• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between conception rate and other parameters (body condition score; BCS, progesterone concentrations and follicle size) before estrus induction with CIDR(intravaginal progesterone-releasing controlled internal drug release). The conception rate in cows with < 2.75, 2.75 to 3.25, and 3.25 <, BCS regardless of AI (artificial insemination) time was 46.6%, 63.3%, and 46.6% at CIDR insertion, respectively. The conception rate regardless of BCS was 54.9% in cows inseminated based on detected estrus, and 48.7% in cows inseminated at 72 to 80 hours (timed artificial insemination, TAI) after removal of CIDR. The conception rate regardless of AI time was 40.0% in cows with low progesterone concentrations (less than 1.0 ng/ml), and 56.6% in cows with high progesterone concentrations (more than 1.0 ng/ml) at CIDR injection. The conception rate regardless of progesterone concentrations was 53.8% in cows inseminated based on detected estrus, and 38.0% in cows of TAI after removal of CIDR. The conception rate regardless of AI time was 43.3% in cows with small follicle (less than 5 mm), 53.3% in cows between 5 mm to 10 mm of follicle, and 63.3% in cows with large folliclc (more than 10 mm) at CIDR injection, respectively. The conception rate regardless of follicle size was 58.4% in cows inseminated based on detected estrus, and 45.9% in cows of TAI after removal of CIDR. These results indicated that if the cows with BCS 2.75 to 3.25, active corpus luteum, and/or large dominant follicle (more than 10 mm) are used for estrus induction, the conception rate will be greater.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.105-109
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• 2011

Ovulation synchronization (ovsynch) has proved to increase the number of insemination in cattle by overcoming the problems of heat detection. The aim of this study was to do ovsynch in water buffaloes where heat detection is a major reproductive problem and to determine the conception rates after timed artificial insemination (TAI). Twenty cyclic buffaloes at ${\geq}$ 60 days postpartum were selected by examining 24 unobserved estrus buffaloes based on milk progesterone assay (progesterone concentration ${\geq}$ 1.0 ng/ml) from the Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. Ovsynch treatment regimen was started irrespective of the stage of estrous cycle. Gonadorelin (500 ${\mu}g$) was injected intramuscularly at Day 0 followed by Alfaprostol (8 mg) at Day 7. A second injection of Gonadorelin was given at Day 9 and TAI was done with frozen semen from Mediterranean buffalo bulls at 16~20 hours of the second Gonadorelin injection. Milk progesterone ELISA at Day 10~12 post AI confirmed ovulation in 16 out of 20 (80%) buffaloes (progesterone concentration ${\geq}$ 1.0 ng/ml). High progesterone concentration (${\geq}$ 1.0 ng/ml) at Day 10~12 and Day 22~24 of AI showed pregnancy in six out of 20 (30%) buffaloes. Pregnancy was further confirmed by ultrasonography at Day 40 in these six buffaloes. In conclusion, ovsynch followed by TAI could be applied in cyclic buffaloes for overcoming the estrus detection problems; however, more studies are needed to increase the conception rate.

• 정보화정책
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.108-120
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• 2018

전 세계 4차 산업혁명의 도래에 맞춰 한국은 적극적으로 국가적 대응계획 I-Korea 4.0을 수립하여 2017년 11월에 발표하였다. 이 계획은 국가성장을 위한 산업혁신과 사회문제 해결을 목표로 하고 있다. 부동산산업도 예외는 아니며 산업혁신을 위해서는 스마트환경에서 주거, 상업, 업무, 복합 등 다양한 가용공간의 효과적 활용이 선행되어야 한다. 이를 위해서는 효율적 의사결정이 필요하고 이는 공간수요자 행태의 실시간 정보와 정확한 예측이 이루어 질 때 가능하다. 이에, 본 연구는 빅데이터 기반 스마트 스페이스 플랫폼을 제안하고 플랫폼의 구조와 서비스를 구체화 시키고자 한다. 스마트 스페이스 플랫폼도 스마트 트래픽, 스마트 시티, 스마트 헬스 등 다양한 스마트환경 적용사례처럼 급속히 발전하고 있는 정보통신기술(ICT)을 이용해 빅데이터의 효율적 저장, 접근, 분석, 활용이 가능하다. 스마트 스페이스 플랫폼의 구조는 6개 레이어 즉, Collection layer, Transfer layer, Storage layer, Service layer, Application layer, Management layer로 구성된다. 이 플랫폼은 의사결정자들이 행위기반(activity-based), 시장기반(market-based), 정책기반(policy-based) 빅데이터를 Searching, Mining, Integrating, Storing, Analyzing, Visualizing 할 수 있는 서비스체계를 가지고 있다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2022

