• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.164-167
• /
• 2006

An immunocapture reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (IC/RT-PCR) was developed for simultaneous detection of two pepper-infecting RNA viruses, Pepper mud mottle virus (PMMoV) and Tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV). The assay could be performed in a single tube for simultaneous and sensitive detection of these tobamoviruses. This detection system revealed thousand-fold increase in detection sensitivity compare to ELISA. This method could save time and reagent cost compare to common RT-PCR which needs several reactions and several procedures of viral RNA extractions for the same number of samples.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
• /
• 1999.04a
• /
• pp.2-3
• /
• 1999

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.738-740
• /
• 1998

Bacterial soft rot was occurred on fruit of pepper that was grown in Chunceon, Kangwon province, Korea. The symptoms began as a small hole at 5 mm diameter, which made injury by a tobacco bud worm (Heliothis assulta). The affected fruit became soft and produced offensive odor. The causal organism was isolated from the diseased fruit and was identified as Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora based on the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and on the results of the Biolog program (Biolog Inc., U. S. A.). E. carotovora subsp. carotovora is the first described bacterium which causes bacterial soft rot on pepper in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
• /
• 1994.06a
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 1994

Biological control of plant disease has been considered a potential control strategy in integrated pest management in recent years. This paper reviewed the progress of research on the biological control of plant diseases in Korea during the last two decades and adopts some future prospects. The crop diseases included, red pepper, Phytophthora blight, ginseng root rots cucumber wilt, sesame damping-off, strawberry wilt and tobacco bacterial wilt and mosaic. Biological control of plant diseases requires a multi-disciplinary approach involving input from plant pathologists, ecologists, mycologists and molecular biologists. The author proposed to organize a group“Committee for Biological Control”including researchers, industries, growers and administrators.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.194-203
• /
• 2009

$HpaG_{Xooc}$, from rice pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola, is a member of the harpin group of proteins, eliciting hypersensitive cell death in non-host plants, inducing disease and insect resistance in plants, and enhancing plant growth. To express and secret the $HpaG_{Xooc}$ protein in Bacillus subtilis, we constructed a recombinant expression vector pM43HF with stronger promoter P43 and signal peptide element nprB. The SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis demonstrated the expression of the protein $HpaG_{Xooc}$ in B. subtilis. The ELISA analysis determined the optimum condition for $HpaG_{Xooc}$ expression in B. subtilis WBHF. The biological function analysis indicated that the protein $HpaG_{Xooc}$ from B. subtilis WBHF elicits hypersensitive response(HR) and enhances the growth of tobacco. The results of RT-PCR analysis revealed that $HpaG_{Xooc}$ induces expression of the pathogenesis-related genes PR-1a and PR-1b in plant defense response.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.101.1-101
• /
• 2003

Lipopolysaccharide, siderophore, and cyclic dipeptide have been shown to be necessary for ISR induction by pseudomnads. However, there is no report on cloning of genes or generating specific mutants involving in ISR activity. A biological control bacteium P. chlororaphis O6 induces resistance to Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovara SCCI in tobacco and induces drought resistance in Arabidopsis. To isolate genes involved in ISR activity and induction of drough resistance of O6, we constructed Tn5 mutants and were used to screen for ISR activity and drought resistance activity using microtiter assay with tobacco and Arabidopsis. Thirty-three ISR-deficient mutants were selected, and the nine ISR-deficient mutants were also lost activity of drought resistance. The flanking sequence analysis of the ISR and drought resistance-deficient mutants showed that a gacS gene encoding a two-component sensor kinase, and a mce gene encoding a protein involved in mycobacterial cell entry were mutated. The flanking sequence of each Tn5 mutant altered ISR activity is currently under investigation. These results indicate that gacS and mce are important genes in induction of ISR activity and drought resistance of P. chlororaphis O6. Our works will open opportunities for identification of bacterial genes or traits that are involved in ISR activity and induced drought resistance of P. chlororaphis O6.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.79.2-80
• /
• 2003

