• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2017

Solanum lycopersicum, commonly known as tomato, is widely used in raw, cooked, or liquid forms because it contains nutritional compounds that are beneficial for human health, including carotenoids, lycopene, ascorbic acid, vitamins, and minerals. The tomato is perhaps the most widely studied fruit, especially with respect to its cardioprotective effects. In this study, we aimed to identify the anti-inflammatory mechanisms by which the tomato elicits its anti-inflammatory properties. We treated murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells with a tomato ethanol extract and performed various biochemical assays including nitric oxide inhibition, cell viability, RNA extraction, expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines, and immunoblotting, as well we assessed cell survival rates. Our results have shown for the first time that a tomato ethanol extract treatment can suppress nitric oxide production in a dose-dependent manner without cytotoxicity. Moreover, it inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines and elicits its anti-inflammatory effects via the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells ($NF-{\kappa}B$) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. In addition, administration of tomato syrup potently rescued mice from septic shock induced by lipopolysaccharide injection. Collectively, our results elucidate details regarding the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of tomato.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.242-253
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• 2017

This study was performed to evaluate antioxidant activity of tomato powder extracted by various concentrations of ethanol (0, 25, 50, 75, 100%) and to evaluate the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of pork patties with ethanol extracted tomato (EET) powder. No differences in the contents of total of individual phenolic compounds including gallic acid and catechin, were observed among the treatments (p>0.05). Among the various concentrations, 50% and 75% EET powder showed the highest free radical scavenging and iron chelating activities (p<0.05). Lipid peroxidation was retarded in linoleic acid emulsion with the addition of 50% and 75% EET powder (0.1%). Based on the model study, five pork patties were actually manufactured; control patty, reference patty with 0.01% of butylated hydroxytoluene, patty with 1% of water extracted tomato (WET), and patties with 0.5 and 1.0% of EET. Addition of 1% WET and EET decreased pH value, and increased redness values of pork patties, as compared to the control (p<0.05). Pork patties with WET (1.0%) and EET (0.5% and 1.0%) had lower 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values compared with control patties after 7 d of storage (p<0.05). Pork patties containing EET powder showed lower total bacterial and Enterobacteriaceae counts than control patties (p<0.05). In conclusion, WET and EET (50%) could be used as a natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in meat products.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.355-363
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• 2023

In addition to causing direct feeding damage to a variety of greenhouse crops, Frankliniella occidentalis also inflicts indirect harm by facilitating the transmission of the tomato spotted wilt virus. Historically, the prevention of F. occidentalis infestations has relied heavily on pesticide use. However, this approach has led to significant side effects in agricultural ecosystems, including the development of pest resistance and challenges in effective prevention. In response to these issues, research has been directed towards identifying alternative substances that circumvent the tolerance developed against chemical pesticides. Extracts from sixty-seven medicinal plants were prepared by soaking them in water for 24 hours at room temperature. These extracts were then applied to adult F. occidentalis, with particular attention to moutan extract treatment. This treatment demonstrated a 100% insecticidal effect on the first day. The moutan extract, specifically, was prepared using 50% ethanol, after which the ethanol and water were removed via a rotary evaporator. The resultant product was then lyophilized into a powder and used after being diluted with water. In indoor experiments, a 40% diluted solution was sprayed onto F. occidentalis, exhibiting a 100% insecticidal effect 24 hours post-treatment. Furthermore, a pot test indicated a 78% insecticidal effect on the first day of application. Ongoing research includes the analysis of active substances that demonstrate exceptional insecticidal properties and the conduct of on-site validation tests. The application of the aforementioned extract is anticipated to be effective in the prevention of F. occidentalis infestations.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.451-458
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• 2013

The purpose of this research is to distinguish the quantitative determination of phytochemicals in various agricultural products and to optimize an HPLC method for the determination of lycopene, lutein, ${\alpha}$-carotene, ${\beta}$-carotene, and cryptoxanthin. Among the different conditions studied, the most suitable ones for our samples were the extraction with hexane/acetone/ethanol (50:25:25, v/v/v), dissolution of the dry extract in tetrahydrofuran/acetonitrile/methanol (15:30:55, v/v/v), injection on a $C_{18}$ column with methanol/acetonitrile (90:10, v/v) + triethylamine $9{\mu}M$ as mobile phase, and ${\lambda}_{detection}$=475 nm. The mean percent recovery for the HPLC method were $120.7{\pm}4.1%$ (lycopene), $89.2{\pm}3.5%$ (lutein), $91.2{\pm}2.9%$ (${\alpha}$-carotene), $99.1{\pm}4.4%$ (${\beta}$-carotene), and $100.0{\pm}5.3%$ (cryptoxanthin). The contents of lutein in the agricultural products were spinach, kiwi, tomato, blueberry, melon, respectively. However, the lycopene contents were the highest in the Black tomato ($56.66{\pm}7.48mg/kg$) and Jangseong tomato ($50.28{\pm}5.42mg/kg$). The concentration of ${\beta}$-carotene in all of the agricultural products ranged from 0.07 mg/kg to 65.03 mg/kg. The quercetin content of the agricultural products increased in the order of blueberry (986.57~1,054.06 mg/100 g), kiwi (44.96~55.09 mg/100 g), hallabong (31.92~35.60 mg/100 g), and tomato (26.38~34.94 mg/100 g). The highest kaempferol content was found in the blueberry (47.79~76.15 mg/100 g) with results in all of the tested samples varying between 6.54~48.11 mg/100 g. The total polyphenol contents of the various agricultural products increased in the blueberry (213.60~229.96 mg/100 g), spinach (112.50~141.67 mg/100 g) and kiwi (46.49~70.44 mg/100 g). The total flavonoid content was the highest in both blueberry and spinach. Vitamin C content was detected in kiwi > hallabong > tomato > blueberry, respectively. The total anthocyanin contents (TAC) was detected in the Damyang blueberry and the imported blueberry.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.18-25
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• 2001

Ethanol extracts from 46 plants were tested for their fungicidal activity against six plant diseases consisting of Maynaporthe grisea, Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea, Phytophthora infestans, Puccinia recondita, and Erysiphe graminis in the greenhouse studies. Strong activity at 5 and 10 mg/pot was produced from the extracts of Helianthus annuus flowers and Zea mays leaves against P. grisea. In a test with B. cineara, extracts of H. annuus leaves, H. annuus flowers, Chrysanthmum coronarium var. spatiosum, Cucurbita moschata seeds, Lycopersicon esculentum, Z. mays, and Z. mays leaves had strong activities at 5 mg/pot. In a test with P. recondita, strong activity was obtained from the extracts of Capsicum frutescens, C. moschata seeds, H. annuus seeds, L. esculentum, and Malva veticillata at 5 mg/pot. Against E. graminis, extracts of Cucumis sativus, H. annuus seeds, Salanum tuberosum, Z. mays, and Z. mays leaves produced strong activities at 10 mg/pot. All the extracts were ineffective against P. infestans and R. solani. Among seven extracts tested, the extracts of H. annuus leaves and flowers were highly effective against all the strains of B. cinerea resistant to carbendazim, procymidone, and diethofencarb. Furthermore, potent fungicidal activity was produced from the extracts of C. coronarium var. spatiosum and C. moschata seeds against the SSR, SRR, and RSR strains of B. cinerea, and Z. mays and Z. mays leaves against SSR and RSR. Extract of L. esculentum showed very strong activity only against RRS of B. cinerea.