• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.89-91
• /
• 2007

Objective : Cranioplasty is necessary to repair the cranial defect, produced either by decompressive craniectomy or removal of the contaminated depressed skull fracture. Complications are relatively common after cranioplasty, being reported up to 23.6%. We examined the incidence and risk factors of infectious complications after cranioplasty during last 6 year period. Methods : From January 2000 to December 2005, 107 cranioplasties were performed in our institution. The infectious complications occurred in 17 cases that required the removal of the bone flap. We examined the age of the patients, causes of the skull defect, timing of the cranioplasty the size of the defect, and kinds of the cranioplasty material. The size of the skull defect was calculated by a formula, $3.14{\times}long\;axis\;{\times}short$ axis. The cranioplasty material was autogenous bone kept in a freezer in 74 patients, and polymethylmetacrylate in 33 patients. Statistical significance was tested using the chi-square test. Results : The infection occurred in 17 patients in 107 cranioplasties (15.9%). It occurred in 2 of 29 cases of less than $75\;cm^2$ defect (6.9%), and 6 in 54 cases of $75{\sim}125\;cm^2$ defect (11.1%). Also, it occurred in 9 of 24 cases of more than $125\;cm^2$ defect (37.5%). This difference was statistically significant (p <0.01). Conclusion : During the cranioplasty, special attention is required when the skull defect is large since the infection tends to occurr more commonly.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
• /
• v.26 no.8
• /
• pp.930-938
• /
• 1999

미래의 통합 이동 통신망은 멀티미디어 데이터 서비스를 하기 위해 작은 셀로 망이 구성될 것이다. 셀이 작은 경우, 이동 호스트의 셀간 이동이 상대적으로 증가해서 잦은 핸드오프 처리로 서비스 중단이 빈번히 발생할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 자원의 낭비도 많아지게 된다. 따라서 이런 문제를 해결하기 위해 이동 호스트의 이동성을 예측해서 멀티캐스트 연결을 구성해서 사전 핸드오프 처리를 하는 SGMH방법을 제안한다. SGMH방법의 성능 평가를 위해 핸드오프 처리과정의 데이터 및 제어 정보의 흐름을 분석하고, 망 종속 인자들을 도입해서 버퍼 오버헤드와 서비스 중단 시간 면에서 기존 핸드오프 방법들과 비교했다. 비교 분석한 결과는 제안한 방법이 기존의 방법보다 기지국에서의 버퍼 오버헤드뿐만 아니라 서비스 중단 시간을 줄일 수 있음을 보였다.Abstract For mobile multimedia data services, future mobile communication networks will consist of small cells. In case of smaller cell size, the number of user movements between cells will increase and more network resources will be consumed for processing frequent handoffs. This processing delay will cause frequent connection service disruptions. To solve these problems, a multicast-based handoff method ,called SGMH(Sub-Group Multicast-based Handoff), is suggested. SGMH method estimates future movements of mobile hosts and setups a dynamic multicast connection tree for procesing handoffs. For performance evaluation, we represent flows of data and control messages as timing diagrams and introduce several network related factors. In terms of buffer overhead and service disruption time we compared the SGMH method to other methods. The results show that SGMH method has better performance in that it can reduce consumption of network resources and minimize service disruption time.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.153-164
• /
• 2013

Business model innovation creates differentiated value to customers by transforming various elements of doing business. Rather than focusing singularly on either the external or internal environment, the business model innovation aims to identify the optimal combination of internal resources, competence, and the external factors, such as customer's needs and new opportunity. However, due to lack of clear definition of business model innovation, and inability to generate company's core business model, business model innovation has been difficult for companies to lead next growth. This paper reviews existing definitions of business model innovation and explore existing types of business model innovation and timing of business model innovation through two case studies. Concept of business model innovation which we identify, is composed of value proposition, value creation through value chains and networks, and profit model innovation. Finally, we demonstrates that already successful businesses can also create new values through business model innovation and adaptive advantage, even in a rapidly changing market environment.

