• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2016

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to exam effects of aroma therapy on the woman with headache in range of motion, results based on Pain and the tiredness index. we applied this study in female patients with headache. tiredness, stress, pain to examine effects of easing off headache, Tiredness. Methods : The study has been conducted with three different groups of "H" University in Gwangyang, the forty-five 20's female university student with headache were randomly assigned to groups each groups did a survey to evaluate their tiredness, VAS, VRS before this study and after there are three groups: 15 people gets a swedish massage by using almond oil(I Group, n= 15), 15 people got a swedish massage by using lavender oil(II Group, n=15) and 15 people got a swedish massage by using lavender oil, smalled at the scent of lavender candle(III Group, n=15). I, II, III Group common characteristics(gender, age, height, weight) were measured by using goniometer to measured flexion extension, left right flexion, left right rotation of cervical range of motion. the measured data were analyzed by using repeated ANOVA. Especially in order to investigate the effect of Aroma therapy by using lavender candle this study is progressed 20 minutes, 3 times per week for a term of 3weeks(total 9). Results : The results of this study were as follows : 1) the VAS and VRS showed significant different result. 2) in the range of motion, cervical extension between Group I and II and left right flexion between Group I and III showed quite motional difference. 3) in the tiredness, there were no significant factors after examination. Conclusion : Therefore, the results of this study demonstration that the effect of Aroma therapy by using lavender candle didn't show prominent effects.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.335-341
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to measure the labor intensity of menus according to various cooking types. Through a literature review and in-depth interview, the attributes that affected the labor intensity were identified as the level of skill, amount of effort, degree of tiredness, time consumed, and machine usage. A survey was conducted in April, 2001 among cooks who Dew the entire process of cooking. There was a strong positive correlation between labor intensity and labor intensity attributes. Through regression analysis, a regression equation was obtained between labor intensity and labor intensity attributes. The labor intensity index calculated from this study showed the extent of labor intensity of menus. The result of this study could be used as basic data for foodservice manager to establish a menu planning and work schedule based on a scientific method.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.52-63
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• 2003

This paper investigated Taxi drivers physical subjective symptoms and what factors were interviewed caused the symptoms. The 600 owning taxi-drivers in Seoul during four months from August 1st, 2003 to November 30th, 2003. 1. The average age of the owning taxi-drivers was generally quite high 54 years old. It was very high index compared with the Todai Health Index(THI) and Cornell Medical Index(CMI) of health check tables. 2. According to the age in THI health check table, the complains of mental subjective symptom by reason of age was high among 31 to 40 years old. People who belonged that age group showed high fabrication(L), digestion(C) and aggressiveness(F). The results showed the complains of mental subjective symptom. All items except tiredness(I), melancholia(N), and hypersensitivity(P) were commonly reported by people in their sixties. On the other hand, melancholia(N) and hypersensitivity(P), people in their forties were investigated highly. Statistically, the items of heartㆍblood stream(C) and digestion(D) systems were similar between the two ages, but anger(Q) was different. (p<0.05) 3. From the complains of mental and physical subjective symptoms about work satisfaction on the THI health check table, all items except eyeㆍskin trouble(B) showed strong dissatisfaction. From the complains of mental and physical subjective symptoms about work satisfaction on the CMI health check table, the items of respiratory system(B), digestion(D), nervous system(G), miscellaneous(K), inadequancy(M), and anger(Q) showed similar results. Otherwise, heartㆍblood stream(C) showed statistically different. 4. From the complains of mental and physical subjective symptoms on salary satisfaction in the THI health check table, in the case of people receiving around 1 million won, the complains of physical symptoms showed high among all items except for the respiratory(A) and digestion(C) systems. The eyeㆍskin trouble(B) item showed statistical similarity. The complains of mental and physical subjective symptoms according to a salary degree on the CMI health check table was completely different from the above results. In people received around 1~1.5million won, all items except anxiety(O) showed high. The hypersensitivity(P) item showed statistically different.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제57권11호
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• pp.484-488
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• 2014

