• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.987-994
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• 2015

This study examines how single-person household expenditure patterns are different with respect to age and income groups using Tobit model. The expenditure data of the national household survey from 2006 to 2012 were used. The results show that income elasticities of all items are greater than 1 except for food & beverage, housing, water, electricity & gas, and Communication. Income elasticities are significantly different among consuming items. Additionally the income elasticities are also different between various age and income groups of single-person households. Therefore governments and businesses have to take this into account when devising their policies or strategies regarding single-person households. Especially, businesses need to adopt a strategy targeted at single-person households with high income and buying power such as unmarried professional people. As the number of single-person household increases the proportion of expenditures on necessities such as beverage, food, and energy is expected to decrease while that on services increases. Consequently policy responses are required to prepare for the expansion of service industries such as health, hospital, and housekeeping services.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.41-50
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• 2017

Purpose - Online product review has become a crucial part of the online retailer's market performance for a wide range of products. This research aims to investigate how an individual reviewer's review frequency and timing affect her/his average attitude toward products. Research design, data, and methodology - To conduct reviewer-level analysis, this study uses 42,172 posted online review messages generated by 6,941 identified reviewers for 59 movies released in the South Korea from July 2015 to December 2015. This study adopts Tobit model specification to take into account the censored nature and the selection bias arising from the nature of J-shaped distribution of movie rating. Results - Our estimation results support that the negative impact of review frequency and timing on valence. Furthermore, review timing has an inverted-U relationship with the user's average valence and enhance the negative effect of review frequency. Conclusions - This study contributes to the growing literature on the understanding how eWOM is generated at the individual consumer level. On the basis of the main empirical findings, this study provides insights into building a recommendation system in online retail store based on the consumer's review history data - frequency, timing, and valence.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.57-66
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• 2015

Objective : Private health insurance coverage in Korean medicine has been reduced since October 2009 for preventing unnecessary utilization. The aim of this study is to identify how private health insurance coverage reduction affects on the Korean medicine utilization. Method : We analyzed the Korea Health Panel data from 2008 to 2012. Panel negative binominal regression model was used to analyze the relationship between private health insurance coverage reduction and utilization of outpatient service. Panel tobit regression analysis was used to identify the relationship between private health insurance coverage reduction and health expenditure of outpatient service. Results : Private health insurance coverage reduction significantly dropped both utilization and health expenditure of outpatient service by 9%, 9.22% respectively. In addition, therapeutic utilization significantly decreased up to 10%. Conclusion : Private health insurance coverage reduction seems to have an effect to reduce both utilization and the health expenditure of Korean medicine outpatient service. This effect was more noticeable in the therapeutic utilization. Thus, more elaborate policy will be needed to prevent unnecessary utilization of Korean medicine.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.279-297
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• 2003

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the determinants of company R＆D investment with zero observations by using the data of R＆D Scoreboard published by Ministry of Science and Technology(2002). Conventional parametric approach to dealing with zero investments is not robust to heteroscedastic and/or non-normal error structure. Thus, this study applies symmetrically trimmed least squares(STLS) estimation as a semi-parametric approach to dealing with zero R&D investments. The result of specification test indicates the semi-parametric approach outperforms the parametric approach significantly. Moreover, the results of the study provide various implications as summarized below. The R&D investment of IT company is larger than that of non-IT company. The R&D investment has a positive relation to foreigners' investment ratio. The higher degree of financial self-reliance is, the larger the R&D investment is. Firm size variables such as sales amount and the number of workers are positively related to R&D investment. The sales elasticity of R&D investment is larger than one. However, the workers elasticity of R&D investment is smaller than one.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 2014

The purpose of this paper was to measure technical efficiencies and scale efficiencies of Korean seed industry by DEA method, and to identify the factors affecting the efficiencies by Tobit regression model. Survey data of 50 seed companies nationwide were applied for the analysis. The average score of overall technical efficiency for the surveyed companies in 2012 was 0.44, which is decomposed into pure technical efficiency 0.68 and scale efficiency 0.63. A majority of the seed companies exhibited at least one form of inefficiency except a few companies in optimal scale. It was also shown the most companies were operating in the stage of increasing returns to scale, which implies Korean seed companies are mainly in smaller scale than optimal. Additional results suggest that the Center for Private Seed Companies, which will be established at Gimje in 2015, plays an important role to make domestic seed companies improve their scale efficiency as well as pure technical efficiency by way of enlarging their size and co-using the high technology in the Center.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.439-451
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• 2020