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.37-48
• /
• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to suggest the direction for the development of a clinical practice guideline (CPG) for esophageal cancer (EC). Methods: We collected and analyzed CPGs and related data about esophageal cancer by searching the database of domestic and foreign articles. Results: There were little contents or proposals related to Korean Medicine (KM) or Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), those related to KM or TCM can be found only in "Guidelines of Diagnosis and Therapy in Oncology with Traditional Chinese Medicine (惡性腫瘤中醫診療指南)". They were symptom factors, syndrome differentiation (SD) and 'treatment process of esophageal cancer by combination of western medicine and Korean medicine'. Conclusions: The topics of the development Korean medicine CPG for EC are (1) the method and procedure about combination of western medicine and Korean medicine (2) the process of SD and diagnosis (3) safety and efficacy of the herbal medicine and preparation (4) availability and timing of the tools related to KM or TCM like acupuncture, moxibustion, massage, etc.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.45 no.1
• /
• pp.51-56
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of duration and timing of glucocorticoid treatment on the expansion and differentiation of porcine neonatal pancreas cell clusters (NPCCs) into ${\beta}$-cells. After transplantation of NPCCs, the ductal cyst area and ${\beta}$-cell mass in the grafts both showed positive and negative correlations with duration of dexamethasone (Dx) treatment. Pdx-1 and HNF-3${\beta}$ gene expression was significantly downregulated following Dx treatment, whereas PGC-1${\alpha}$ expression increased. Pancreatic duct cell apoptosis significantly increased following Dx treatment, whereas proliferation did not change. Altogether, transdifferentiation of porcine NPCCs into ${\beta}$-cells was influenced by the duration of Dx treatment, which might have been due to the suppression of key pancreatic transcription factors. PGC-1${\alpha}$ plays an important role in the expansion and transdifferentiation of porcine NPCCs, and the initial 2 weeks following transplantation of porcine NPCCs is a critical period in determining the final ${\beta}$-cell mass in grafts.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.76-91
• /
• 2005

Stroke patients often develop post stroke sequelae when they survive. Post stroke fatigue and emotional disturbances including depression are common along with motor dysfunction. However, medical personnel have paid relatively little attention to emotional changes and the presence of fatigue following strokes. Post-stroke fatigue was common, occurring in 57% of the patients in our series. The post-stroke fatigue appears to be related to the pre-stroke fatigue, physical disability and post stroke depression (PSD) although the relation to the lesion location remains elusive. The prevalence of post-stroke emotional disturbance has been reported to range from 12% to 64%. The wide variation in the frequency of post stroke depression may be related to methodological heterogeneity in items such as the criteria for depression, the timing of assessment, and the study population. Emotional incontinence, which is characterized by inappropriate or excessive laughing or crying is also common. The incidence of and factor related to this post-stroke emotional incontinence (PSEI) also remains unclear. We reported that out-patients with single, unilateral stroke, 18% had PSD and 34% had PSEI. Although both PSD and PSEI were related to motor dysfunction and location (anterior vs. posterior cortex) of the lesion, the latter was a stronger determinant for PSD. PSEI was more closely associated with subcortical strokes than was PSD. Another manifestation of post stroke patients is the occurrence of post stroke anger proneness (PSAP). They may become easily irritated, impulsive, less generous, and prone to be angry or aggressive at others. We also have reported the PSAP which seems to be closely associated with the presence of PSEI. The lesion distribution appears to be also similar. Both PSEI and PSAP respond well to serotonin reuptake inhibitors suggesting that these symptomsmay be possibly related to the alteration of serotonin after brain injury. Likewise, PSAP also produces a great deal of frustration and embarrassment among patients and caregivers. In summary, emotional disturbances such as depression, emotional incontinence, anger-proneness and fatigue are fairly common but under-recognized sequelae of stroke. These emotional disturbances decrease the quality of life of the patients and caregivers, and may adversely affect the overall prognosis. Therefore, these problems must be appropriately recognized and alleviated. Finding strategies to relieve the symptoms is imperative by understanding the causative factors in individual patient.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.69-78
• /
• 2020

This study compares and analyzes user experiences of intelligent personal assistant services based on the evaluation criteria of human-computer interaction to explore positive elements of user experiences and factors that could be improved. The research was conducted on Apple's Siri, Google's Google Associate, and Samsung's Bixby, which is presently the smartest personal assistant service on the market. The research method was to compare and analyze the concepts and characteristics of the current services through a literature review and by interviewing seven UI/UX design experts for the second 2 weeks using contextual inquiry. The interview reorganized Peter Morville's user experience honeycomb, reducing his seven usability principles down to five, asking questions about usability, convenience, visual attractiveness, reliability, and satisfaction. On the basis of the reconfigured usability principle, the assessment was conducted on the basis of the assessment timing and the system usability scale. This study is meaningful in that it analyzed the user experience of artificial intelligence personal assistant services both quantitatively and qualitatively.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.1779-1784
• /
• 2016

