• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2020

Background: Hong Kong's construction industry currently faces a manpower crisis. Blue-collar workers are a disadvantaged group and suffer higher levels of chronic diseases, for example, cancer, than the wider population. Cancer risk factors are likely to cluster together. We documented prevalence of cancer-associated lifestyle risk behaviors and their correlates among Hong Kong construction workers. Methods: Data were collected from workers at 37 railway-related construction worksites throughout Hong Kong during May 2014. Tobacco use, alcohol consumption, unbalanced nutrition intake, and physical inactivity were included in the analysis. Latent class analysis and multivariable logistic regression were performed to identify the patterns of risk behaviors related to cancer, as well as their impact factors among construction workers in Hong Kong. Results: Overall, 1,443 workers participated. Latent class analysis identified four different behavioral classes in the sample. Fully adjusted multiple logistic regression identified age, gender, years of Hong Kong residency, ethnicity, educational level, and living status differentiated behavioral classes. Conclusion: High levels of lifestyle-related cancer-risk behaviors were found in most of the Hong Kong construction workers studied. The present study contributes to understanding how cancer-related lifestyle risk behaviors cluster among construction workers and relative impact factors of risk behaviors. It is essential to tailor health behavior interventions focused on multiple risk behaviors among different groups for further enlarging the effects on cancer prevention.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권17호
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• pp.7675-7681
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• 2015

Background: Hazardous health behaviour in young people is an important factor that affects the individual risk for non-communicable diseases and other disorders later in life. This study aimed to determine the hazardous health behaviour of first and last class medical students of Erciyes University. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was carried out with 240 medical students from the first and 130 students from the last (sixth) class. Data were obtained by questionnaire between March-April 2012. In total, 339 students were included with a response rate of 91.6%. Socio-demographic characteristics, school success, self-reported economic difficulties, health perceptions, hazardous health behaviour related to chronic disease, tobacco, alcohol, substance use, body weight, height, traffic, violence and nutrition were assessed in line with the literature. Results: Of the participants; 64.0% were from first and 36.0% were from the last class. Mean ages for the first and last classes were $19.4{\pm}1.5$ and $24.0{\pm}1.5years$, respectively. In the current study, males exhibited more hazardous behaviour than females. Sime 19.8% of the students in the study group used alcohol, 35.4% used a waterpipe, and 24.8% used tobacco at least once. These rates increased in both genders in the last class and the increase in males was significant. Some 3.8% of the students in the current study used pleasure-inducing illegal substances at least once. All the students participating in the current study were single, the number of males reported not using condoms (8.6%) was 4.56 times higher compared to females. Some 64.0% of the students did not perform physical activity lasting at least 30 minutes for five times a week, 13.0% did not sleep for mean 7-8 hours daily, males having a 2.9 times higher risk. More than 1/3 of the students did not consume cooked vegetable dishes and 1/4 did not consume fresh fruits and salads, the rates were higher among males. Conclusions: In the current study, hazardous health behaviour was prevalent among medical students, with higher risks among males and last class students. According to these results, medical curriculum may be focused on decreasing hazardous health behaviour. In addition, in order to prevent unhealthy behaviour, the number of youth-friendly health facilities should be increased.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.128-134
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• 1990

예산읍내의 중요시설채소재배지 세부락을 중심으로 작부양식, 시비방법, 토양화학성, 작물의 영양상태와 생육상황을 조사하였다. 토마토의 시듦병 은 토양의 높은 EC와 질소함량 그리고 뿌리흑선충과 밀접하게 관련된것 같다. 칼슘결핍은 토양의 높은 K와 EC 그리고 토마토의 높은 철흡수에 기인하는것 같다. 여름배추는 80%의 생육억제를 보였는데 높은 EC(1.8mmho/cm) 때문이며 근류병(무사마귀명)을 보였는데 토양의 높은 인산함량(1,055 ppm) 때문인것 같다. 열무는 50%의 생육저하를 보였는데 높은 EC(1.6 mmho/cm), K 및 Mg 그리고 염기의 불균형때문으로 보인다. 다섯가지의 복합비료가 기비로 사용되고 질소칼리의 한가지 복비는 염화킬리 및 뇨소와 같이 추비로 사용하였다. 가축분의 다량사용과 매 적부시의 화학비료 다량 사용은 심토까지 과부화를 시켰다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.3533-3540
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• 2016

