• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.146-152
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• 2011

In the course of a study in relation to the production of taste, and functional enhancements in root crop chips, which were prepared by soaking dried yam slices in fruit juices, we investigated the physiological characteristics and biological activities of 8 different commercially available juices including; apple, omija (fruit of Maximowiczia typica), grape, wild grape, orange, tomato, red ginseng and black garlic juice. The average water contents, pH, brix and acidity of the juices used were $85.59{\pm}5.80%$, $3.90{\pm}0.64$, $12.19{\pm}4.70%$, and $0.49{\pm}0.19%$, respectively. The polyphenol content of black garlic and grape juice were 1.50 and 1.21 mg/ml, respectively, and those were higher than the average content (0.57 mg/mL) of the juices. Evaluation of anticoagulation activity showed that only omija juice has a strong thrombin inhibition, which is comparable to that of aspirin (1.5 mg/mL). Omija, grape and orange juice all exhibited antibacterial activity, but no antifungal activity. The 8 different juices, and in particular grape and black garlic juice, showed strong antioxidant activity in DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity assays, with wild grape juice demonstrating potent nitrite scavenging activity. These results suggest that omija, grape and black garlic juice can be used as soaking solutions to produce taste, and other functional enhancements, for root crop chips.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 2001

This experiment was undertaken to investigate the effect of root zone temperature during the night on absorption of mineral nutrients, growth, and fruit yield of the truss-limited hydroponic tomatoes in winter. The root zone temperature was either controlled to 10, 15, 20, $25^{\circ}C$, or left uncontrolled at ambient temperatures. Temperature of the covered beds rose as root zone temperature was raised, but it in all treatments was less than 3$^{\circ}C$ higher than that in the control. Raising root zone temperature, except $25^{\circ}C$, showed positive effect on plant height, leaf length, stem diameter, and plant fresh and dry weight, but not on T/R ratio which was the greatest in the control. Root activity in all treatments except $25^{\circ}C$ increased as compared to the control. Mean fruit weight, fruit count per plant, and fruit yield were the greatest in 2$0^{\circ}C$ treatment. Root zone temperature did not significantly affect the contents of total nitrate and magnesium in leaves, stems and roots. Concentrations of phosphate and calcium increased in leaves and stems, but decreased in roots as root zone temperature increased. Overall, 2$0^{\circ}C$ treatment gave the greatest growth and energy efficiency.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.64-70
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the concentration of fertigation for optimum yield and soil management of tomato cultivation in soils with different Electrical conductivity (EC) level under PE film house. The EC levels of soil were adjusted to 1.4, 3.0 and 5.4 dS/m and fertigation concentrations were supplied with 0.0 (groundwater), 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 dS/m, respectively. When the concentration of fertigation was supplied over 3.0 dS/m to soil with EC 1.4 dS/m, the concentrations of $NO_3-N,\;avail.-P_2O_5$, and exchangeable K in soil were increased after the experiment. When fertigation concentration was supplied over 2.0 and 1.0 ds/m to soil with EC 3.0 and 5.4 dS/m respectively, the nutrient were also accumulated in the soil. Thus, the optimum concentrations of fertigation for optimum yield and soil management for tomato cultivation were recommended $1.0{\sim}2.0dS/m$, 1.0 dS/m and ground water (0.0 dS/m) to soils with EC 1.4, 3.0 and 5.4 dS/m, respectively. The fruit weight marketability and marketable yield of tomato were not significant among the treatments at 5% level by LSD. The concentrations of T-N, $P_2O_5\;and\;K_2O$ in tomato leaf were increased with increasing of fertigation concentration whereas the concentrations of CaO and MgO decreased with increasing of fertigation concentration.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.468-478
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• 2014

Objectives: Intake of fruits and vegetables has protective effects against stroke attack. This study intended to examine the status of consuming fruits and vegetables and to find out which factors may influence the frequency of consumption of fruits and vegetables in individuals with a history of stroke. Methods: The data of 208 subjects from 5th (2010, 2011) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNES) who reported a stroke diagnosis was used for analysis. To identify major factors influencing the consumption of fruits and vegetables, a classification-tree analysis was carried out. Results: Among those who reported a stroke diagnosis, the frequencies of consumption of fruits and vegetables were influenced by their age, place of residence (urban or rural), economic status, educational level, occupation, number of family members, frequency of eating out, and having meals (breakfast or lunch) with family members. Two factors from fruits and three factors from vegetables were generated by exploratory factor analyses. Urban residents ate fruits and vegetables more frequently in all factors than rural residents. Eating frequencies of 'seasonal fruits (orange, apple, strawberry, melon, pear and watermelon)', 'easily-accessible fruits (persimmon, tangerine, grape, peach, banana)', and 'Western-style vegetables (cabbage, mushroom, carrot, tomato, spinach)' were influenced by the socioeconomic status. Eating frequencies of 'Korean-style vegetables (bean sprout, radish leaves, pumpkin/squash, sea weed)', 'preserved vegetables (Korean cabbage, radish, laver, cucumber)' were influenced by having breakfast with family members. Conclusions: The results of this study suggested that by eating more fruits and vegetables, more preventive effects against secondary stroke attack are expected in stroke patients who live in the rural areas and who do not eat breakfast with family members. In addition, more outreach and education programs are needed for them.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.271-291
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• 2022