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a group exercise program with competitive games on balance in chronic stroke patients. METHODS: The subjects were chronic stroke patients living at home after their discharge from the hospital. A total of 32 subjects were divided into two groups. The experimental group performed a group exercise program with competitive games, and the control group performed individual exercises. The exercise program duration was one hour, and it comprised 10 minutes of stretching, 40 minutes of the main exercise, and 10 minutes of stretching at the end. The experimental group was divided into two teams of 8 players each and played competitive games (transfer a gym ball to another person, relay 10 m walking and return, transfer an object to the next person using both arms while sitting). The control group performed an arm/trunk exercise for 15 minutes and gait training for 25 minutes. These exercises were conducted twice a week (4 weeks). The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and timed up-and-go (TUG) tests were performed to confirm the change in balance. RESULTS: In the experimental group, BBS showed a significant increase (p < .05) and TUG showed a significant decrease (p < .05). In the control group, there was no statistically significant change in the BBS. However, the TUG showed a significant decrease (p < .05). The BBS and TUG both showed statistically significant differences (p < .05) in the between-group comparison of the change in pre-post intervention values. CONCLUSION: A group exercise program with competitive games to improve the balance ability for fall prevention in chronic stroke patients could be used as a good intervention method.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.193-201
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• 2010

Purpose : This study achieved to search the effect of the circuit exercise and conventional exercise on walking ability(walking speed, endurance, dynamic balance, speed, endurance and pedestrian crossing) in chronic stroke. Methods : Since is diagnosed by stroke, to 30 chronic stroke patients who more than 1 year past the 15 circuit exercise group, the 15 conventional exercise group random the circuit exercise group applied circuit exercise 3th 8 weeks each week after neurological treatment because assigning and the conventional exercise group executed round trip walk exercise in parallel bar 3th 8 weeks each week after neurological treatment. The data of 25 patients who complete experimental course were statistically analysed. Results : The results of this dissertation were as following : 1) There were significantly increased after experimental of 10 meter walk test, 6 minutes walk test and Timed "Up and Go" test in circuit exercise group (p<.001). 2) There were significantly increased after experimental of 2, 4 and 6 lane road crossing mobility in Walking circuit exercise group(p<.01). 3) There were significantly differences after experimental of 10 meter walk test, 6 minutes walk test and Timed "Up and Go" test change quantity between circuit exercise group and conventional exercise group(p<.05). 4) There were correlations were found between the TUG test and 2, 4 and 6 lane road (2 lane road; r=.463, p<.01., 4 lane road; r=515, p<.01., 6lane road; r=.710, p<.01), and there were correlations were found between the 10 meter walk test and 6 minutes walk test(r=.595, p<.01), TUG test(r=.662, p<.01) and 6 lane road(r=.527, p<.01). Conclusion : Even if improvement of walk function through training consists in room, transfer of actuality pedestrian crossing is no change outside the room. Because it is much variable of the weather, seasonal factor, temperature, pedestrian number, state of underneath etc. outside the room. Then, in room after direction promotion of walk function to be promotion of walk function in actuality life and need development of connectable training method consider.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of a handrail (presence and position) on treadmill gait and balance in stroke patients during gait training. Methods: 39 patients with stroke (male 31, female 8) participated in this study. The training groups were classified into a no-handrail group (NHG), front handrail group (FHG), and bilateral handrail group (BHG). Each group comprised 13 subjects. The subjects were trained to walk in a straight path 30 minutes per day for 8 weeks. The Good Balance System was used to measure static balance and dynamic balance. To measure walking ability, timed up and go (TUG) was also assessed. Results: The NHG showed no significant differences in static balance, dynamic balance, and TUG. The FHG was significantly different in their medial-lateral speed of static balance, dynamic balance, and TUG. The BHG was significantly different in their static balance, dynamic balance, and TUG. Conclusion: These findings consider the effects of holding handrails concomitantly with changes in postural stability. We conclude that for training stroke patients, treadmill walking while holding handrails improves balance and gait more than treadmill walking without holding handrails. The resulting changes in muscle activity patterns may facilitate the transfer to a gait pattern. The results of this study suggest methods for training treadmill walking in stroke patients.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.207-216
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• 2006

