• Title/Summary/Keyword: tire contact area

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Pavement Response in Flexible Pavements using Nonlinear Tire Contact Pressure and Measured Tire Contact Area (타이어의 접지 면적과 비선형 접지압력을 고려한 연성포장내의 거동 분석)

  • Jo, Myoung Hwan;Kim, Nakseok;Jeong, Jin-Hoon;Seo, Youngguk
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.26 no.4D
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    • pp.601-608
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    • 2006
  • The important elements in pavement design criteria are the stress and strain distributions. To obtain reasonable stress and strain distribution, tire contact area and tire pressures are very important. In this study, finite element analysis was used to identify the three-dimension states using nonlinear tire contact pressure and measured tire contact area. Measured tire contact area was quite different from the assumed tire contact area, and it resulted in different strain states under the tire. At the surface course, considering tire rib and nonlinear tire pressure, the pavement response presented accurate data compared to the predicted one. However, at the binder course, tire effects were generally negligible and it showed that the predicted pavement response was different compared to the measured one.

Measurements of Soil Deformation Using 3-Dimensional Form Determination (3차원 형상계측법을 이용한 토양변형 측정)

  • 전형규
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • v.26 no.5
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    • pp.409-414
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    • 2001
  • This paper reports a technique for measuring a three-dimensional soil deformation and a simplified method to determine the three-dimensional contact area of agricultural tires in a soil bin. A Pirelli 12.4R28 radial-ply tire was used on soft soil. Effects of dynamic load and inflation pressure were determined using the equipment for measuring soil deformation on the soil surface. Soil deformation measurements were made under three conditions of over-load (59kPa-14.2kN), rated-load (108kPa-11.8kN) and under-load (157kPa-9.3kN) in the combinations of the inflation pressures (kPa) and the tire load (kN). The results from three conditions were shown that the contact area of the over-load increased considerably bigger than those of the rated-load and the under-load. Therefore, to regulate soil deformation, the inflation pressure and the tire load should be set according to the soil conditions.

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CONTACT PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION OF RADIAL TIRE IN MOTION WITH CAMBER ANGLE

  • Kim, Seok-Nam;Kondo, Kyohei;Akasaka, Takashi
    • Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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    • 2000.11a
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    • pp.387-394
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    • 2000
  • Theoretical and experimental study is conducted on the contact pressure distribution of a radial tire in motion under various camber angles. Tire construction is modelled by a spring bedded elastic ring, consisted of sidewall springs and a composite belt ring. The contact area is assumed to be a trapezoidal shape varying with camber angles and weighted load. The basic equation in a quasi-static form is derived for the deformation of a running belt with a constant velocity by the aid of Lagrange-Euler transformation. Galerkin's method and stepwise calculation are applied for solving the basic equation and the mechanical boundary condition along both sides of the contact belt part subjected to shearing forces transmitted from the sidewall spring. Experimental results on the contact pressure, measured by pressure sensors embedded in the surface of the drum tester, correspond well with the calculated ones for the test tire under various camber angles, running velocities and weighted loads. These results indicate that a buckling phenomenon of the contact belt in the widthwise direction occurs due to the effect of camber angle.

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Effect of Tire Contact Stresses on Tensile Strains in the Surface of Thin Asphalt Pavement (접지압력이 앎은 아스팔트포장 표층 인장 변형률에 미치는 영향 분석)

  • Park, Dae-Wook;Park, Joon-Kyu
    • International Journal of Highway Engineering
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.47-55
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    • 2008
  • In this paper, comparisons are presented on the predicted tensile strains which can affect the fatigue life of a thin asphalt concrete (AC) pavement near the surface of pavement from three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) using 3D measured tire contact stresses of a radial tire and a bias ply tire and a layered linear elastic program (BISAR). The objective was to analyze the stress distributions for a 11R22.5 radial tire and a $10{\times}20$ bias ply tire, and to compare the predicted tensile strains at the top and bottom of AC surface using different analysis methods. The results show that the stress distributions of two tires are similar but the 11R22.5 radial tire has much higher vertical contact stress than that of the $10{\times}20$ bias ply tire. The predicted tensile strains at the bottom of AC layer under the center of tire showed higher value by BM (BISAR with the measured contact area) method, which the measured tire contact area is used in a layered elastic program, while the tensile strain at the top of AC surface of 3.5cm offset distance from tire edge by 3D FE analysis showed the highest values among three analysis methods.

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On the Dynamic Characteristics of Cell Contact by Analyzing TIRE Images (전반사 형광 이미지 분석을 통한 세포 부착점의 운동 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Yong-Ku;Jin, Song-Wan;Koo, Sang-Mo;Yoo, Jung-Yul
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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    • v.31 no.3 s.258
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    • pp.380-387
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    • 2007
  • We carried out an image analysis of living cells forming their contacts at the bottom of the cell culturing substrate. In order to visualize the contact area selectively, we adopted total-internal-reflection-fluorescence (TIRF) method, which can illuminate the specimen volume within only several hundred nano-meters above the substrate. From the fluorescent intensity of the TRF image, we could calculate the distance of the cell surface from the substrate. As a result, we visualized the origin of cell contacts, their movements, and the change of cell-contact type from the close-contact into focal-contact with information of its vertical displacement representing the temporal evolution process of the three-dimensional cell-surface-profile near the contact area during this metamorphosis.