Background: Cigarette smoking is one of the leading global causes of premature and preventable death. In Brunei Darussalam, smoking-related diseases have been a primary cause of mortality for the past three decades. Despite the increasing efforts that have been made in recent years to reduce the consumption of tobacco products in Brunei, the prevalence of adolescent smoking cigarette, however has risen alarmingly, from 8.9% in 2013 to 11.4% in 2014, with a higher prevalence found in males (17.8%) than in females (4.8%). In response to the need for more effective smoking prevention programmes in Brunei, this study sought to explore factors that influence Bruneian male adolescents to start and continue smoking. Materials and Methods: A qualitative study using focus group discussions (FGDs) as the data collection method was conducted from October to November 2015. A total of 43 studentss, comprising 31 smokers and 12 non-smokers, aged 13-17 years, from two government secondary schools in Bandar Seri Begawan, participated in six FGDs. Discussions were recorded and translated. Transcripts were entered into NVivo10, before thematic analysis was conducted. Results: We identified three themes under the core construct of 'factors influencing smoking initiation' ('family as teachers', 'overt pressure from peers' and 'perceived smoking has many advantages') and three themes under the core construct of 'factors influencing smoking continuation' ('craving and addiction', 'smoking as a 'social activity' and 'easy accessibility of cigarettes'). Conclusions: Based on the findings, it is recommended that future prevention activities should be embedded in a comprehensive approach, involving all stakeholders within a community, and should be focused towards bringing a change in smoking and parenting behavior of parents, social norms within the culture towards all population levels, and at strengthening the existing non-smoking policies in schools and other public places where young people congregate.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.82-95
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to provide a basis to recognize the health behaviors of middle-aged women that are constructive to a healthy life style. Data were collected from interview of questionnaires completed by 208 middle-aged women living in Incheon from November 1 to 30, 1999. The questionnaires used in this study were obtained from publications on health-related topics shown in literature review. These topics included : health concept, diseases, use of tobacco, alcohol, caffeine, drug, exercise and diet, cause of stress and stress management. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics using the SPSS program. The results of this study were as follows. 1. Middle-aged women though of concept of health as a doing daily living pattern(48.1%). 2. 49.5% of the middle-aged women had illness or disease, which included gastritis, arthritis, anemia, hypertension, indigestion and allergies. 3. 1.4% of the middle-aged women smoked cigarettes. Most of them began to smoke due to stress. 4. 42.3% of the middle-aged women drink alcohol. Most of them began drinking due to peer pressure. 5. 28.8% of the middle-aged women consumed caffeine-containing products 5-7 times per week. 6. 55.3% of the middle-aged women took drugs. Most of the drugs were digestant and analgesics. 7. 21.2% of the middle-aged women exercised more than 2 times per week. 8. Most of causes of stress were economic difficulties and sickness. The method of stress management were enduring and sleeping.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2000

