• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.74-80
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• 2013

We evaluated whether group locomotor imagery training-combined knowledge of performance (KP) lead to improvements in gait function in community dwelling individuals with chronic stroke. Ten adults who had suffered a hemiparetic stroke at least 6 months earlier participated in group locomotor imagery training-combined KP for 5 weeks, twice per week, with 2 h intensive training. Dynamic gait index scores increased significantly after the group locomotor imagery training-combined KP. However, times for the timed up-and-go test did not improve significantly after the training. Group locomotor imagery training-combined KP may be a useful option for the relearning of gait performance for community dwelling individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.201-207
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• 2013

연구목적: 닌텐도 위를 이용한 가상현실기반 비디오게임 프로그램을 만성기 뇌졸중 환자에게 적용하여 균형능력 및 일상생활동작에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고, 뇌졸중 환자의 재활프로그램으로서 적용 가능성이 있는지 알아보고자 한다. 연구방법: 만성기 뇌졸중 환자를 무작위로 가상현실기반 비디오게임 프로그램을 적용한 실험군(n=7)과 적용하지 않은 대조군(n=10)으로 구분하여 연구를 진행하였다. 연구에 참여한 모든 대상자에게 30분의 Bobath therapy와 15분간의 FES 치료를 기본적으로 실시하였다. 이에 더하여 실험군은 가상현실기반 비디오게임 프로그램을 1일 30분이내, 주 5회, 3주간 실시하였다. 대조군은 자전거 운동과 보행훈련으로 30분간 시행하였다. 실험 전 후 눈뜨고 외발서기(OLST; open leg standing test), Timed Up and Go(TUG) 검사, 10m 걷기 검사, Functional Independence Measure(FIM)를 측정하였다. 실험 전과 실험 후 측정값의 차이를 비교하기 위해 Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test를 실시하였다. 그리고 각 측정값의 변화량에 대한 실험군과 대조군 사이의 차이를 알아보기 위해 Mann-Whitney U Test를 실시하였다. 연구결과: 실험결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 실험군에서는 FIM의 유의한 증가와 TUG, 10m 걷기 검사의 유의한 감소를(p<.05) 보였다. 대조군에서는 OLST의 증가와 TUG, 10m walking test의 감소가 나타났지만 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 오직 FIM에서만 유의한 증가가 나타났다(p<.05). 2) 실험 전 후의 실험군과 대조군의 각 측정값들의 평균차를 비교한 결과 실험군은 대조군보다 실험 전 후 OLST, TUG, 10m walking test 차이의 평균은 컸지만 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 결론: 이상의 결과로부터 가상현실기반 비디오게임이 만성기 뇌졸중 환자의 동적균형능력 및 일상생활동작 향상에 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was both to examine the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) lower leg taping and treadmill training on the gait and balance abilities of patients with hemiplegia resulting from a stroke and to provide a taping method based on the PNF concept. Methods: Twenty patients with hemiplegia resulting from a stroke were randomly and equally assigned to a control group (n=10), which received treadmill training, and to an experimental group (n=10), which received PNF lower leg taping and treadmill training. The intervention was conducted five times per week for six weeks. In order to measure changes in the gait ability of the subjects, a 10-meter walking test (10MWT) and a 6-minute walking test (6MWT) were conducted, and in order to measure changes in the subjects' balance ability, a timed up and go test (TUG) was performed. In order to compare differences within each group before and after the intervention, a paired-t test was carried out, and in order to compare differences between the two groups, the analysis of covariance was utilized. All statistical significance levels were set at ${\alpha}=0.05$. Results: There were significant differences before and after the intervention within both groups in changes of 10MWT, 6MWT, and TUG (p<0.01). Regarding differences between the two groups, the experimental group underwent more effective changes than the control group in 6MWT and TUG (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study applied PNF lower leg taping and treadmill training to patients with hemiplegia resulting from a stroke, and this resulted in improvement in the subjects' gait and balance abilities. Taping and treadmill training based on the PNF concept is considered to be usefully applied as one of the programs to improve hemiplegic patients' gait and balance abilities.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of providing visual feedback and auditory stimulation using a robotic device on balance and gait abilities in stroke patients. Design: Randomized controlled pilot trial. Methods: Fifteen subjects were randomly divided into three groups where five subjects were in the visual feedback robotic device assist gait training (VRGT) group, five subjects in the auditory stimulation robotic device assist gait training (ARGT) group, and five subjects in the control group. Subjects received visual feedback and auditory stimulation while undergoing robotic gait training for 45 minutes, three times a week for 2 weeks, and all subjects had undergone general physical therapy for 30 minutes, five times a week for 2 weeks. All subjects were assessed with the Berg balance scale (BBS), timed up and go (TUG) test, and 10-meter walking test (10MWT) pre- and post-intervention. Results: All subjects showed that BBS, TUG test, and 10MWT scores significantly