Background: Western physicians tend to favour complete disclosure of a cancer diagnosis to the patient, while non-Western physicians tend to limit disclosure and include families in the process; the latter approach is prevalent in clinical oncology practice in India. Few studies, however, have examined patient preferences with respect to disclosure or the role of family members in the process. Materials and Methods: Structured interviews were conducted with patients (N=127) in the medical oncology clinic of a tertiary referral hospital in Bangalore, India. Results: Patients ranged in age from 18-88 (M=52) and were mostly male (59%). Most patients (72%) wanted disclosure of the diagnosis cancer, a preference significantly associated with higher education and English proficiency. A majority wanted their families to be involved in the process. Patients who had wanted and not wanted disclosure differed with respect to their preferences regarding the particulars of disclosure (timing, approach, individuals involved, role of family members). Almost all patients wanted more information concerning their condition, about immediate medical issues such as treatments or side effects, rather than long-term or non-medical issues. Conclusions: While most cancer patients wanted disclosure of their disease, a smaller group wished that their cancer diagnosis had not been disclosed to them. Regardless of this difference in desire for disclosure, both groups sought similar specific information regarding their cancer and largely favoured involvement of close family in decision making. Additional studies evaluating the influence of factors such as disease stage or family relationships could help guide physicians when breaking bad news.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.37
• /
• pp.19.1-19.7
• /
• 2015

Background: The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the usefulness of tracheostomy scoring system in the decision of postoperative airway management in oral cancer patients. Materials and methods: A total of 104 patients were reviewed in this retrospective study, who underwent radical resection with or without neck dissection and free flap reconstruction due to oral cancer. The patients were classified into three groups according to the timing of the extubation; extubated groups (n = 51), overnight intubation group (n = 45), and tracheostomy group (n = 8). Cameron's score was used to evaluate the relation between the state of the patient's airway and the type of the operation. Results: Tracheostomy was performed in eight patients (8/104, 7.7 %). A total of 22 patients (21.2 %) had more than 5 points of which 17 patients (77.3 %) did not have a tracheostomy and any postoperative emergency airway problems. The tracheostomy scores were significantly different among the three groups. Hospital stay showed a significant correlation with the tracheostomy score. Conclusions: The scoring system did not quite agree with the airway management of the authors' clinic; however, it can be one of the clinical factors predicting the degree of the postoperative airway obstruction and surgical aggressiveness for recovery. The further studies are needed for clinically more reliable scoring systems.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.618-626
• /
• 1986

Univentricular heart is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly in which the atrial chambers are connected to only one ventricular chamber and it consists of a diverse group of cardiac malformation characterized by both AV valves or a common AV valve opening into the same ventricle, or the presence of only a solitary AV valve. In spite of recent development in cardiac surgery, corrective operations for univentricular heart still have high mortality and complication rate. Twenty eight patients underwent corrective operation for univentricular heart at Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital from February 1979 to July 1986. Of the 28 patients, 7 patients were operated on by ventricular septation and 21 patients by modified Fontan operation. Of the 28 patients, 19 patients were male and 9 patients female and ages ranged from 5 months to 18 years old with the average age of 7.3 years. There were 2 mortalities in 7 patients operated on by septation with the mortality rate of 28.6% and 5 complications, 3 complete AV block, 1 low cardiac output and 1 arrhythmia. All survived patients are being followed up without specific problem till now. There were 10 mortalities in 21 patients operated on by modified Fontan operation with the mortality rate of 47.6% and 10 complications, 2 low cardiac output, 2 respiratory failure necessitating tracheostomy, 2 persistent cyanosis, 2 arrhythmia, 1 missing of left AV valve in situs inversus patient due to misdiagnosis and one rupture of closed right AV valve. Incremental risk factors for operative mortality are young age less than 5 years old, anomalous pulmonary and systemic venous drainage and atrial septation procedure. In 11 survived patients, 9 patients show good follow-up results but one patient complains of persistent cyanosis and another one patient is suffered from CHF. In our series, results of corrective operation for univentricular heart shows continuing improvement but still high mortality and complication rate. So there must be continuing improvement in surgical result by selection of patient, by adequate decision making for timing and method of operation and by improving operative methods.