• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 1994

Multiplications and pathogenic reactions of different pepper and tomato strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria were evaluated in the most upper leaves of pepper and tomato plants at different growth stages. Hypersensitive reactions were induced in mature pepper plants by inoculation with only the tomato strains but not with the pepper strains, suggesting the expression of age-related resistance in pepper plants. The age-related resistance also seems to be correlated with an apparent inability of the bacteria to multiply as extensively in mature as in young plants. No significant differences among the Korean and U. S. pepper cultivars tested were found in bacterial multiplication, irrespective of bacterial stain or plant growth stage. Korean tomato cultivars tested also were highly susceptible to either tomato or pepper strains during the development of tomato plants.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.655-668
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• 2012

Foliar diseases are major constraints to profitable organic tomato production. Especially, powdery mildew, leaf mold and gray mold of tomato occur severely on organic cultured tomatoes in Korea. This study was conducted to develop organic tomato cultivation technology using environmental-friendly disease control methods (resistance cultivar planting, air circulation fan installation, oil-egg yolk mixtures, and microbial agents). When tomatoes were cultivated in plastic film house installed with air circulation fan, daily range of temperature was decreased by $2{\sim}7^{\circ}C$, average relative humidity was decreased by 1~5% compared to those in plastic house without air circulation fan. Consequently, incidence of tomato leaf mold and tomato gray mold was reduced by 55.0% and 24.4%, respectively. Control effect of microbial agents and oil-egg yolk mixtures against major tomato diseases was examined in plastic house. As a result, the control value of microbial agents against tomato gray mold and tomato leaf mold showed at the range of 49.0~55.9 %(gray mold) and 39.2~58.2%(leaf mold), respectively. The control value of oilegg yolk mixtures against tomato powdery mildew showed 97.6%. Fifteen tomato cultivars were evaluated for disease resistance against leaf mold and powdery mildew in organically cultivated tomato field. Among 15 tomato cultivars, seven cultivars including 'Super-top' were found to be high resistant to tomato leaf mold. Also 'Powerking', one of fifteen tomato cultivars, showed to be high resistant to tomato powdery mildew.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.7
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• pp.1042-1047
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• 2014

This study examined the quality characteristics of Yanggaeng added with tomato powder (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%) and oligosaccharides instead of red beans and sugar. The moisture content of tomato Yanggaeng was 45.89~33.64% and was highest in the control group. The pH ranged 3.96~6.24 and significant decreased with the addition of tomato powder. Hunter's color value, lightness (L value) were the highest in Yanggaeng added with 20% tomato powder. Redness (a value) increased with tomato powder content, except for 20% tomato powder. Yellowness (b value) significantly increased with tomato powder content (P<0.05) but decreased with 20% tomato powder. In the texture profile analysis, hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness significantly decreased (P<0.05) with the addition of tomato powder. Total soluble solid content ($^{\circ}Brix$) was the highest (5.16) in the control group, whereas that of tomato Yanggaeng ranged 4.46~4.92 and significantly decreased (P<0.05) with the addition of tomato powder. The antioxidative activity based on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of Yanggaeng increased with the concentration of tomato powder, although those of Yanggaeng added with 15% and 20% tomato powder were not significantly different (P<0.05). Yanggaeng added with 5 and 10% tomato powder showed acceptable sensory properties, including color, flavor, sweet taste, sour taste, and overall quality. In terms of sensory evaluation and antioxidant activity, the results show that Yanggaeng added with 10% tomato powder was the best, but more research should be conducted in order to improve sensory acceptability.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 2004

This study estimated the correlation between surface area/weight ratios and pesticide residues in two varieties of tomato, mini tomato and tomato. The ratios of surface area/weight of mini tomato and tomato were $2.15cm^2g^{-1}$ and $1.00cm^2g^{-1}$ respectively. Pesticide residues were measured with four kinds of pesticide, chlorothalonil WP, chlorothalonil SC, oxadixyl WP, thiophanate-methyl WP. Ie residue amount of mini tomato was $1.4\sim2.4$ times higher than those in tomato regardless of the application date and frequency. The ratios of surface area/weight on tomato varieties played a key role for determining pesticide residue.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.134-139
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• 2001

Effects of tomato-juice and KH$_2$PO$_4$ as exogenous nutrients on the infection of Botrytis cinerea LVF12 and pathogenicity to tomato were investigated. B. cinerea LVF12, which was previously reported as a casual agent of the gray mold rot of perilla, was used for pathogenesis on tomato leaves. No infection was induced, and no lesion developed on tomato leaves by the conidial suspension of LVF12 when the inoculum was prepared in sterilized water. However, when the conidial suspensions of LVF12 added with various concentrations and conditions of tomato-juice were inoculated on whole tomato plants, the disease was induced readily, Among them, 20% tomato juice with 0.1M KH$_2$PO$_4$ appeared to be the most suitable nutrient to promote high disease incidence on tomato. For the pathogenicity test according to the growing stage of tomato, the mature leaves were more susceptible than seedlings. Symptoms on the infected plants were initial small gray spots at the inoculated area. Later the whole leaves, petioles and stems became gray and eventually fell off, Under high humidity conditions, the diseased leaves and stems were covered with gray hyphae and conidia. All symptoms of infected plants were identical to those in the field conditions.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.390-393
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• 2011