Purpose: Chronic upper airway obstruction causes hypoxemic pulmonary vasoconstriction, which may lead to right ventricle (RV) dysfunction. Adenotonsillar hypertrophy (ATH) is the most common cause of upper airway obstruction in children. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate RV function in children with ATH. Methods: Twenty-one children (male/female, 15/6; mean age, $92.3{\pm}39.0$ months; age range, 4-15 years) with ATH and 21 healthy age- and gender-matched controls were included in this study. Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and RV myocardial performance index were measured by transthoracic echocardiography. Further, the plasma level of N-terminal of probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), an indicator of RV function, was determined. Results: The snoring-tiredness during daytime-observed apnea-high blood pressure (STOP) questionnaire was completed by the patients' parents, and loud snoring was noted in the ATH group. The plasma NT-proBNP level was significantly higher in the ATH group than that in the controls ($66.44{\pm}37.63pg/mL$ vs. $27.85{\pm}8.89pg/mL$, P=0.001). The echocardiographic parameters were not significantly different between the groups. Conclusion: We were unable to confirm the significance of echocardiographic evidence of RV dysfunction in the management of children with ATH. However, the plasma NT-proBNP level was significantly higher in the ATH group than that in the control, suggesting that chronic airway obstruction in children may carry a risk for cardiac dysfunction. Therefore, more patients should be examined using transthoracic echocardiography. In addition, pediatricians and otolaryngologists should consider cardiologic aspects during the management of children with severe ATH.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.203-209
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• 2014

Background: Coal mining is of significant economic importance to the Australian economy. Despite this fact, the related workforce is subjected to a number of psychosocial risks and musculoskeletal injury, and various psychological disorders are common among this population group. Because only limited research has been conducted in this population group, we sought to examine the relationship between physical (pain) and psychological (distress) factors, as well as the effects of various demographic, lifestyle, and fatigue indicators on this relationship. Methods: Coal miners (N = 231) participated in a survey of musculoskeletal pain and distress on-site during their work shifts. Participants also provided demographic information (job type, age, experience in the industry, and body mass index) and responded to questions about exercise and sleep quality (on-and off-shift) as well as physical and mental tiredness after work. Results: A total of 177 workers (80.5%) reported experiencing pain in at least one region of their body. The majority of the sample population (61.9%) was classified as having low-level distress, 28.4% had scores indicating mild to moderate distress, and 9.6% had scores indicating high levels of distress. Both number of pain regions and job type (being an operator) significantly predicted distress. Higher distress score was also associated with greater absenteeism in workers who reported lower back pain. In addition, perceived sleep quality during work periods partially mediated the relationship between pain and distress. Conclusion: The study findings support the existence of widespread musculoskeletal pain among the coal-mining workforce, and this pain is associated with increased psychological distress. Operators (truck drivers) and workers reporting poor sleep quality during work periods are most likely to report increased distress, which highlights the importance of supporting the mining workforce for sustained productivity.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제82권4호
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• pp.335-340
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• 2019

Background: Snoring is the cardinal symptom of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Snoring and upper airway obstruction associated with major oxygen desaturation may occur in populations undergoing flexible bronchoscopy. Methods: To evaluate the prevalence of patients at a high risk of having OSA among patients undergoing bronchoscopy with sedation and to investigate whether snoring during the procedure predicts patients who are at risk of OSA, we prospectively enrolled 517 consecutive patients who underwent the procedure with moderate sedation. Patients exhibiting audible snoring for any duration during the procedure were considered snorers. The STOP-Bang (Snoring, Tiredness, Observed apnea, high blood Pressure-Body mass index, Age, Neck circumference and Gender) questionnaire was used to identify patients at high (score ${\geq}3$ out of 8) or low risk (score <3) of OSA. Results: Of the 517 patients, 165 (31.9%) snored during bronchoscopy under sedation. The prevalence of a STOP-Bang score ${\geq}3$ was 61.9% (320/517), whereas 200 of the 352 nonsnorers (56.8%) and 120 of the 165 snorers (72.7%) had a STOP-Bang score ${\geq}3$ (p=0.001). In multivariable analysis, snoring during bronchoscopy was significantly associated with a STOP-Bang score ${\geq}3$ after adjustment for the presence of diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, and stroke (adjusted odds ratio, 1.91; 95% confidence interval, 1.26-2.89; p=0.002). Conclusion: Two-thirds of patients undergoing bronchoscopy with moderate sedation were at risk of OSA based on the screening questionnaire. Snoring during bronchoscopy was highly predictive of patients at high risk of OSA.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.510-516
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• 1995