Shit-tzu견에서 발정 주기, 교배 적기 및 배란 시기를 정확하게 추정하기 위한 질 세포 검사를 확립하기 위하여 Shih-tzu 견 12두를 대상으로 발정 주기동안 질 세포 검사 및 estradiol-$17{\beta}$와 progesterone 농도를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 발정주기별 질 세포상의 특징적인 변화로서 발정 전기에는 무핵 세포와 적혈구, 발정기에는 표층 세포와 무핵 세포 및 적혈구가 주종을 이루는 세포였으며 발정 휴지기에는 소형 중간 세포와 대형 중간 세포, 무발정기에는 부기저 세포와 소형 중간 세포 및 백혈구가 주종을 이루는 세포이었다. 또한 CI는 발정 전기와 발정기에 높게 나타났으나, 발정 휴지기와 무발정기에는 감소하여 각 기간별 비교에서 발정 전기와 발정기에 유의성 있게 높았다. 발정주기 중 첫 수컷 허용일(Day 0)을 기준으로 하였을 때 CI는 발정 전기 개시일 전후인 Day -9에 $72.4{\pm}2.9%$, Day -4에 $84.0{\pm}3.9%$로 80% 이상으로 증가하였으며 Day 0에 $97.0{\pm}1.1%$로 증가하여 Day 2에는 $98.2{\pm}0.5%$로 최고치를 나타내었으며 CI가 80% 이상을 나타낸 기간은 Day -4에서 Day 6까지(11일간)이었고, 90% 이상을 나타낸 기간은 Day -1에서 Day 5까지(7일간)이었다. 또한 임신 Shih-tzu 견 12두에서 혈장 progesterone 농도가 최초로 4.0 ng/ml 이상으로 증가한 날을 기준(Day 0)으로 발정 주기 중 혈장 progesterone과 estradiol-$17{\beta}$ 및 CI의 관계를 살펴보면 estradiol-$17{\beta}$가 Day -2에 최고치를 나타내었고, CI가 Day -1에 최고치를 나타낸 후 Day 0에 혈장 progesterone 농도가 $5.2{\pm}0.3ng/ml$로 최초로 4.0 ng/ml 이상으로 증가하였다. CI가 최초로 80 % 이상으로 증가하여 지속한 날은 estradiol-$17{\beta}$ peak 5일전인 Day -7이었고, Day -7부터 Day 3까지 11일 동안 80% 이상으로 지속되었다. CI가 최초로 90% 이상으로 증가한 날은 estradiol-$17{\beta}$ peak 2일전인 Day -4이었으며, Day -4부터 Day 2까지 7일 동안 90% 이상으로 지속되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 보면 Shih-tzu 견에서 첫 수컷 허용일(Day 0)을 기준으로 하였을 때 CI 최고치는 Day 2에 나타났으며 이 때가 최상의 교배 적기로 사료되며, 혈장 progesterone농도가 4.0 ng/ml 이상으로 증가한 날(Bay 0)을 기준으로 하였을 때부터 CI는 혈장 estradiol-$17{\beta}$ peak 후 1일째인 최고치를 나타내었고, CI peak 후 1일째인 Day 0에 혈장 progesterone 농도가 최초로 4.0 ng/ml 이상으로 증가하여 CI가 90% 이상으로 지속된 시기가 최상의 교배 적기임이 확인되었다. 따라서 혈장 progesterone농도 측정으로 정확한 배란 시기 및 교배 적기를 판정할 수 있으나, 시설비가 저렴하고 검사 방법이 간단한 질 세포 검사가 Shih-tzu 견에서 발정 주기, 교배 적기 및 배란 시기의 판정에 응용될 수 있음을 시사하는 결과라고 사료된다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2014