The microsurgical reconstruction is necessary for elderly patients to treat severe trauma and head and neck tumor. The aim of this study is to analyze the risks of microvascular surgery and whether or not happening of more complication in elderly patients who are older than 60 years old and to suggest the solution of the complication. The retrospective study included 41 elderly patients who underwent treatment of 44 microsurgical reconstructions among total 271 cases of microsurgical reconstruction from July, 1988 to December, 1998. Their ages ranged from 61 years to 79 years. There were 26 males and 15 females. The involved sites were 23 head and necks, 13 upper gastrointestinal tracts, 3 lower extremities, 1 chest and 1 sacral region. The causes of microsurgical reconstruction were 36 head and neck tumors, 2 radionecrosis, 2 traumas and 1 melanoma in lower limb. The used flaps were 14 radial forearm flaps, 13 jejunal flaps, 10 latissimus dorsi muscle flaps, 3 rectus abdominis muscle flaps, 2 lateral arm flaps, 1 scapular flap, and 1 iliac osteocutaneous flap. They had medical problems which were 29 tobacco abuse, 14 hypertensions, 13 alcohol abuse, 10 chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, 7 diabetes mellituses, 3 ischemic heart diseases. All patients have had successful results without specific complications except 3 cases of free flap failure and 3 perioperative death. The causes of 3 flap failures were 2 flap necrosis due to arterial insufficiency and 1 flap loss due to secondary infection. All of these cases were treated with secondary free flap surgery. However 3 patients died perioperatively due to 2 respiratory arrests and 1 sepsis. It was not related to operate microsurgical reconstruction itself, but was correlated with the complication of postoperative care after head and neck surgery. We conclude that plastic surgeons consider the importance of prevention of expected complication as thorough analysis of operative risk factor and appropriate treatment. We had to select the donor and recipient vessel appropriately to perform successful microsurgery in elderly patients and consider vein graft and end-to-side anastomosis to reduce complication if necessary. In addition, we emphasize the importance of pre, peri and postoperative care in head and neck cancer patients to reduce postoperative complication and morbidity.

• 식물병연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

Viruses diagnosed on crops including rice plants from farmers or agricultural extension agencies cover the country were 11 species including Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2) in 2008. Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was the most important virus having the detection rate of 22.9%. Two viruses of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and Tobacco leaf curl virus (TLCV) inducing leaf yellow and curl diseases on tomatoes were occurred newly with the detection rate of 12.2% and 4.0%, respectively, in 2008. Rice stripe virus (RSV) was occurred on 869.5 ha mainly at Jindo and Haenam areas in Jeollanamdo province. At Jindo area, 12 plots were damaged severely with the infected hill rate of 83.8%. At the main production area of oriental melon at Seongju, almost all fruits from whole sale market at Seongju were infected with Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) as the detection rate of 87%. The areas occurred TSWV in Korea were 25 totally from 2003 including 7 areas newly reported in 2008 including Naju in Jeoallanamdo. TSWV could be reduced as 0.1 % from 5.3% by covering insect proof net in vinyl house after chemical soil sterilization. Tomato yellow leaf curl disease was occurred on April in 2008 at Tongyoung area in Kyeongsangnamdo, and detected continuously at 13 areas, 7 in Kyeongsangnamdo, 4 in Jeollabukdo and 2 in Jejudo. Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) was occurred abruptly in a confined space of a civil breeding greenhouse and a cultivar evaluation field followed by disuse 17.4 M/T of potato tubers. No PSTVd was detected at 17 fields cultivated the related potatoes to the bred company by RT-PCR.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.576-584
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• 2000

연구배경 : 흡연이 폐암발생의 중요한 원인이라는 사실은 분명하지만 흡연 양이나 흡연기간 뿐만 아니라 흡연과 관련된 여러 요소들의 역할도 중요하게 고려해야 한다. 본 연구는 남녀별 흡연력 및 흡연과 관련된 요소들에 대한 폐암의 발생위험도를 구하여 담배 속 발암물질에 대한 남녀별 감수성 차이를 알아보았다. 방법 : 본 연구는 환자-대조군 연구로 영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원 내과를 방문하여 폐 기능 검사를 받았던 사람들을 대상으로 흡연력 및 흡연량, 흡연습관에 관한 설문조사를 하였다. 조직학적으로 원발성 폐암이 확인된 경우를 대상환자로 하였고, 다변량 회귀분석을 이용하여 교차비를 구하고, 이를 폐암발생의 상대적인 발생위험도로 인정하였다. 결과 : 흡연력이 있었던 여자는 흡연력이 없는 경우에 비하여 교차비는 1.9이었으며, 특히 Kreyberg I의 경우 교차비는 3.8로 증가하였다. 또한 여자 중 현재흡연자의 교차비는 4.0으로 남자의 2.3보다 훨씬 높았다. Kreyberg I 여자 환자로 20갑 년 이상 흡연하였을 때 교차비는 5.4(남자 : 1.6), 하루 1갑 이상 흡연 하였을 경우 교차비는 6.9(남자 : 5.0)로 남자보다 훨씬 높았다. 흡입정도에 따른 교차비는 중등도 이상 흡입한 경우 여자 6.7, 남자 2.4로 여자에서 현저하게 높았으며, 한 개피 당 동일한 길이의 담배를 피웠을 때도 폐암의 발생 위험도는 여자가 높았다(여자 3.7:남자 2.0). 또한 필터 유 무에 따른 폐암 발생위험도의 차이는 남녀 모두에게 있었으나 여자에서 더 뚜렷하였다. 결론 : 흡연에 따른 폐암발생의 감수성은 여자가 남자보다 더 높았으며, 이러한 성별간 감수성의 차이는 흡연 양이나 흡연습관, 또는 환경적인 요인 뿐만 아니라 발암물질의 활성이나 제거 등과 같은 대사의 차이에도 그 원인이 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.27-39
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• 2024