This study focused on researching the factors affecting retail banking efficiency of Vietcombank branches in the Mekong-Delta region. By collecting data from financial statements from 15 branches of VCB in the Mekong-Delta Region between 2015 and 2018, the paper applies DEA estimation to measure the effectiveness of retail banking activities and uses the Tobit regression model to identify factors affecting retail banking efficiency. The results demonstrate that the retail banking efficiency of branches averaged 52.5% during the period. The rating result shows the branches in An Giang, Can Tho, Dong Thap, Kien Giang, Long An, Phu Quoc and Tra Noc rank at the top technical efficiency. In group of medium efficiency, there are branches in Soc Trang, Tien Giang and Vinh Long. In the category of the poor efficiency are the branches in Bac Lieu, Ben Tre, Ca Mau, Chau Doc and Tra Vinh. The results also show that bank scale-related factors, capital adequacy, credit quality, time specific and region impact significantly the retail banking efficiency. The research not, only contributes to enriching the empirical research method but also is significant for the management activities in business developing strategies, improving the operational efficiency of Vietcombank in the region.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.219-228
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• 2014

Even though consumers' concern about food-safety certified or environment-friendly chicken meat becomes one of the main issues of food consumption in Korea, university students' interest about food-safety certified or environment-friendly chicken meat was not often discussed. We realized that the cafeteria of university is one of the largest consumption points for the chicken meat of university students, and tried to analyze university students' consumption of food-safety certified or environment-friendly chicken meat at the cafeterias of university. The object of this paper is to conduct survey analysis about the students' behavior for consumption of food-safety certified or environment-friendly chicken meat at the cafeterias of university and to measure WTP(Willingness-to-pay) for the food cooked with food-safety certified or environment-friendly chicken meat. The results present that most of students show higher preference of environment-friendly chicken meat than food-safety certified chicken meat, and that they can pay 1,329.9 Korean won for food cooked with environment-friendly chicken meat.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.13-24
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• 2018

Purpose - This study investigates the moderation effect of internal factor, a firms size, on the external knowledge sourcing strategy and its effectiveness in generating radical innovation. We incorporate concepts of breadth and depth as two measures to gauge the degree of openness in firms external search Research design and methodology - The dependent variable in the regression model is the percentage of innovative sales and therefore, Tobit regression is employed for estimating significant factors affecting on the ratio of first-to-market by breadth and depth in external knowledge, internationalization, and size. Results - The results show that the external knowledge, in terms of both breadth and depth, has a positive relationship with radical innovation. However internationalization as external knowledge resources is not statistically accepted. Firm size has moderating effect on innovation negatively only in case of using external knowledge resources to a high degree. Conclusions - Firms obtain external information mostly from customers, competitors, and suppliers etc. empirical knowledge in terms of scope and intensity is an important contributor to innovation. And intensity use of external knowledge and information resources can work in favor of smaller firms rather than larger ones. Internationalization seems to have little effect on innovation but it requires further researches with clear criteria and more data.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.151-155
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• 2012

The cafeteria of university is one of the largest consumption point for the chicken meat of university students. However, few papers conducted research to analyze the consumption behavior of university students. The object of this paper is to conduct survey analysis about the students' behavior for consumption of chicken meat at the cafeterias of university and to measure WTP (Willingness-to-pay) for food cooked with domestic chicken meat. The results present that most of students show higher preference of domestic chicken meat and that they can pay 4,426 Korean won for food cooked with domestic chicken meat.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.49
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• pp.7-33
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• 2002

This study analyse interorganizational networks of the self-supporting service organizations using data on the 31 organizations in Chanju area. Interorganizational networks are operationalized in two ways: conference network and referral network. First, this study attempt to examine the characteristics of interorganizational networks of the self-supporting service organizations. Using block model, I can capture some of the structural features of interorganizational networks. Major findings of block modeling are as follows: (1) Public organizations are more inactive to make a connect with other organizations. (2) Most of organizations incline to make a connect with same kind organizations. Namely, employment service organizations incline to flock together, and social welfare organizations are also much the same. Second, this study attempt to examine the determinants of interorganizational networks of the self-supporting service organizations. Relations between pairs of organizations are modeled as a function of dyadic level covariates in accordance with resource dependence, transaction cost, and organizational domain theory. Measure of informal ties between organizations are also included as covariates. Applying logit and tobit regression methods, this study reveals that most variables have effects on the dyadic relations of organizations. Through this empirical analysis, I can suggest policy implications for the self-supporting programs in Korea.