To better understand plant defense responses against pathogen attack, we identified the transcription factor-encoding genes in the hot pepper Capsicum annuum that show altered expression patterns during the hypersensitive response raised by challenge with bacterial pathogens. One of these genes, Ca1244, was characterized further. This gene encodes a plant-specific Type IIIA - zinc finger protein that contains two Cys$_2$His$_2$zinc fingers. Ca1244 expression is rapidly and specifically induced when pepper plants are challenged with bacterial pathogens to which they are resistant. In contrast, challenge with a pathogen to which the plants are susceptible only generates weak Ca1244 expression. Ca1244 expression is also strongly induced in pepper leaves by the exogenous application of ethephon, an ethylene releasing compound. Whereas, salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate had moderate effects. Pepper protoplasts expressing a Ca1244-smGFP fusion protein showed Ca1244 localizes in the nucleus. Transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing Ca1244 driven by the CaMV 355 promoter show increased resistance to challenge with a tobacco-specific bacterial pathogen. These plants also showed constitutive upregulation of the expression of multiple defense-related genes. These observations provide the first evidence that an Type IIIA - zinc finger protein, Ca1244, plays a crucial role in the activation of the pathogen defense response in plants.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.77.2-78
• /
• 2003

An EREBP/AP2-type transcription factor (CaPFl) was isolated by DDRT-PCR following inoculation of soybean pustule pathogen Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines Bra which induces HR on pepper leaves. Genomic Southern blot analysis revealed that the CaPFl gene is present as a single copy within the hot pepper genome. The deduced amino acid sequence of CaPFl has two potential nuclear localization signals, a possible acidic activation domain, and an EREBP/AP2 motif that could bind to a conserved cis- element present in promoter region of many stress-induced genes. The mRNA level of CaPFl was induced by both biotic and abiotic stresses. We observed higher-level transcripts in resistance-induced pepper tissues than diseased tissues. Expression of CaPFl is also induced upon various abiotic stresses including ethephon, MeJA, cold stress, drought stress and salt stress treatments. To study the role of CPFI in plant, transgenic Arabidopsis and tobacco plants which express higher level of pepper CaPFl were generated. Global gene expression analysis of transgenic Arabidopsis by cDNA microarray indicated that expression of CaPFl in transgenic plants affect the expression of quite a few GCC box and DRE/CRT box-containing genes. Furthermore, the transgenic Arabidopsis and tobacco plant, expressing CaPFl showed tolerance against freezing temperature and enhanced resistance to Pseudomonas syrnigae pv. tabaci. Taken together, these results indicated that CaPFl is a novel EREBP/AP2 transcription factor in hot pepper plant and it may has a significant role(s) in regulation of biotic and abiotic stresses in plant.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.130-135
• /
• 2013

We investigated the lung function change and quality of life in smokers after taking herbal medicine. The patients were divided into two groups(smoking and non-smoking). We measured lung function change by VRI and quality of life by BDI and Fatigue Scale Score before and after herbal medicine intake. And we examined changes of nicotine dependence, total smoking amount, tobacco flavor in smoking group. The VRI energy bar could not represent the change of the lung function in smoking group and non-smoking group. And there was no change of lung function by VRI in two group patients before and after herb medication. But after taking herb medicine, the patients who have abnormal sound in VRI were improved. The herbal medicine does not affect to the amount of smoking, tobacco flavor, nicotine dependence in Smoking patients. Smoking group were higher than non-smokers in BDI score and Fatigue Scale score. Smoking group were more improved than the non-smokers in BDI and Fatigue Scale Score after taking herbal medicine.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.85-92
• /
• 2002

A new isolate of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), identified as Li-CMV was isolated from a diseased Korean native lily (Lithium tsingtauense Gilg). Biological and serological properties of Li-CMV were characterized, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, restriction enzyme profiling of RT-PCR products, and nucleotide sequence analysis of RNA3 of the virus were performed in this study. Remarkable differences in symptoms between Li-CMV and ordinary CMV strains were found in tobacco plants and Datura stramonium. Li-CMV-infected tobacco plants (cv. Xanthi-nc and cv. Samsun) induced chlorotic ringspots on uninoculated upper leaves, and the symptom expression was delayed or faint whereas, ordinary CMV strains induced green mosaic symptoms on the plant. Systemic infections were observed on Nicotiana benthamiana with severe mosaic symptom. Restriction mapping analysis of RT-PCR products using MspI showed that Li-CMV belonged to CMV subgroup I. A full-length CDNA copy of RNA3 for the virus was amplified by RT-PCR, cloned, and its complete nucleotide sequence was determined. The RNA3 of Li-CMV was 2, 232 nucleotides long, and consisted of two open reading frames of 843 and 657 bases encoding 3a protein (movement protein) and coat protein, respectively. Results of this study indicate that Li-CMV is a novel strain and belongs to subgroup I of CMV in the genus Cucumovirus.