체지방이 30% 이상으로 비만이라 판정되는 20~62세의 지원자들에게 저열량 균형식, 무리하지 않은 유산소 운동 및 개인별 비만의 원인을 교정하고 평생체중을 조절하기 위한 영양상담과 교육을 포함한 행동수정을 통해 5주 동안 비만을 치료하고 성인병과 관련된 위험 요인들의 변화를 살펴보았다. 활동량, 식습관, 식이섭취조사를 실시하여 개인별 비만의 원인을 진단한 후 잘못된 식생활을 교정할 수 있도록 주 3회의 영양상담과 매주 1회의 영양교육을 실시하였다. 식이요법은 1일 1끼의식사와 3회의 조제식이를 통해 열량이 1200kcal 정도가 되고, 양질의 단백질, 비타민, 무기질은 성인 권장량의 100~150% 이상이 되도록 하였다. 식전에 식이섬유와 물을 복용하고 식사 기간은 20분 이상으로 천천히 섭취하도록 하였으며, 투긴음식, 가공식품, 패스트 푸두, 술, 청량음료, 달고 기름진 음식, 짜고 자극적인 음식 등은 제한하였다. 주당 3~5일간 1시간 정도의 가벼운 유산소 체조를 실험대상자 저원이 모여서 실시하였다. 먹은 식품, 활동, 운동, 감정상태, 피로여부 등을 일지로서 기록하게 하여 삼담을 통해 교정하고 관찰하여 긍정적인 내적동기를 갖도록 교육하였다. 비만치료 기간 중 탈락한 수는 총 16명 중 5명 (31.3%)이었으며, 비만도는 대상자의 대부분이 경증이고, 불규칙적인 식사, 빨리 먹는 습관, 과식, 짜게 먹는 습관, 야식, 음주 등의 비만의 원인이 되는 습관들을 가지고 있어 식습관 점수는 개선이 요구된다고 진단되었다. 5주동안의 비만치료로 체중은 평균 4.8kg(주당 0.96kg)이 감량 되었으며, 체지방, body mass index, 허리, 팔, 둔부의 둘레가 유의적으로 감소되었다. 혈압, 공복시의 혈당, 혈액증의 중성지방, 총콜레스테롤, HDL-콜레스테롤은 변화가 없었으나, LDL-콜레스테롤은 유의적으로 감소하였다.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.27-50
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• 2001

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease. Although the joints are the major loci of the disease activity, fatigue is a common extraarticular symptom that exists in all gradations of rheumatoid arthritis. Fatigue is defined as a subjective sense of generalized tiredness or exhaustion and has multiple dimensions. Therefore fatigue is a common and frequent problem for those with rheumatoid arthritis. In fact, 88-100% of individuals with rheumatoid arthritis experience fatigue. Especially the degree of fatigue is higher in women than men with rheumatoid arthritis. Despite the importance of fatigue among the patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the mechanism that leads to fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis is not completely understood. This study was intended to test and validate a model to predict fatigue in women with rheumatoid arthritis. Especially it was intended to identify the direct and indirect effects of the variables of pain, disability, depression, sleep disturbance, morning stiffness, and symptom duration to fatigue. Data were collected by questionnaires including Multidimensional Assesment of Fatigue(Tack, 1991), numeric scale of pain, graphic scale of joints, Ritchie Articular Index, Korean Health Assessment Questionnaire(Bae, et al., 1998), Inventory of Function Status(Tulman, et al., 1991), Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression, and Korean Sleep Scale(Oh, et al 1998). The sample consisted of 345 women with a mean duration of rheumatoid arthritis for 10.06 years and a mean age of 49.64 years. SPSS win and Win LISREL were used for the data analysis. Structural equation modeling revealed the overall fit of the model. Pain predicted fatigue directly and indirectly through disability, depression, and sleep disturbance. Disability, sleep disturbance predicted fatigue only directly, while depression only indirectly through disability and sleep disturbance. Also morning stiffness and symptom duration predicted fatigue through disability and depression. All predictors accounted for 65% of the variance of fatigue. Depression, pain, and disability predicted sleep disturbance. Depression had reciprocal relationship with disability and they both were predicted by pain directly and indirectly. In summary, pain, depression, disability, sleep disturbance, morning stiffness, and symptom duration contributed to the fatigue of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The best predictor of fatigue was pain. This finding indicates that the modification of pain, depression, disability, sleep disturbance, morning stiffness could be nursing intervention for relief or prevention of fatigue.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2018

