• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.970-975
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• 2010

Because Lonicerae Flos has effects of antiinflammatory and antioxidant, we studied an effect of Lonicerae Flos on reflux esophagitis (RE) through those effects. Rats were treated with three different dosages of LF (500, 250 and 125 mg/kg) orally for 14 days before pylorus and forestomach ligation. Six hrs after pylorus and forestomach ligation, we dissected a stomach and examined a stomach volume, gastric acid output, pepsin release in the stomach, total hexose, sialic acid in stomach tissue and histamine contents of sera. The results were compared with an ${\alpha}$-tocopherol (once orally, 1hr before operation, 30 mg/kg) treated group in which the effects on RE were already confirmed. Lonicerae Flos extract (LE) reduced gastric volumes compared to RE control. This indicate that LE protect a stomach mucosa by depressing of gastric acid release and corresponse with a reducing histamine content of serum. And LE decreasd a volume of pepsin in stomach compraed to RE control, LE increased contents of total hexose and sialic acid based on esophageal and gastric mucus. This indicated that an increased mucus by LE protected inflammation of esophagus mucosa and gastric mucosa induced by gastric acid. So, LE suppressed a gasric acid by decreasing a pepsin release in stomach, suppressed an injury of esophagus inducted by gastric acid with increasing esophageal mucus and a minimum dose of LE to RE was 250 mg/kg. The results suggest that antioxidant effects of LF could attenuate the severity of reflux esophagitis and prevent the esophageal mucosal damage, and validate its therapeutic use in esophageal reflux disease.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.409-412
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• 2015

Monascus pilosus KCCM 60084를 백태와 서리태에 각각 접종시켜 $30^{\circ}C$에서 발효한 후, 홍국발효 콩에 함유된 미량의 생리활성물질에 대한 영향을 측정하였다. 천연 스타틴 성분인 mevinolin은 발효 전의 미 검출에서 홍국 발효 20일 후에 건조시료 g당(${\mu}g/g$ DW) 최대 $568.18{\mu}g$ 생산하였고, CoQ10의 함량은 발효전의 농도에 비해 발효 20일 후에 백태와 서리태 모두 2배 이상 증가하여 각각 $65.59{\pm}9.53$과 $54.92{\pm}5.27{\mu}g$으로 나타났다. 토코페롤 함량은 홍국발효에 의해 뚜렷한 변화가 관찰되지 않았다. 발효 전의 백태에 함유된 총 토코페롤 함량은 $312.87{\mu}g$으로 서리태의 $256.76{\mu}g$ 보다 약 22% 더 높았으며(p<0.05), 가장 많이 함유된 토코페롤 종류는 ${\gamma}$-토코페롤로 전체 농도의 약 55%을 차지 하였다. 따라서 홍국발효는 콩의 메비놀린과 CoQ10 성분의 농도를 발효과정을 통해 변화시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.563-568
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• 1997

갓김치의 발효과정 중 chlorophylls, chlorophyll de-rivatives 및 carotenoids의 함량 변화와 갓김치에서 얻어진 이의 조획분의 항산화성을 살펴보았다. 갓김치 발효기간에 따른 chlorophylls 및 carotenoids의 함량은 발효 7일 동안 chlorophylls가 pheophytins로 급격히 전환되었으며 chlorophylls와 함께 chlorophyllides는 높은 농도는 아니지 만 15일 까지는 존재하다가 그 이후 모두 pheophytins와 pheophorbides로 변했다. 갓김치 발효기간 동안 total chlorophylls에는 큰 변화없이 거의 일정하게 유지 되었으나 carotenoids는 발효 말기인 25일째에 초기 함량의 43.7%로 감소되었다. 갓김치에서 얻어진 chlorophylls와 carotenoids 조분획이 지방질의 자동산화에 미치는 영향을 조사하였을 때 $\alpha$-tocophe-rol 보다 높은 항산화성을 나타내었으며 발효기간에 따른 갓김치의 항산화성을 비교하였을 때 유의적으로 차 이는 없었다. 갓김치의 chlorophylls와 carotenoids 분획이 지방산의 산화에 대한 저해작용을 나타내는 동안 chlorophylls와 caratenoids의 감소율을 비교했을 때 총 chlorophylls가 총 caratenoids 보다 안정성이 높았다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.817-823
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• 2011