Pectin methylesterase (PME) plays an important role in vegetative and reproductive development and biotic/abiotic stress responses by regulating the degree of methyl-esterification of pectic polysaccharides in the plant cell wall. PMEs are encoded by a large multigene family in higher land plant genomes. In general, the expression of plant PME genes shows tissue- or cell-specific patterns and is induced by endogenous and exogenous stimuli. In this study, we identified PME multigene family members (CsPMEs) from the sweet orange genome and report detailed molecular characterization and expression profiling in different citrus tissues and two fruit developmental stages. We also discussed the possible functional roles of some CsPME genes by comparing them with the known functions of PMEs from other plant species. We identified 48 CsPME genes from the citrus genome. A phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that the identified CsPMEs were divided into two groups/types. Some CsPMEs showed very close phylogenetic relationships with the PMEs whose functions were formerly addressed in Arabidopsis, tomato, and maize. Expression profiling showed that some CsPME genes are highly or specifically expressed in the leaf, root, flower, or fruit. Based on the phylogenetic relationships and gene expression profiling results, we suggest that some CsPMEs could play functional roles in pollen development, pollen tube growth, cross incompatibility, root development, embryo/seed development, stomata movement, and biotic/abiotic stress responses. Our results shed light on the biological roles of individual CsPME isoforms and contribute to the search for genetic variations in citrus genetic resources.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.90-96
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• 2007

To overcome the problem of the yield reduction due to the viral satellite mediated protection, a culture mix of three nitrogen-fixing bacteria species of the genus Azospirillum (A. brasilienses N040, A. brasilienses SP7, and A. lipoferum MRB16), and one strain of cyanobacteria (Anabena oryzae Fritsch) were utilized as biofertilizer mixture in both greenhouse and field experiments. When protected plants were treated with biofertilizer mixtures, the fruit yield of biofertilized plants increased by 48% and 40% in a greenhouse and field experiment, respectively, compared to untreated plants inoculated with the protective viral strain alone. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis of total nucleic acid (TNA) extracts revealed that biofertilization did not affect the accumulation of the viral satellite RNA (CARNA 5) that is required for plant protection against other destructive viral strains of CMV. The yield increment was a good compensation for the yield loss caused by the use of the protective viral strain associated with CARNA 5.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.149-164
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• 2017

Next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have led to the rapid accumulation of genome sequences through whole-genome sequencing and re-sequencing of crop species. Genomic resources provide the opportunity for a new revolution in plant breeding by facilitating the dissection of complex traits. Among vegetable crops, reference genomes have been sequenced and assembled for several species in the Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae families, including tomato, pepper, cucumber, watermelon, and melon. These reference genomes have been leveraged for re-sequencing of diverse germplasm collections to explore genome-wide sequence variations, especially single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The use of genome-wide SNPs and high-throughput genotyping methods has led to the development of new strategies for dissecting complex quantitative traits, such as genome-wide association study (GWAS). In addition, the use of multi-parent populations, including nested association mapping (NAM) and multiparent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) populations, has helped increase the accuracy of quantitative trait loci (QTL) detection. Consequently, a number of QTL have been discovered for agronomically important traits, such as disease resistance and fruit traits, with high mapping resolution. The molecular markers for these QTL represent a useful resource for enhancing selection efficiency via marker-assisted selection (MAS) in vegetable breeding programs. In this review, we discuss current genomic resources and marker-trait association analysis to facilitate genome-assisted breeding in vegetable species in the Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae families.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2000.11b
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• pp.307-312
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• 2000

This study was carried out to develop an automatic grafting system suitable for fruit-vegetable seedlings. The study consisted of two research sections: 1) development of a medium-sized, low-cost automatic grafting system for cooperative farms and commercial seedlings production company, and 2) commercializing research for prototype development based on the above concepts. The grafting robot developed in this research can be described as follows, a. Developed grafting robot can cover the whole operations for grafting scion and rootstock, only if operator provides scion and rootstock tray. b. Five seedlings can be grafted at one time, and about 1,200 seedlings can be grafted in one hour. c. The success ratio of mechanical grafting scion and rootstock with ceramic pin bonding provided by the holder is more than 95% when the conditions of seedlings are satisfied. d. The grafting efficiency has improved over 10 times compared with manual work, and the grafting cost generated 44% savings.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.281-286
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• 2004

The end-effector is the one of the important factors on development of the cucumber robot to harvester a cucumber. Three end-effectors were designed the single blade end-effector with one blade, the double blade end-effector with two blades and the triple blade end-effector with three blades. Performance tests of the end-effector, the fully integrated system, were conducted to determine the cutting rate by using two different kinds of cucumber. The success rates of cucumber cutting ratio of single end-effector, double end-effector and triple end-effector in laboratory. were 61.7%, 95%, 86.7%, respectively. The cutting rate of single blade or double blade was a little difference with respect to the different diameters of cucumber stem. However, the success cutting rate of the end-effector with triple blade was 61.7% under 29mm diameter of a grabbing stem section. The triple end-effector was not suitable for harvesting a cucumber, but was considered to be suitable for harvesting a grape, an apple and a tomato. The success rate of cucumber cutting ratio of triple end-effectors in greenhouse was 84%. The failure cutting rate was 16% which are due to abnormal shape of cucumber fruit.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.114-119
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• 2020

The effect of a greenhouse-covering material on its indoor environment and on the characteristics of cherry tomatoes grown in it was investigated. The conventional polyethylene (PE) film on the greenhouse roof was replaced by a polycarbonate (PC) sheet, while maintaining the main structural frame intact. Color changes and the formation of water droplets on the PC surface were avoided by applying coextrusion and coating layers. When compared to the PE greenhouse, the PC greenhouse enabled increased light transmittance and thus a higher indoor temperature during both summer and winter. The thermal insulating property of the PC sheet effectively reduced the heating loss by approximately 55% during winter. The cherry tomatoes grown in the PC greenhouse exhibited superior fruit characteristics in terms of size, weight, and sugar content. The total amount of cherry tomatoes produced per unit area (1,000 ㎡) in the PC greenhouse was found to be greater by approximately 19% compared to that in the PE greenhouse.