농작업 시 고온에 대한 노출 실태를 파악하고, 고온 노출에 대한 인지도를 조사하여 농업인의 고온성질환 예방 방안을 모색하고자 이 연구를 시행하였다. 경주시 일부 농촌 마을을 농작업 중 고온노출 장소로 선정하였다. 여름 동안 총 9회의 환경 측정을 실시하였다. 측정을 통해 열지수와 WBGT를 산출하였고, 이들과 현재 우리나라 기상청에서 폭염 경보 및 주의보의 기준으로 제시하고 있는 일별 최고기온을 비교하였다. 설문조사는 같은 지역 농업인 90명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 설문조사는 일대일 면접조사로 진행되었으며, 설문조사서는 고온 노출 실태, 생활 행태, 병력, 온열질환에 대한 인지도 등에 관한 항목으로 구성하였다. 폭염경보 및 주의보 시 WBGT(Wet Bulb Glove Temperature index)와 열지수의 일치율은 높았으나, 비폭염주의보 시 WBGT가 초과되는 경우가 있었다. 조사대상자는 총 90명이었고, 연령별은 60대 이상이 78명(86.7%)이었다. 작업은 주로 새벽-오전(71.1%)에 하였으며, 하루 야외 작업시간은 4시간 미만(54.4%)이 가장 많았으나, 주기적 휴식을 하는 경우는 23.3%이었다. 온열질환 경험률은 14.4%이었고, 증상으로는 피곤, 무기력, 현기증, 두통, 땀 등의 순이었다. 전반적으로 온열질환 및 폭염주의보에 대한 인지도는 각각 70.0%, 74.4%로 높았다. 정책적으로 폭염주의보 발령 시에는 단순한 기온만 고려할 것이 아니라 WBGT기준과 열지수를 동시에 고려하여야 할 것이다. 농업인에게는 농작업 시 휴식 시간을 주기적, 양적으로 늘려 온열질환을 예방하도록 홍보 및 교육을 하여야 할 것이다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.245-263
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• 2000

본 연구는 자기기입식 설문조사를 통해 농약살포를 대부분 담당하는 남성 농민들에 대하여, 농부증을 포함한 만성증상과 농약살포시의 이상증상경험, 이상증상 경험시 살포한 농약, 농약살포시의 안전수칙 준수, 보호구의 착용실태, 가족 중 농약으로 인한 사고경험을 조사하고, 농약노출과 연관된 변수들간의 연관성, 급성중독경험 및 만성증상과 관련된 요인을 고찰하였다. 만성증상으로는 '몸이 나른하고 힘이 없다', '허리가 아프다'. '밤중에 소변을 보기 위해 깬다' 등의 증상이 많았으며, 농약살포 시의 임상증상 경험율은 '피부발진/가려움증', '어지러움/두통'의 경우가 가장 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 또한, 조사 대상자의 7.1%가 가족중 농약으로 인한 사고경험이 있는 것으로 조사되었으며, 이중 농약살포시 중독, 안전사고 및 자살사례를 확인할 수 있었다. 농약살포 시의 준수사항 중, '뿌린 후 목욕을 한다'와 '뿌린 후 바로 옷을 갈아입는다' 등의 경우가 준수율이 높았으나, '보호구를 잘 세탁해서 보관한다', '뿌린 후 용변을 볼 경우 손을 씻는다', '한낮에는 뿌리지 않는다' 등의 경우는 낮은 준수율을 보였다. 농약살포시 보호구는 '물에 타서 살포할 경우', '입제를 살포할 경우'에 비해 보호구를 더 잘 착용하였으며, 착용율은 모자, 장화, 마스크, 장갑, 방제복 하의의 순이었다. 농약살포시 이상증상경험과 관련된 요인은 농약살포시 준수사항 준수, 살포시간, 과수재배, 경작면적, 연간 농약살포일 등이었으며, 농민의 만성증상과 관련된 관련된 요인은 농약살포시 이상증상 경험, 경작면적, 농사경력, 농약살포시 준수사항 준수, 전업여부, 농약에 대한 노출 등이었다. 본 연구결과를 통해 농약살포시 준수사항의 준수율과 보호구 착용율을 높이며 농약으로 인한 안전사고를 방지하기 위한 체제적인 교육 및 홍보가 필요함을 알 수 있다. 또한, 농약에 대한 노출이 농민의 만성증상의 한 원인이라는 결론을 내리기는 어려우나, 원인적 연관성일 가능성을 배재할 수는 없을 것으로 생각되며, 따라서, 농약노출을 정확히 산출하고, 좀더 명확한 건강영향의 생물학적 지표(biological marker)를 측정하여 이들의 연관성을 고찰하는 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각된다.