Optimum Design of Tire Crown Contour Utilizing Neural Network (신경회로망을 활용한 타이어 크라운형상 최적설계)

  • Cho, Jin-Rae;Shin, Sung-Woo;Jeong, Hyun-Sung;Kim, Nam-Jeon;Kim, Kee-Woon
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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    • v.26 no.10
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    • pp.2142-2149
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    • 2002
  • Contacting with ground in the post-card area size only, tire supports entire automobile weight. As well, it characterizes most of automobile running performance. Among the design parameters, the carcass contour becomes a key design factor. This paper deals with the time-effective optimal design of tire crown contour in order to improve the tire wear performance by employing a back-propagation neural network model.

THE MECHATRONIC VEHICLE CORNER OF DARMSTADT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY-INTERACTION AND COOPERATION Of A SENSOR TIRE, NEW LOW-ENERGY DISC BRAKE AND SMART WHEEL SUSPENSION

  • Bert Breuer;Michael Barz;Karlheinz Bill;Steffen Gruber;Martin Semsch;Thomas Strothjohann;Chungyang Xie
    • International Journal of Automotive Technology
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.63-70
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    • 2002
  • Future on-board vehicle control systems can be further improved through new types of mechatronic systems. In particular, these systems' capacities for interaction enhance safety, comfort and economic viability. The Automotive Engineering Department (fzd) of darmstadt University of Technology is engaged in research of the mechatronic vehicle corner, which consists of three subsystems: sensor tire, electrically actuated wheel brake and smart suspension. By intercommunication of these three systems, the brake controller receives direct, fast and permanent information about dynamic events in the tire contact area provided by the tire sensor as valuable control input. This allows to control operation conditions of each wheel brake. The information provided by the tire sensor for example help to distinguish between staightline driving and cornering as well as to determine $\mu$-split conditions. In conjunction with current information of dynamic wheel loads, tire pressures and friction tyre/road, the ideal brake force distribution can be achieved. Alike through integration of adaptive suspension bushings, elastokinematic behaviour and wheel positions can be adapted to manoeuver-oriented requirements.

Strength analysis of the driving shift gears for a 67 kW class agricultural tractor according to tire type

  • Baek, Seung Min;Kim, Wan Soo;Kim, Yeon Soo;Baek, Seung Yun;Lee, Nam Gyu;Moon, Seok Pyo;Jeon, Hyeon Ho;Choi, Young Soo;Kim, Taek Jin;Kim, Yong Joo
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.47 no.4
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    • pp.1147-1158
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    • 2020
  • The purpose of this study was to measure the engine torque and rotational speed of a 67 kW class agricultural tractor according to tire type during plow tillage and to analyze the gear strength of the driving shift for the tractor. A field test was performed under the condition with a single tire (Test A) and dual tires (Test B) to increase the ground width of the rear tires. A load monitoring system was developed, and the engine torque and rotational speed were measured using controller area network (CAN) communication. The engine torque and rotational speed during plow tillage were calculated as the equivalent torque and speed using Palmgren Miner's rule. As a result, the equivalent torque and speed in Test A and Test B were 181.0 Nm and 1,913 rpm and 206.1 Nm and 2,130 rpm, respectively. As the ground width of the rear tire was increased, the bending stress in Test B was about 9.9 to 10.5% higher than that of the Test A, and the contact stress was about 4.6 to 4.9% higher than that of the Test A. Under all conditions, the safety factor for the bending and contact stress was 1 or more. Thus, the driving shift gears for the dual tire type are considered safe.

The Evaluation of Fretting Fatigue Behavior on Rotary Bending Fatigue for Railway Axle Material (회전굽힘 피로 하에서의 철도 차축재료 프레팅 피로거동 평가)

  • Choi, Sung-Jong;Kwon, Jong-Wan
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.74-82
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    • 2010
  • Fretting damage can be observed in automobile and railway vehicle, fossil and nuclear power plant, aircraft etc. In the present study, railway axle material RSA1 used for evaluation of fretting fatigue life. Plain and fretting fatigue tests were carried out using rotary bending fatigue tester with proving ring and bridge type contact pad. Through these test, the following results are obtained: 1) it is found that the fretting fatigue limit of standard specimen decreased about 37% compared to the plain fatigue limit. 2) The early crack of Shinkansen type specimens initiated in contact area and final fractured below samp=214 MPa. 3) The early crack of all TGV type specimens initiated in rounded area and fractured. 4) Tire tracks and rubbed scars were observed in the oblique crack region and fatigue crack growth region of fracture surface. 5) The wear debris is observed on the contact surface, and oblique cracks at an earlier stage are initiated in contact area. These results can be used as useful data in a structural integrity evaluation of railway axle.

A Study for the Prediction of a Tire Cornering Characteristics using a Finite Element Method (유한요소법을 이용한 타이어 코너링특성 예측에 관한 연구)

  • 김항우;조규종
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.151-162
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    • 1998
  • During a straight driving and cornering maneuver by a vehicle various forces and moments are exerted on the tire's footprint. A cornering properties, handling and stability performances of vehicle can be predicted by these forces and moments values. Therefore, on this study, a lateral force and a aligning torque are predicted by these forces and moments values. Therefore, on this study, a lateral force and a aligning torque are predicted using a finite element method. Contact area of the tire between bead and wheel are fixed to simplify of a finite element model. Lateral force is exerted on the rigid surface as a real load with Coulum friction after inflate and load vertically. Then, rotate the tire's axle to simulate a free rolling untill taken the equilibrium of a aligning torque. Also, experimental observations are made to test a reliability of a FE analysis conducted in this study. The finite element analysis said that good agreement was obtained with experimental results of these cornering properties, giving confidence within about one percent. So it os recommended that a finite element analysis can be used as a good tool to predicted the tire cornering properties.

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