Angelicae gigas Nakai has been used as a traditional medicine as well as an edible vegetable in South Korea. In this study, the total phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidants of A. gigas Nakai leaves were examined in vitro via hydroxyl-radical-scavenging activity, reducing power activity, metal chelating assay, and DPPH-free -radical-scavenging assay. Among all the extracts from A. gigas Nakai leaves, the ethanol extract showed the strongest effects in all of the assays. The $EC_{50}$ values for the DPPH-radical-scavenging activities of ethanol, methanol, and water extracts were 31.47, 42.14, and $58.47{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Among the extracts from A. gigas Kakai leaves, the ethanol extract had the highest levels of total phenolics ($7.84{\pm}1.46$ mg TAN/g) and total flavonoids ($4.23{\pm}0.03$ mg QE/g), which correlated strongly with the individual phenolic-compound (p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillin, and trans-ferulic acid) contents. The ethanol extract also showed stronger antioxidant activity than tocopherol in hydroxyl- radical-scavenging activity assay. These results indicate that the ethanol extract of A. gigas Kakai leaves possesses significant antioxidant properties, which suggests its great potential as a functional-food ingredient in the food industry.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.632-642
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• 2019

The concentrations of functional compounds and micronutrients of chicken breast from native chickens were compared with those from broiler. Totally 200 male chicks from a commercial native chicken (HH) and three newly bred native chicken strains (2A, 2C, and 2D) were reared for about 2 kg of final live weight up to 12 wk. After slaughtered, antioxidant dipeptides, reducing sugar, free amino acids, vitamins, and minerals of the breast muscles were analyzed with those from broilers with similar live weight. Mostly native chicken strains had higher contents of carnosine, anserine, and reducing sugar than the broiler. Especially HH implied the highest values of carnosine and anserine, and 2C did the highest of reducing sugar (p<0.05). Vitamin A contents between native chickens and broiler were not significantly different (p>0.05). The contents of ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ were significantly higher in 2C than those of HH or broiler (p<0.05). Native chicken strains contained lower cholesterol levels than the broiler. Broiler had higher contents of P, Mg, and Na than native chickens (p<0.05), but it had lower content of Cu than HH or 2A. The savory free amino acids including glutamic acid was highest in 2A than the other native chickens and broiler (p<0.05). This study confirms that certain new strains of native chickens be a good source in terms of functional compounds and micronutrients which can be attractive health promoting nutritional quality factors.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.771-786
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• 2021

This study was performed to investigate the contents of fat-soluble nutrients (tocopherols, retinol, carotenoids, fatty acids, and cholesterol) and phospholipids (PLs) in seven types (imported SPA, SPS, SFS, and SSI; and domestic MLM, MPM, and NIX) of commercial infant formulas (IFs). The contents of tocopherol and retinol activity equivalent (RAE) in the seven IFs were 1.42 - 3.86 mg α-TE·100 kcal^-1 and 64.90 - 144.95 ㎍ RAE·100 kcal^-1, respectively. The imported IFs contained high contents of lutein + zeaxanthin (29.68 - 32.49 ㎍·100 g^-1) and lycopene (71.80 - 93.28 ㎍·100 g^-1), while the domestic IFs did not contain lycopene. The contents of linoleic acid (C18:2) and α-linolenic acid (C18:3) in the seven IFs were also within the recommended ranges (C18:2, 300 - 1,400 mg·100 kcal^-1 and C18:3, over 50 mg·100 kcal^-1) of Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. The ratio of arachidonic acid (ARA, C20:4)/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6) was 2.42 - 2.74 in the imported IFs and 0.96 - 1.08 in the domestic IFs. However, the DHA content of the domestic IFs (0.37 - 0.65 g·100 g^-1 fat%) was much higher than that of the imported IFs (0.16 - 0.18%). Total PL contents were 108.02 - 135.93 mg·100 kcal^-1 for the domestic IFs and 6.05 - 66.70 mg·100 kcal^-1 for the imported IFs. The main PLs of the domestic IFs were phosphatidyl choline (48.5 - 71.1% of total PLs), phosphatidyl ethanolamine (12.8 - 23.1%), phosphatidyl serine (7.0 - 11.6%), and sphingomyelin (4.3 - 21.5%).

