• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.136-141
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• 1989

The purpose of this survey was to understand the attitudes, consumption patterns and preferences of domestic consumers relating to ginseng products in general. This study involved 1,305 people (420 agents, 742 ginseng farmer, 143 staff of Korea Tobacco and Ginseng Co.). The results obtained are summerized as follows. 1, Preferences for ginseng were very high for the majority of the respondents. 2. Most (80%) of the respondents had experience in taking ginseng. They expected ginseng to have efficacy as remidy for the hang-over syndrome, gastronil troubles and high blood pressure, in that order. 3. The patron of ginseng were, for the most part, men in the prime of manhood and old age. The favored products and the preferences regarding the organic condition of the ginseng products differed by sex and age. 4 To sum up the results of this study, we conclude that moderate priced ginseng products, not only easy to use and carry but also attractive to age and sex, should be developed without losing the efficacious components and characteristics.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.161-166
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• 1981

홍삼(紅蔘)의 특징(特徵)이라고 할 수 있는 갈색화반응(褐色化反應)에 의(依)해서 생성(生成)된 갈변물질(褐變物質)의 항산화효과(抗酸化?果)와 여러가지 기본적(基本的)인 성질(性質)을 조사(調査)하였다. 인삼(人蔘) model system을 이용(利用)하여 갈변반응(褐變反應)을 시킨 결과(結果) 갈색도(褐色度)는 반응시간(反應時間)에 비례(比例)하여 증가(增加)하였으나 항산화효과(抗酸化?果)는 반응시간(反應時間) 17시간(時間)까지 갈색도(褐色度)에 비례(比例)하여 증가(增加)하였으나 그 이후에는 일정(一定)한 level을 유지하였다. 증삼시간별(蒸蔘時間別)로 실제(實際) 홍삼(紅蔘)을 제조(製造)하여 갈색도(褐色度) 및 항산화능(抗酸化能)을 조사(調査)한 바 model system에서 얻은 결과(結果)와 유사(類似)하였다. 투석(透析)에 의해서 분리(分離)된 인삼갈변반응물질(人蔘褐變反應物質)은 외액(外液)이 내액(內液)보다 갈색도(褐色度)가 낮았지만 더 강(强)한 항산화효과(抗酸化效果)를 보였다. 인삼갈변물질(人蔘褐變物質)을 Amberlite 이온교환수지(交換樹脂)를 사용(使用)하여 3개의 peak로 분리(分離)하였으며 유출(流出)차례에 따라 fraction I, II 및 III으로 명명(命名)하였다. 가장 갈색도(褐色度)가 강(强)한 fraction II는 전체(全體) peak의 80.7%로 강(强)한 항산화효과(抗酸化效果)를 나타냈으며 Somogyi-Nelson시약(試藥)에 대(對)하여 환원능(還元能)을 보였고 ninhydrin반응(反應)에 양성(陽性)이었다. 인삼갈변반응물질(人蔘褐變反應物質)과 백삼(白蔘) 및 홍삼(紅蔘)의 75% ethanol 추출물(抽出物)이 DPPH에 대(對)한 수소공여성(水素供與性)을 측정(測定)한 바 백삼(白蔘)은 수소공여성(水素供與性)이 거의 없었으나 홍삼추출물(紅蔘抽出物)은 수소공여성(水素供與性)이 강(强)하였다. 특히 인삼갈변반응물질(人蔘褐變反應物質)은 5mg/ml의 농도(濃度)에서 BHA와 같은 level의 수소공여성(水素供與性)을 나타냈다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.105-110
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• 1999

In our continuing search for new antineoplastic agents from natural products, one hundred and thirty-five herbal drugs were extracted with petroleum ether/ether (1:1), ethyl acetate and methyl alcohol, successively and their cytotoxicities were evaluated against A549 (human lung carcinoma) and SK-OV-3(human ovary adenocarcinoma) cell lines. Among them, fifteen kinds of ether extracts, eighteen kinds of ethyl acetate extracts and seven kinds of methanol extracts showed significant cytotoxic activities (above 70% inhibition) against A549 cell lines at a concentration of $40\;{\mu}g/ml,$ while ten kinds of ether extracts, thirteen kinds of ethyl acetate extracts and six kinds of methanol extracts demonstrated significant cytotoxic activities against SK-OV-3 cell lines at the above same concentration.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.169-178
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• 1985

In the previous paper, the kinetics of cellulose were described. In this study, the ability of some additives to act as a flame promoter for cellulose was investigated using dynamic thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. The treated cellulose was thermally decomposed through the two model as previously noted with the untreated cellulose. The first step was associated with the flaming combustion of volatile material released in the fraunentation process and the second was caused by the glowing combustion of carbonaceous residue. The first group of the additives, which could be divided into two groups by the pyrolytic mechanism of cellulose, appeared to catalyze the fragmentation, maximizing the degradation to produce tarry products, with gaseous flammable substrate. The heat evolved in flaming combustion mode was increased significantly by the treatment of the cellulose retained 1-5% of the first group additives.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.120-127
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• 2003

Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) from Bacillus stearothermophilus synthesized vanillin and ethyl vanillin monoglucoside, with a series of its maltooligoglucosides by transglycosylation with dextrin as a donor, and vanillin or ethyl vanillin as an acceptor. The monoglucoside formed from reaction mixture of vanillin or ethyl vanillin by the successive actions of CGTase and Rhizopus glucoamylase was isolated by extraction with n-butanol saturated with water and silica gel column chromatography. The structure of the isolated monoglucoside was identified as vanillin- $\alpha$ -D-glucoside and ethyl vanillin- $\alpha$ -D-glucoside, respectively, by FAB-MS, UV, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectra and products by hydrolysis with acid, $\alpha$ - and $\beta$ -glucosidases.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.123-130
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• 1982

Studies were carried out to clarify the effect of ginsenoside-Rbl -Rbr and acid hydrolyzatps of ginsenoside-Rbl, -Rb2 (HRbl, HRbf) on lipolysis and lipogenesis induced by epinephrine, glucagon, ACTH (adrenocorticotrophic hormone), TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) and insulin in rat adipose tissilr. HRbl , HRb2 slightly inhibited lipolysis induced by epinephine. glucagon and TSH. ACTH-induced lipolysis in fat tissue slices was significantly inhibited by ginsenoside -Rbl, -Rb2, HRbl and HRb2, particulary HRb2. None of ginsenoside-Rbl, -Rb2, HRbl and HRb2 accelerated insulin-stimulated lipogenesis in fat calls. Among ginseng products, extract powder (freeze dried), extract powder (spray dried), red ginseng powder inhibited ACTH-induced lipolysis in adipose tissue slices, but red ginseng extract not affect them.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.94-100
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• 2002

Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase from Bacillus stearothemophilus and Bacillus macerans synthesized maltol and ethyl maltol monoglucoside, with a series of its maltooligo-glucosides by transglycosylation with dextrin as a donor, and maltol or ethyl maltol as an acceptor. The monoglucoside formed from reaction mixture of maltol or ethyl maltol by the successive actions of Bacillus stearothemophilus cyclodextrin glucanotransferase and Rhizopus glucoamylase was isolated by Diaion HP-20 column and silica gel column chromatography. The structure of the isolated monoglucoside was identified as maltol-$\alpha$-D-glucoside and ethyl maltol-$\alpha$-D-glucoside, respectively, by FAB-MS, UV, $^1$H-NMR, $^{13}$ C-NMR spectra and products by hydrolysis with acid, $\alpha$ - and $\beta$ -glucosidases.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.30-36
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• 1962

The mechanism of synthesis of the toacco mosaic virus(TMV) and the potato virus X(PVX) was investigated using the methods of ultraviolet light irradiation and serological analysis. In vitro irradiation of UV on the infected tobacco juice for 10 minutes caused the infectivity of TMV and PVX to decrease markedly on their respective local lesion indicator hosts, Nicotiana glutinosa L. and Gomphrena globosa L., indicating that UV destroys directly the infectivity of the virus particles. Ten minutes after the UV was irradiated on the leaves of the two indicator hosts before inoculation, the infectivity of TMV decreased as it was irradiated in vitro, whereas that of PVX increased by 26% as compared with the unirradiated control. When the two viruses were mix-inoculated in the common host of tobacco and the synthetic products were analyzed by serological methods for a two week infection period, it was found that both viruses were multiplying more rapidly and abundantly than they were singly inoculated into the same host species. Titers from mixed series were often two times as high as those of singly inoculated series. A mechanism of competition in the synthesis between the mixed viruses in the common host is postulated.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.133-143
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• 2022

E-cigarettes were considered safe at the early stage of market entry because they were thought not to contain harmful ingredients such as nicotine and because the smoke emitted was vapor. For this reason, the use of e-cigarettes as a safer alternative to tobacco cigarettes or as a smoking cessation aid has emerged. However, the study results on the effectiveness of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation are mixed. In response to the increased use of e-cigarettes, foreign countries have implemented various regulations, such as utilizing e-cigarettes for smoking cessation with a prescription in Australia; however, South Korea is still standing firm on recommending not to use e-cigarettes at all. Therefore, the effectiveness of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation and the regulatory trends of e-cigarette use overseas will be reviewed to discuss the future direction in South Korea needs to take.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.6141-6145
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• 2013

Background: The objective of the study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and behaviors of the practicing dentists regarding tobacco cessation counseling (TCC) in Chhattisgarh state and also the barriers that prevent them from doing so. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted among dental practitioners of Raipur district, Chhattisgarh state (India). The sampling frame was registration with the State Dental Council and practicing in Raipur district. A questionnaire was personally administered and the practitioners were given explanations regarding how to complete it. Only descriptive statistics were calculated (SPSS version 16 for Windows). Results: Based on the responding dentists' self reports, 76% were not confident in TCC, 48% did not assume TCC to be their responsibility, 17% considered that it might have a negative impact on their clinical practice, whereas 24% considered it might take away precious time from their practice, 25% considered TCC by dentists to be effective to a considerable extent and 80% considered TCC activities are not effective due to lack of formal training, 69% considered dental clinics as an appropriate place for TCC but 82% thought there must be separate TCC centre and 100% of the dentists wanted TCC training to be a part of practice and that it should be included in dental curriculum. Some 95% of them were of the view that tobacco products should be banned in India and 86% responded that health professionals must refrain from tobacco habits so to act as role models for society. Conclusions: Dental professionals must expand their armamentarium to include TCC strategies in their clinical practice. The dental institutions should include TCC in the curriculum and the dental professionals at the primary and the community health care level should also be trained in TCC to treat tobacco dependence.