• 한국연초학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.215-219
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• 1984

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of physical and chemical characteristics of lower grade tobacco with treatment of ozone. In ozonization of low grade tobacco, optimum moisture was 20 percentage, and decrease ratio of content of tobacco leaf was 30 percentage in nicotine , 15.9 percentage in total volatile base, 10.5 percentage in petroleum-ether-extract, 29.5 percentage in solanesol, and decrease ratio of cigarette smoke composition was 31 percentage in nicotine, 6.08 percentage in tar.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.162-169
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• 1997

An important and somewhat under-emphasized issue in assessing the risk potentially associated with exposure to ETS is the reliability and objectivity of the methods used to measure the actual level of exposure. Objectivity of the science is crucial in this context since this topic tends to elicit strong social, emotional and political responses among the general public and the scientific community alike. This mini-review compares the strengths and limitations of various methods used in determining ETS exposure in scientific investigations. Methods reviewed include: questionnaire, area monitoring, bio-monitoring, and personal monitoring. In particular, results of several recent studies (conducted in the United States, Europe, and the Far East) using personal monitors in combination with questionnaire and bio-monitoring, which contribute to a more reliable, objective and realistic estimates of a person's actual exposure to 575, are discussed.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회 2002년도 Molecular and Cellular Response to Toxic Substances
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• pp.173-173
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• 2002

• 한국연초학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연초학회 2004년도 28회 정기총회 및 51회 학술발표회
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• pp.35-36
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• 2004

• 한국연초학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연초학회 2004년도 28회 정기총회 및 51회 학술발표회
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• pp.32-32
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• 2004

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.179-185
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the delivery pattern of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) in mainstream smoke generated by the combustion of a different ventilated cigarette. To compare the delivery pattern and the concentration of VOCs in mainstream smoke, the six different ventilated cigarette was manufactured and analyzed VOCs using the GC/MS. As a result of this experiments, cambridge filter used to trap the particulate matter in mainstream smoke did not affect on the trapping of VOCs components, and two impinger method among the trapping methods was the best condition to trap VOCs from mainstream smoke. As the slope of the delivery of VOCs such as isoprene, acrylonitrile and toluene were higher than 1, but that of benzene was lower than other VOCs.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.179-184
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• 2001

This study was conducted to determine the smoke component distribution and the relationship between chemical components and physical characteristics of cigarettes. 16 different cigarette brands which were sold in the market were selected for this study. Five kinds of smoke components which have been tar, nicotine, water, carbon monoxide(CO) puff No., and six kinds of physical characteristics which were filter type, leaf weight, filter weight, UPD, EPD, dilution rate were analyzed. The average values in tar, nicotine, water, CO concentration were 6.5 mg/cig. 0.66 mg/cig, 1.12 mg/cig. and 6.32 mg/cig., respectively. The average ratios of nicotine/tar and CO/tar were 0.10, and 1.02 respectively. The distribution of smoke components collected in the cambridge filter and cigarette filter was different. The averages of tar and nicotine removal efficiency by a cigarette filter were 53%, and 48%, respectively. All smoking components were positively correlated with other smoking components. filter types, EPD, and dilution rate were showed high correlation to the changes of smoke components. Especially, dilution rate of cigarette strongly affected on the changes of all smoke components.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.218-224
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• 1998

Long-term exposure of cigarette smoke or air pollutants to human can induce damages in the airway mucociliary function and can be closely related to the irritation and sputum formation in the respiratory system. This study was undertaken to investigate whether rat trachea can be used as a tool for evaluating the cigarette smoke quality. It was identified that, through the examination with inverted microscope, ciliary beating in 1 mm long cut of nat trachea ring was continued for at least 48 hours in saline solution at $25^{\circ}C$. The ciliostasis time in a KCN solution as a positive control was decreased with increasing the concentration of KCN. There were no significant differences in the ciliostasis time by body weight and individual variation of rats. Ciliotoxicity of whole smoke trapped in saline was not significantly changed by aging for more than 6 hrs. The ciliostasis time was in inverse proportion to the number of sample cigarettes applied. As moisture in the cigarette was increased, ciliostasis time was linearly increased. Therefore, these data indicate that the ciliotoxicity test using rat trachea in vitro can be applied to evaluate the cigarette smoke quality and to search factors for the irritation and sputum formation by cigarette smoke as well as air pollutants.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2007

Hydrogen cyanide(HCN), formed from pyrolysis of various nitrogenous compounds such as protein, amino acids and nitrate in tobacco, is present in both the particulate phase and vapor phase of cigarette smoke. Typically the determination of HCN in cigarette smoke has been done through colorimetric and electrochemical techniques, such as fluorescence spectrometry, UV-spectrophotometry (UV), continuous flow analyzer (CFA), capillary GC-ECD and ion chromatography (IC). Most of these techniques are known to be time-consuming and some of them lack specificity or sensitivity. The available results from both our laboratory and reported literatures for 2R4F Kentucky reference cigarette, smoked under ISO condition, show a relatively wide variation ranging from 100 to 120 ug/cig of HCN. Especially, the precision and accuracy of the analytical results of HCN tend to get worse in low tar cigarettes and under intense smoking condition. In this paper, a more optimized analytical methods than previous ones are suggested. This method shows lower detection limit and has improved precision and accuracy, so it is applicable for wide tar level cigarettes under intense smoking condition as well as under ISO smoking condition. Important features of this method are improved sample collection and quantification systems such as the number of trapping units, volume, temperature and type of trapping solution. To avoid volatilization loss of HCN in analyzing mainstream smoke, it is highly recommended that pH values of trapping solutions should be maintained over 11 and cold traps should be used in collecting mainstream smoke.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 1998

The bulk curing experiment to the improve the quality of flue-cured leaves were carried out to evaluate relationship between cyclic curing and conventional curing method. We studied the effect of the cyclic change of wet bulb temperature at the yellowing stage of flue curing on chemical properties of cured leaves. The wet bulb temperature was automatically controlled between preset high($38^{\circ}C$) and low point ($35^{\circ}C$) everyone hour cyclically during 12 hours after starting luring. As a result, the acceleration of the increase in the chemical properties of cured leaves were observed. As to the chemical properties, there was decreased in citric acid, increased in malic acid of the nonvolatile organic acids and all higher fatty acids content of leaves cured by this method compared with in that of conventional curing method, while a major chemical compounds in relation to aromatic essence of cigarette smoke in essential oil components of lured leaves was mostly higher in this method than those of conventional ones, and it was evaluated that there was decreased in CO, TPM, Tar, and $CO_2$ content of the cigarette smoke comparing to the conventional luring method.