• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.397-404
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• 2011

In this paper, a research for the dynamic wheel loads of a 3D vehicle model, which relates to a tire-enveloping model, is carried out. A single truck with four axles is modeled as a 10-D.O.F. vehicle by modeling both contact length of tires and pitching of tandem spring axles. The dynamic equations of the vehicle are obtained using the Lagrange's equation, the solution of the equations is calculated by Newmark-${\beta}$ method. The validity of the developed 3D vehicle model is demonstrated by comparing results obtained from the proposed method with those from experimental data. The maximum impact factors of tire force are evaluated according to the various step bumps on which a 24-ton dump truck is running.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.180-185
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• 2011

The TPMS(Tire Pressure Monitoring System) is an electronic system designed to display the air pressure inside the pneumatic tires and report real-time tire-pressure information to the driver of the vehicle, either via a gange, a pictogram display, or a simple low-pressure warning light. Although the data measured by TPMS sensor is transmitted to internal signal processer in a vehicle through wireless communication, the receiver may suffers from various interferences such as amateur radio station, RFID(Radio-Frequency IDentification) for controlling container, RKE(Remote Keyless Entry) signal, and so on. In this paper, we consider beamforming technology to suppress various high-power interference signals for the TPMS wireless communications. Also, we propose the proper data structure and antenna arrangement for the beamformer inside the vehicle. The performance for the interference suppression is illustrated by computer simulation example.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.499-505
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• 2012

TPMS(Tire Pressure Monitoring System) using the wireless communication technique is defined as the safety aid system to efficiently realize and manage the condition of tires in the vehicle. The wireless communication system of TPMS should suffers from various noise and interferences such as signals of each tire sensor or outside electrical equipments. In order to retain the data reliability of TPMS, we propose an assessment method of the data reliability based on signal-to-interference and noise ratio (SINR) of the received signal. The proposed technique can be widely applied to wireless duplex communication systems based on various sensors. We verify critical SINR values to satisfy data reliabilities of 95%, 97%, and 99% through computer simulation.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.201-208
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• 2001

To investigate the physio-chemical components and properties of aerosol particles in urban area sampling of aerosol particles was carried out in the campus of Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan, during snowfall. Aerosol particles were collected on millipore filter papers using a low volume air sampler. Their shapes, sizes and chemical components were analyzed by a SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope) and an EDX(Energy Dispersive X-ray). As a results, ice crystals of dendrite and column types were predominantly shown at mature and developing stage of snowfall intensity. The denerite and sector plate types of ice crystals were mainly originated from the sea but column types were come from soil. Scavenging effect by snowfall was greatly also shown at dendrite type ice crystals that embryo was fully developd. Al, Si elements were shown at high frequencies as compared with others. Na, Cl components were especially shown at high frequencies under the sea-breeze wind during snowfall. Anthropogenic aerosol particles had shown with irregular shapes and sizes, relatively. Mainly 3-7$\mu$m aerosol particles were abundant and coarse particles also could be seen during snowfall. Ca, Zn, Fe components mainly caused by spike tires from vehicles in winter season were dominant before snowfall, however the element S mainly caused by human activity was rich after snowfall. The pH values of snow in Sapporo city were higher than those at coastal area. The concentration of chemical components in aerosol particles was also affected by surface winds. Aerosol particles in urban area, Sapporo were mainly affected by human activities like vehicles and combustion with wind system. And their types were related with snowfall intensity.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1437-1444
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• 2010

This research was to find out the effectiveness of the horticultural therapy program based on the therapeutic factors and the most meaningful experiences of the clients. For this purpose "Green harmony" program focused on harmony through horticulture was implemented. It is based on the preposition that holistic health is promoted with harmonious relationships with oneself, other people, community and nature. The program has three-fold structure: In innermost it deals with the task of the late adolescent, i.e., self identity, secondly the experience of communication and solidarity in the group, and finally extension of interest to the community. For the therapeutic intervention, questions using the metaphor of the activity were given to the clients for the establishment of self-identity, while group activity and the donation of the works let the second and third purpose accomplished. Outdoor activity, 'Tire garden project', has provided the clients with chances of the contact with nature, cooperation with other group members, and a contest to provoke enthusiasm. Also recycling and greening of the community were possible by utilizing old tires for the containers and by donating the final works to the community. For the evaluation of the result, the effect of the program on the stress of the college students was tested, and the most meaningful experiences during the participation to the program were asked to identify the therapeutic factors acknowledged by clients. "Green harmony" program has brought positive effects on the stress of the clients in spite of relatively short period of five weeks. The clients has acknowledged plant/nature contact and interactions between group members for the most meaningful experiences. This research suggests "Green harmony" horticultural therapy program based on the therapeutic factors is highly applicable for the general populations.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.219-238
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• 2014