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제68권3호
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• pp.175-187
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• 2023

Peanuts, also known as groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea L.), are globally recognized as a vital oilseed crop. Peanuts are rich in proteins (e.g., arginine), oils (e.g., oleic acid and linoleic acid), fiber, vitamins (e.g., niacin and tocopherol), and carbohydrates and are consumed worldwide. However, the presence of aflatoxin (AF) has garnered substantial attention since its initial discovery as the causative agent of Tukey's X disease in the United Kingdom in 1960. Among the 18 aflatoxins identified, aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) has the highest toxic activity and causes hepatocellular carcinoma. It is classified as Group I by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) of the World Health Organization (WHO). The present study was conducted to evaluate aflatoxin B₁ resistance of 102 peanut accessions and select putative aflatoxin B₁-resistant peanut accessions to aflatoxin B₁. One hundred and one Korean germplasms harvested in 2020 were inoculated with A. flavus to identify aflatoxin-resistant cultivars, and the aflatoxin B₁ concentration was measured using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector. Twenty-six accessions with aflatoxin B₁ concentrations lower than those of the check plant 55-437 were chosen for the development of aflatoxin-resistant varieties in Korea. As Korean aflatoxin-resistant varieties have not yet been developed, the findings of the present study are expected to provide useful information for the development of aflatoxin-resistant cultivars.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.247-261
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• 2023

Kimchi cabbage is widely consumed in Korea, with the popularity of this pickled vegetable dish growing internationally due to its health benefits. In this study, the physical (size, color), functional (antioxidant activity, total polyphenol, and flavonoid content), and nutritional (water- and fat-soluble vitamins) characteristics of two new kimchi cabbage varieties, namely red and gold kimchi cabbages (RKC and GKC, respectively), were analyzed and compared with those of the common kimchi cabbage (CKC). There were no significant differences in the thickness or length of the three kimchi cabbages, although RKC had the narrowest outer leaves among the three varieties (11.94 cm). Regarding chromaticity, yellowness was highest in GKC (29.86), whereas redness was highest in RKC (9.31). Furthermore, RKC had the highest recorded vitamin B₆ and B₉ (1,288.5 ㎍/100 g and 776.7 ㎍ dietary folate equivalent/100 g, respectively). On the other hand, the fat-soluble vitamins vitamin A (β-carotene) and K (Phylloquinone) were both highest in GKC (907.1 ㎍/100 g and 712.2 ㎍/100 g, respectively). Generally, all kimchi cabbage samples contained high levels of vitamin E (1.8-4.9 mg α-tocopherol equivalent/100 g). RKC attained the highest antioxidant activity and total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents among the three kimchi cabbages. These results show that gold and red kimchi cabbage can be used as raw materials in the food-processing industry.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.236-245
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• 2003