Purpose : Smoking is a major factor in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the effect of electrical cigarette smoking on COPD development is still uncertain. This study aimed to compare the functions of airways and lungs exposed to combustible cigarettes and electrical cigarettes based on the pulmonary function test (PFT) results from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods : This study used data from 8,942 participants with PFT results out of 47,309 total subjects from the 6th to 8th Korean NHANES (2014-2015, 2016-2018, and 2019, respectively). Individuals with diseases such as cancer, ex-smokers, and dual tobacco users were excluded. The PFT results were analyzed according to the COPD diagnostic criteria. After adjusting for confounding variables, a complex sample generalized linear model ANOVA test was performed to investigate the association between PFT results and combustible smoker or electrical cigarette user groups. Results : In an analysis based on the obstructive ventilatory disorders (forced expiratory volume in 1 second[FEV₁]/forced vital capacity[FVC]<.7), combustible cigarette smokers showed a 3.46 times higher risk of COPD compared to non-smokers, while electrical cigarette smokers exhibited no significant difference in terms of COPD-related risks compared to non-smokers. FEV₁ showed a negative relation with combustible cigarette smokers as reported elsewhere (B=-.07, p<.001). FEV₁/FVC was negatively related to both combustible cigarette smokers (B=-.03, p<.001) and electrical cigarette smokers (B=-.02, p<.001). Conclusion : FEV₁/FVC decreases were observed in the long-term exposure to both combustible and electrical cigarettes. The lower FEV₁ in the combustible cigarette group implies the worsening of the severity of COPD, suggesting more damage to the airways and lungs in the short term. Therefore, the temporary electrical cigarettes use for the transition period in order to smoking cessation potentially aids to reduce the harmful effect of combustible cigarettes in COPD development.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.177-183
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• 2012

Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs)에 의해 유발되는 풋마름병은 감자 재배 시 발병하는 주요 병 중의 하나이다. 감자에서 풋마름병 저항성관련 유전자를 찾기 위해 기존에 기능이 알려진 다른 가지과 작물의 기능 유사 유전체를 이용하여 StACRE (HM749652) 유전자를 분리하고 염기서열을 분석하였다. 분리한 StACRE의 발현양상을 분석하기 위해 병 저항성 유도 신호전달 물질인 SA와 풋마름병원균 Rs (KACC10722)를 처리한 감자에서 RNA를 추출하여 RT-PCR을 실시한 결과 이 유전자는 SA 처리에 의해 3시간 후부터, Rs에 의해서는 12시간 후부터 발현이 현저하게 증가하였다. 따라서, 감자에서 이 유전자의 생물학적인 기능을 분석하기 위해 Gateway System을 이용하여 과발현용 vector를 만든 후 과발현 형질전환 감자를 제작하고 풋마름병균인 Rs를 접종하여 병 저항성 기능을 검정 한 결과 대조구인 수미 감자에 비해 병 저항성이 증대하였다.