improved post-intervention (p<0.05), and the control group also had significantly improved post-treatment (p<0.05). The VRGT and the ARGT showed significant improvements in BBS, TUG, and 10MWT scores compared with the control group (p<0.05). The VRGT group showed a significant improvement in BBS, TUG, and 10MWT scores compared with the control group (p<0.05). In addition, it has been confirmed that VRGT had significantly improved in BBS, TUG test, and 10MWT scores compared with the auditory stimulation and control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study showed improved balance and gait abilities after VRGT and ARGT groups compared with general physical therapy and was found to be effective in enhancing the functional activity of persons affected with stroke.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.332-338
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of postural control and locomotion on improvement of two point discrimination (TPD), stereognosis (ST) through somatosensory training (SST) on the upper limb (UL). Methods: The subjects were 20 hemiplegia patients who have problems with unilateral neglect after stroke. The patients were divided into two groups, the experimental group (EG) and the control group (CG). In the EG, SST for TPD, ST was performed 18 times, three times a week for six weeks, together with physical therapy (PT) and occupational therapy (OT). In the CG conventional PT and OT without SST was performed for six weeks. Several assessment tools were used in comparison of groups; two point discrimination test (TPDT) on forearm (F), thenar (T), hypothenar (TH), thumb tip (TH-T), index finger tip (IN-T), stereognosis test (ST), postural assessment scale for stroke (PASS), and clinical test of sensory interaction on balance (CTSIB) and timed up and go test (TUG). Results: In the CG, conventional PT and OT resulted in statistically improved TPDT (F), ST, PASS, and TUG. In the EG, SST resulted in statistically improved TPDT (F, T, HT, TH-T, IN-T), ST, PASS, and TUG. TPDT-T, ST, and CTSIB with length of displacement with eye open (LDEO) also showed significant improvement between the groups. Conclusion: In both groups TPDT ST, PASS and TUG, and SST had effects on the UL and TPDT, ST and static postural control had greater effects compared with the PG. Therefore, we could assume that TPD and ST are very important in performing human activities including postural control and locomotion.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.21-31
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• 2020

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a cognitive-exercise program using step on the cognitive function, gait, and depression of elderly with mild cognitive impairment. Methods : The subjects comprised 30 elderly people with mild cognitive impairment who used elderly welfare centers in the provinces A, B, and C between March 21 and June 7, 2019. They were divided into an experimental group (n=15) and a control group (n=15) before undergoing an experiment based on a pretest-posttest control group design. The lowenstein occupational therapy cognitive assessment-geriatric population was used to assess the subjects' cognitive function, while the 4-stage balance test, 30-second chair-stand test, timed up & go test, and functional reach test were employed to evaluate their gait. In addition, the beck depression inventory was used to measure their levels of depression. Results : The cognitive-exercise program using step enhanced the subjects' cognitive function and gait and reduced their levels of depression. Furthermore, statistically significant differences were found between the experimental group and the control group. Conclusion : The cognitive-exercise program using step promoted the process of sensorimotor and cognition through the learning process of various steps taking left and right steps and cognitive activities. It improves gait by activating the coordination of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems of the body and positively affecting posture control, balance, flexibility, and lower extremity muscles. It also relieved depression by performing successful step learning and cognitive activities with forward-looking (doing) that leads to pleasure and achievement. The present study confirmed the value of a cognitive-exercise program using step to treat multiple domains of functional decline in elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment. This is therefore proposed as an intervention program for this patient group.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.245-252