The effects of differing baking ingredient formulations on physicochemical qualities and consumer preferences were investigated using sponge cakes incorporated with tomato powder, a healthy and beneficial food ingredient, as a model system. Tomato powder was incorporated into cake batter at four different amounts (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%, w/w) by replacing equivalent amount of wheat flour. After appropriate mixing, sponge cakes were baked and cake quality attributes were evaluated after cooling. Specific volume decreased with an increase in the tomato powder substitution, although not significantly (p>0.05). On the other hand, baking loss increased from 10.3 (control) to 13.4 (30% sample) as the tomato powder level increased in the formulation. Lightness ($L^*$) decreased significantly from 79.5 to 74.1 whereas the firmness significantly increased with the higher incorporation of tomato powder (p<0.05). The consumer preferences on color, taste, and flavor, but not softness, were significantly affected by the amount of tomato powder incorporated in the sample (p<0.05). With respect to overall acceptability, the 20% sample received the highest mean score of 5.1, although this was not significantly different from the 10% sample or control (p>0.05). The incorporation of tomato powder, up to 20%, in the formulation of sponge cakes did not significantly influence the consumers' acceptability in all attributes tested.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.435-444
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• 2018

Receptor-like proteins (RLPs) are involved in plant development and disease resistance. Only some of the RLPs in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) have been functionally characterized though 176 genes encoding RLPs, which have been identified in the tomato genome. To further understand the role of RLPs in tomato, we performed genome-guided classification and transcriptome analysis of these genes. Phylogenic comparisons revealed that the tomato RLP members could be divided into eight subgroups and that the genes evolved independently compared to similar genes in Arabidopsis. Based on location and physical clustering analyses, we conclude that tomato RLPs likely expanded primarily through tandem duplication events. According to tissue specific RNA-seq data, 71 RLPs were expressed in at least one of the following tissues: root, leaf, bud, flower, or fruit. Several genes had expression patterns that were tissue specific. In addition, tomato RLP expression profiles after infection with different pathogens showed distinguish gene regulations according to disease induction and resistance response as well as infection by bacteria and virus. Notably, Some RLPs were highly and/or unique expressed in susceptible tomato to pathogen, suggesting that the RLP could be involved in disease response, possibly as a host-susceptibility factor. Our study could provide an important clues for further investigations into the function of tomato RLPs involved in developmental and response to pathogens.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.826-835
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• 2012

This study was conducted to examine the quality characteristics of Oncorhynchus masou stock containing various amounts of tomato (2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%). To accomplish this, the moisture contents, Hunter's color value, pH, salinity, sugar contents, free sugar contents, minerals and free amino acid were measured. The b value decreased, while the L value, a value, pH, salinity, sugar contents, total sugar (fructose, glucose, sucrose) and minerals (Na, Mg, K, Ca, Fe) increased as the ratio of tomato increased. A total of 33 free amino acids were detected, and the amino acid content increased as the ratio of tomato increased. Investigation of different attributes revealed that tomato content significantly affected color intensity, savory flavor and tomato taste. In the acceptance test, stock containg 8% tomato was preferred for flavor, taste, texture and overall quality ; therefore, this was taken as the optimal tomato content for maximizing the overall quality of Oncorhynchus masou stock.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.357-364
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• 2023

In this study, we propose a ripe tomato bunch localization method based on convolutional neural networks, to be applied in robotic harvesting systems. Tomato images were obtained from a smart greenhouse at the Rural Development Administration (RDA). The sample images for training were extracted based on tomato maturity and resized to 128 × 128 pixels for use in the classification model. The model was constructed based on four-layer convolutional neural networks, and the classes were determined based on stage of maturity, using a Softmax classifier. The localization of the ripe tomato bunch region was indicated on a class activation map. The class activation map could show the approximate location of the tomato bunch but tends to present a local part or a large part of the ripe tomato bunch region, which could lead to poor performance. Therefore, we suggest a recursive method to improve the performance of the model. The classification results indicated that the accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score were 0.98, 0.87, 0.98, and 0.92, respectively. The localization performance was 0.52, estimated by the Intersection over Union (IoU), and through input recursion, the IoU was improved by 13%. Based on the results, the proposed localization of the ripe tomato bunch area can be incorporated in robotic harvesting systems to establish the optimal harvesting paths.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.38-42
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• 2018

Demand for tomatoes has been increasing every year as people desire more healthy food. In Korea, tomatoes are mainly grown in the Chungnam, Chunnam and Kyungnam provinces. Recently, reports of whitefly-transmitted viral diseases have increased due to newly emerging whitefly pressures caused by climate change in Korea. Specifically, in 2017, the main tomato growing areas, Buyeo and Nonsan in Chungnam, showed damage typical of viral infection; therefore, we investigated viral diseases in these areas. We collected samples with virus-like symptoms and found that not only whitefly transmitted Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) were detected but also Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV, for which no specific vector is known) and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV, transmitted by thrips). The ToMV-infected samples were mostly co-infected with either TYLCV or ToCV. Mixed infections of different combinations of TYLCV, ToCV and ToMV were detected with the mixed infection of two whitefly-transmitted viruses (TYLCV and ToCV) causing the most severe symptoms. According to the CP sequence of each virus, the 100% identities were shown to be Mexico/ABG73017.1 (TYLCV), Greece/CDG34553.1 (ToCV), China/AKN79752 (TSWV), and Australia/NP078449.1 (ToMV). Based on the sequence data, we presumed that these tomato infecting viruses were transmitted through insects and seeds introduced from neighboring countries.