This study attempted to investigate present condition and product planning of global eco-fashion brands that harmonize fashion and sustainability. As research subjects, this study selected 97 oversea fashion brands mentioned in books related to eco-fashion, Black(2011), Brown(2010), Fuad-luke(2009). As for research methods, materials and ethical practices of these selected 97 brands through literature data and their internet site homepages. This study analyzed oversea eco-brands collected 26 British brands, 22 American brands, 36 European brands such as Germany, France, Italy, Sweden, Spain, Finland and so on, except Britain and 13 other regions including Japan, India, Canada, Mexico, and New zealand. In conclusion, the product planning characteristics of these oversea eco-fashion brands can be summarized as follows; community and fair trade, ecological and slow design, recycle, reuse, redesign, and new eco-models. Firstly, brands of 'community and fair trade' manufactured products through fair trade and local community's artisan by ethical practices with organic fabrics. Secondly, brands of 'ecological and slow design' pursued timeless design and multi-functional design as luxury eco-fashion styles. They used organic textiles, hemp, bamboo, soya, tencell, sea cell, and self-sustaining plants. Thirdly, brands of 'recycle, reuse, redesign' aimed for upcycling high-end fashion and used vintage clothes, textile scraps, PET, parachutes, tires, safety belts, advertising banner and so on. In addition, brands of 'new models as eco-fashion' suggested zero-waste cutting, recycling over-printing technology, new sustainable business model, and ethical practices in the supply chain of the fashion industry.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.1429-1436
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• 2011

In this paper, a new tube-radius-measuring algorithm has been proposed for effectively measuring the radii of small tubes under severe noise conditions that can also perform well when metal scraps that make it difficult to measure the radius correctly are inside the tube hole. In the algorithm, we adopt a fuzzy searching method that searches for the center of the inner circle by using fuzzy parameters for distance and orientation from the initial search point. The proposed algorithm has been implemented and tested on both synthetic and real-world tube images, and the performance is compared to existing circle-detection algorithms, such as the Hough transform and RANSAC methods, to prove the accuracy and effectiveness of the algorithm. From this comparison, it is concluded that the proposed algorithm has excellent performance in terms of measurement accuracy and computation time.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.22 no.8 s.173
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• pp.128-135
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• 2005

This paper presents a scheme for experimentally analyzing bounce, roll and pitch frequencies of major systems of a large truck using a multi-axial road simulator. The excitation input (amplitude and frequency range) fur a frequency response test with the multi-axial road simulator is selected in order that bounce, roll and pitch modes are not coupled each other, the excitation amplitude can be reproduced in a specified excitation frequency range, and tires do not lose contact with posters. Three accelerometers, one gyroscope and four displacement meters are used in the frequency response test using the multi-axial road simulator. The reliability of the presented bounce mode frequency response test scheme is validated by comparing the result from a test using the multi-axial road simulator with the result from a road driving test. The road driving test is performed with velocities of 20km/h and 30km/h, and in an unladen state. The vertical accelerations at the cab and the front axle are measured in the road driving test. The roll and pitch mode frequency response tests are also performed with the presented frequency response test scheme. Roll and pitch frequencies of major systems of a large truck that are hard to acquire from a road driving test are analyzed as well as bounce frequency.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.248-255
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• 2018

It is known that the road noise on the rear seat of a hatchback type car is worse than that of a sedan type car because of the weakness on sealing structure. Therefore, a sound sealing system and sufficient absorption/insulation performance are required. In the case of a compact segment car, however, the application of the sufficient absorption and insulation materials is limited, because of the restriction on the production cost and weight of the car. In this study, we estimate the noise transmission path on the vehicle's body structure from tires and ground using the PBNR (Power Based Noise Reduction) method which is useful in quantitative measurement. Based on these results, we suggest an alternative absorption/insulation method for the better performance of rear seat road noise reduction in a compact hatchback car.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.19-23
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• 2001

In addition to landfilling and incineration, waste minimization and recycling have become priorities in Taiwan's municipal waste management strategies over the past 10 years. Major recycling initiatives being implemented in Taiwan include producer responsibility, "pay-as-you-throw, " and mandatory sorting provisions. Currently, the producer responsibility regime established under the Waste Disposal Act and administered by the Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) requires that manufacturers or importers of listed items, including containers, batteries. cars, motorcycles ("scooters"), tires, oil, televisions, refrigerators, air conditioners, washing machines, computers, and printers, pay recycling fees to government recycling funds. EPA then uses the recycling funds to subsidize collection and recycling. The 2001 recycling fund budget totals NT$57 billion (NT$35 = US$l). Under the producer responsibility regime, EPA-designated retailers ("sellers") must accept end-of-life items returned to them by the consumers. At the local level, Taipei City implements a pay-as-you-throw program, whereby citizens pay waste collection and treatment fees through the purchase of special trash bags approved by the Taipei City Government. However. recyclables that are separated by citizens are collected free-of-charge by the City. Taichung City and Kaohsiung City, on the other hand, enforce mandatory sorting schemes, whereby citizens face penalties if they don't separate recyclables from the trash before pick-up. These programs have resulted in a significant reduction in municipal waste. Per capita waste collected per day has dropped from 1.143 kg in 1997 to 0.978 kg in 2000. Targeting a 10% recycling rate for municipal waste in 2001. EPA plans to research and develop new recycling techniques, expand the scope of producer responsibilities, and strengthen existing municipal recyclable collection programs. To this end, among other initiatives, EPA has prepared a draft "Resource Recycling and Reuse Act" that would complement the existing producer responsibility programs by incorporating into the current recycling framework the concept of product life-cycle management.