한국산 백삼으로부터 온도 및 에탄올 함유 비율을 달리하여 조제된 추출물들에 대한 angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) 저해활성을 검정하고 항산화 활성을 비교하기 위해 본 연구를 수행하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 10가지 조건에서 얻어진 추출물의 인삼분말에 대한 수율과 총 페놀함량은 $85^{\circ}C$에서 50% 에탄올로 추출했을 때 42.25% 및 0.82%로 가장 높았으며 대체적으로 가온조건이 상온조건보다 높았다. 상온 50% 에탄을 추출물로부터 조제된 분획물의 수율은 물 분획이 72.08%로 가장 높았고, 총 페놀함량은 에틸아세테이트 분획이 6.59%로 가장 높았다. 2. 10가지 추출물의 ACE 저해활성을 실험한 결과 $4000{\mu}g/ml$의 농도에서 상온 50% 에탄올 추출물이 93.8%로 가장 우수한 효과를 보였으며 이 값은 시판 ACE inhibitor의 85.2%보다도 월등하게 높은 수치였으며 분획물은 핵산(201%) > 에텔 (105%) > 에틸아세테이트 (67%) > 부탄올 (46%) < 물 분획 (19%)의 순으로 효과가 높았다. 3. 사람 LDL에 대한 산화저해효과 실험에서는 $85^{\circ}C$에서 얻어진 50% 에탄올 추출물이 $200{\mu}g/ml$의 농도에서 78.2%로 가장 효과적으로 항산화력을 보였으며 모든 추출물들이 60%이상의 높은 산화저해효과를 나타내었다. 분획물에 대한 LDL산화저해효과 검정 실험에서는 에텔 분획물 및 에틸아세테이트 분획물이 $10{\sim}200\;{\mu}g/ml$의 농도에서 $34.38%{\sim}78.13%$로 높은 활성을 보였다. 4. 각 에탄올 추출물의 linoleic acid 과산화저해 및 DPPH라디칼 소거효과는 그다지 높지 않았으며 비교 실험된 시판 천연 항산화제인 ${\alpha}-tocopherol$보다 매우 낮았다. 5 상관분석의 결과 총 페놀함량과 ACE 저해활성은 P<0.05의 수준에서 0.6353의 유의적인 상관성을 나타내었다. 이상의 실험결과로부터 인삼이 ACE 저해 및 LDL산화 저해작용을 효과적으로 나타내고 총 페놀함량이 많이 추출될 수 있으며 수율을 높일 수 있는 가장 적합한 조건은 상온 혹은 가온의 50% 에탄올 추출조건이었으며 인삼은 이러한 활성에 의해 항고혈압 및 동맥경화예방의 효과를 발휘 할 수 있을 것으로 기대되었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.192-197
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• 1999

통영 연안해역에서 채취된 35종의 해산무척추동물의 일반성분 조성과 sterol 및 $\alpha$-토코페롤함량을 정량하여 종별로 비교하였다. 단백질함량은 복족류 ($17.2\pm4.30\%$ ), 갑각류 ($16.8\pm4.06\%$), 두족류 ($15.3\pm3.24\%$) 등 초식성 및 육식성의 무척추동물에 비교적 많았고, 2매패류 ($11.8\pm2.49\%$), 멍게류 ($8.20\pm1.00\%$) 등 plank-ton 식성의 경우에 적었으며, 특히 해삼류 ($3.94\pm1.13\%$)와 같은 니식자 (mud swallow)에서는 아주 적었다. 총지질함량은 $0.24\%(청삼)\~1.96\%(멍게)$의 범위로 비교적 적었다. 탄수화물함량은 멍게류 ($6.60\pm4.53\%$ ), 2매패류 ($3.15\pm1.82\%$), 복족류 ($3.02\pm1.61\%$)에서 비교적 많았고, 두족류 ($1.00\pm0.63\%$)와 갑각류 ($0.52\pm0.57\%$)에서는 아주 적어 보통 어류의 경우와 유사하였다. 또한 수분함량은 해삼류 ($92.0\pm1.94\%$)에서 가장 많았고, 복족류 ($77.0\pm1.95\%$)에서 가장 적었으며, 나머지는 $80\~82\%$로서 대체로 유사하였다. 수분함량과 단백질함량 및 지질함량, 그리고 단백질함량과 지질함량 사이에는 각각 y= -0.8716x+184.452 (r=-0.87, p<0.001), $y=128.52e^{-0.0601x}$ (r=-0.55, P<0.001), $y=6.3047e^{-0.0904x}$(r=-0.42, P<0.02)으로서 모두 역의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 한편 sterol 함량은 (청삼 56mg/100g edible portion)에서 가장 적었고, 새조개 (216mg/100g)에서 가장 많았다. 동물그룹별로 보면 두족류 (148 $\pm$30.0mg) > 2매패 (121$\pm$35.0mg) > 복족류 (118$\pm$20.0mg) > 갑각류 (116$\pm$31.0mg) > 멍게류 (78.0$\pm$2.00 mg)> 해삼류 (62.0$\pm$8.00 mg)의 순으로 sterol 함량이 많았다. $\alpha$-토코페롤함량은 갑각류에서 1$\~$2 mg/100g를 함유하였으나, 나머지 무척추동물에서는 흔적 또는 1 mg/100g 이하였다.