본 연구는 한우 번식 기록이 잘 유지되고 있는 4개 농장의 2007년 1월부터 2010년 10월까지의 번식 자료 수집하여 분석하였다. 수태 당 평균 수정 횟수와 평균 공태일은 A농장 $1.7{\pm}0.1$회와 $77.4{\pm}4.8$일, B농장 $1.5{\pm}0.1$회와 $150.8{\pm}11.2$일, C농장 $1.5{\pm}0.1$회와 $90.4{\pm}4.5$일, D농장 $1.4{\pm}0.1$회와 $71.4{\pm}2.5$일이었다. 호르몬으로 발정을 유도하는 D농장을 제외한 3개 농장 531두의 번식 기록으로 분만 후 첫 수정 시기에 따른 평균 수정 횟수와 평균 공태일을 분석한 결과, 총 5개의 수정 시기에 따른 수정 횟수는 30일 이전 첫 수정이 $2.1{\pm}0.2$회로 31일 이후 첫 수정보다 유의적으로 높았다. 번식 장애우 58두에 2가지 배란 동기화법을 사용하여 수태율을 확인해 본 결과, Ovsynsh 법은 55.2%의 수태율을, CIDR-based TAI 법은 65.5%의 수태율을 나타냈다. 농장의 번식률을 높이기 위해서는 정확한 번식 기록 작성, 발정 관찰, 수정 후 임신 감정, 번식 기관 검진, 번식률을 고려한 첫 수정 시기 수정 등이 필요하다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between conception rate and other parameters (body condition score; BCS, progesterone concentrations and follicle size) before estrus induction with $PGF_2{\alpha}$. The conception rate in cows with (2.75, 2.75 to 3.25 and 3.25), BCS regardless of AI (artificial insemination) time was 47.5, 67.5% and 48.5% at $PGF_2{\alpha}$ injection, respectively. The conception rate regardless of BCS was 59.0% in cows inseminated based on detected estrus, and 46.2% in cows inseminated at 72 to 80 hours (timed artificial insemination, TAI) after $PGF_2{\alpha}$ injection. The conception rate regardless of AI time was 43.0% in cows with low progesterone concentrations (less than 1.0 ng/ml), and 67.5% in cows with high progesterone concentrations (more than 1.0 ng/ml) at $PGF_2{\alpha}$ injection. The conception rate regardless of progesterone concentrations was 59.9% in cows inseminated based on detected estrus, and 48.1% in cows of TAI after $PGF_2{\alpha}$ injection. The conception rate regardless of AI time was 36.0% in cows with small dominant follicles (less than 5 mm), 56.0% in cows between 5 mm to 10 mm of follicle size, and 65.5% in cows with large dominant follicles (more than 10 mm) at $PGF_2{\alpha}$ injection, respectively. The conception rate regardless of follicle size was 57.3% in cows inseminated based on detected estrus, and 47.6% in cows of TAI after $PGF_2{\alpha}$ injection. These results indicated that if the cows with BCS 2.75 to 3.25, active corpus luteum, and/or large dominant follicle (more than 10 mm) are used for estrus induction, the conception rate will be greater.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2010

To investigate the change of vaginal epithelial cell in estrus-induced Shih-tzu bitch, estrus was induced by PMSG (50 IU/kg, for 10 days) and hCG (1,000 IU, on Day 10) in 12 anestrus Shih-tzu bitches. Day-changes of vaginal epithelial cells during the whole period of hormone treatment were investigated in each experimental bitches. The first day of vulvar bleeding and the first day of male acceptant was on $6.72{\pm}1.38$ days ($Mean{\pm}S.D.$), and $10.44{\pm}1.63$ days after the first PMSG treatment. The duration of proestrus and estrus was $4.36{\pm}1.20$ days, and $7.58{\pm}1.43$ days. Characteristic features of vaginal cytology during the estrous cycle were the high proportion of large intermediate cell, superficial cell, anuclear cell and erythrocyte in proestrus, superficial cell and anuclear cell in estrus, and parabasal cell, small and large intermediate cell, and leukocyte in diestrus, respectively. When it was timed from the first day of PMSG administration (Day 0), the cornification index (CI) was the high proportion in proestrus and estrus. The CI peak was maintained above 80% between Day 11~14 (4 days) and CI showed a peak at Day 12. These results indicated that the 12 Shih-tzu bitches showed positive estrus induction by vaginal smear test and observation of clinical estrus sign.