was before the vowel onset of the first syllable in the Onset condition (i.e., within the onset consonant) and it was after the vowel onset in the No-onset condition. The difference was attributable to the fact that the initial L was anchored at a fixed distance from the phrase boundary, which was about 30ms after the onset of the syllable in both cases. The time of H was also consistently observed about 20ms after the second vowel onset (i.e., /a/ in minsa/insa). Moreover, the rise time (the duration from the L to the H tones) was longer as the local syllable duration became longer due to different syllable structure and prominence conditions. Taken together, the results provide a support for the segmental anchoring hypothesis, which claims that both the beginning and the end of F0 movement are consistently aligned with segmental 'anchor' points with relatively high stability (Ladd et al., 1999). Results also showed that the scaling of the early rise was slightly influenced by syllable structure but not by prominence. The differences between the results of the current study and a previous study (Cho, 2011) are further discussed.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.7 no.1 s.22
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• pp.17-23
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• 2004

Aeroacoustic characteristics of sirocco fan used in Over-The-Range (OTR) has been analyzed in this paper. A microwave hood combination over the gas range is short for the OTR. The flow phenomena of the double-sided sirocco fan was analyzed numerically and experimentally by using commercial code and three dimensional PIV for flow visualization. Also, microphone array is used in order to understand acoustic characteristics of OTR. Two dimensional unsteady flow and acoustic simulation is tried to qualitatively estimate the effects of tonal noise and broadband noise on the overall sound pressure level. It is found that tonal sound is generated from the strong interaction between the impeller and cutoff while broadband sound is generated from the strong secondary flows along the scroll surface. To reduce the noise level, the V-shape cut-off was applied to improve the sound quality by reducing tonal noise. So the peak noise at BPF (Blade Passing Frequency) was almost reduced. The shape of flow-guide to suppress the secondary flow over the scroll surface was carefully checked. It is found that this affects flow pattern at the fan exit and reduces the broad band noise. Through this numerical and experimental study, the sound pressure level was lowered by 4dBA compared to that of the previous fan at the operating point.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.265-270
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• 2017

This study purposed to investigate harmonic compositions and progressions that are appropriate for emotion vocabulary. In study 1, eight(8) professional music therapists were asked to provide harmonic compositions and progressions reflecting the tonal characteristics of emotion vocabulary and the rationales. Various attributes of harmonic compositions and progressions were examined and the content analysis were administered. In study 2, the obtained data on study 1 were evaluated by 124 music therapy and music majors for the validity. In the first study, analyzed results showed that 'happy' vocabulary utilized major, tonic, consecutive chord changes, 'angry' vocabulary utilized minor, augmented, $9^{th}$, $11^{th}$, unsolved $7^{th}$ chord progression, 'sad' vocabulary utilized minor, diminish, chromatic chord progressions. In the second study, there was statistically significant difference with 'happy' vocabulary. These results can provide basic evidences for musical ideas of harmonic compositions and progressions to better communicate emotional aspects of lyrical messages when composing melody in a song.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.67-83
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• 2016

This study investigated the tonal characteristics in Korean emotion words by analyzing the pitch patterns transformed from word utterance. Participants were 30 women, ages 19-23. Each participant was instructed to talk about their emotional experiences using 4-syllable target words. A total of 180 utterances were analyzed in terms of the frequency of each syllable using the Praat. The data were transformed into meantones based on the semi-tone scale. When emotion words were used in the middle of a sentence, the pitch pattern was transformed to A3-A3-G3-G3 for '즐거워서(joyful)', C4-D4-B3-A3 for '행복해서(happy)', G3-A3-G3-G3 for '억울해서(resentful)', A3-A3-G3-A3 for '불안해서(anxious)', and C4-C4-A3-G3 for '침울해서(frustrated)'. When the emotion words were used at the end of a sentence, the pitch pattern was transformed to G4-G4-F4-F4 for '즐거워요(joyful)', D4-D4-A3-G3 for '행복해요(happy)', G3-G3-G3-A3 and F3-G3-E3-D3 for '억울해요(resentful)', A3-G3-F3-F3 for '불안해요(anxious)', and A3-A3-F3-F3 for '침울해요(frustrated)'. These results indicate the differences in pitch patterns depending on the conveyed emotions and the position of words in a sentence. This study presents the baseline data on the tonal characteristics of emotion words, thereby suggesting how pitch patterns could be utilized when creating a melody during songwriting for emotional expression.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.7-23
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• 2008

This paper investigates tonal patterns of the prosodic constituents of an AP and a PWD in Korean and their relation with the morphological/syntactic structure. Specifically, this paper asks the following questions: First, if there are more than one PWD in an AP, how is each PWD specified in terms of tones? Secondly, in case that there is only one PWD in an AP that consists of several morphemes, is there any preference of the association between tones and the morphemes that constitute that PWD? Thirdly, if an AP dominates a PWD and if a PWD contains at least one morpheme of the lexical category, it follows that an AP should contain at least one morpheme of the lexical category. Can this be verified with the experimental data? In order to answer these questions, Experiment I and II were conducted with the target material consisting of a stem and suffixes that varied in length. The results of this preliminary test show that as the number of syllables in the target material increases, the more number of an AP tonal pattern occurs in it and as a result, in some cases, an AP consisting of suffixes only may occur.