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of action observation training on lower limb muscle activity and dynamic balance in chronic stroke patients. Methods: This study evaluated 20 chronic stroke patients who were divided randomly into a control and an experimental group comprising 10 patients each. Both the experimental group and the control group performed the general exercise therapy provided by the hospital, but the experimental group also performed action observation training. Lower limb muscle activity was measured with a surface electromyograph, and dynamic balance was measured with the Timed Up and Go test and the 10-meter walk test. The paired t-test was used to compare the groups before and after the experiment. Furthermore, the independent t-test was used to assess differences in the degree of change between the two groups before and after the experiment. Results: The within-group comparisons for both the experimental group and the control group showed significant differences in muscle activity and dynamic balance (p<0.05). In a comparison between the groups, the differences in the muscle activity and dynamic balance of the experimental group appeared significant compared with those of the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The study results indicate that action observation training is effective in improving the muscle activity and dynamic balance of chronic stroke patients.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of visual feedback training-for gradual weight shift in sit-to-stand training-on the balance and walking abilities of chronic hemiplegia patients. Methods: Twenty patients with chronic hemiplegia volunteered to participate in this study. The experimental group received visual feedback for gradual weight shift in the sit-to-stand training, while the contrast group followed the standard process for the sit-to-stand training. The evaluation of the balance and walking ability was conducted with the functional reach test (FRT), Berg balance scale (BBS), five time sit-to-stand (FTSTS) test, timed up and go (TUG) test, 10 m walk test (10MWT), balancia, activities-specific balance confidence (ABC) scale, and falls efficacy scale (FES). Results: In the results before and after intervention, there was a significant difference in TUG, 10MWT, ABC, and FES in the visual feedback training group (p < 0.05). In the control group, there was a significant difference in the 10MWT and ABC (p < 0.05). Also, in the evaluation of the postural fluctuations, the control group data showed a significant increase in Covar. The visual feedback group showed a significant difference in the W average. Conclusion: The visual feedback training group showed some improvement in terms balance and walking ability and on the ABC scale and FES. Therefore, if the diagonal progressive weight bearing exercise is combined with the various patterns and basic principles of PNF, it may be a more efficient intervention method.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2024

PURPOSE: This study compared the effect of the muscle energy technique (MET) and stretching technique on ankle dorsiflexion passive range of motion, balance, and gait ability of stroke patients with limited ankle dorsiflexion. METHODS: Forty-four post-stroke patients participated. The participants were randomized into the MET group (METG; n = 22) and the stretching group (STG; n = 22). The METG was subjected to the MET to relax the dorsiflexion, while the STG was subjected to the dorsiflexion stretching technique. Both groups completed standard neurological physical therapy for 30 min per session. The intervention was conducted five times a week over 3 weeks for a total of 15 times. All participants underwent ankle dorsiflexion passive range of motion measurement and Berg Balance Scale score determination and completed a 10-m walking test and the timed up and go test before and after the intervention. RESULTS: After the 3-week intervention, both groups showed significant improvement after the intervention (p < .05). METG participants showed greater improvements in ankle dorsiflexion passive range of motion and 10-m walking test results compared to STG participants (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Both interventions improved ankle dorsiflexion passive range of motion, balance, and gait ability in stroke patients with limited ankle dorsiflexion. Moreover, the MET was superior to ankle dorsiflexion passive range of motion on the 10-m walking test.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.96-102
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of a training program using virtual reality on the balance and lower muscular strength of Parkinson's disease patients. Methods: The study included 22 patients with Parkinson's disease who were arbitrarily classified into 2 groups: 11 patients in the experimental group and 11 patients in the control group. Balance was measured with the Berg balance scale (BBS), the functional reach test (FRT), one-leg stance test (OLST), and the timed up and go test (TUG); whereas, lower muscular strength was measured with the sit-to-stand test (STS). Ping-Pong, bowling, and tennis were selected for virtual reality training for the experimental group, and were performed for 30 minutes 3 times a week for 8 weeks. The control group did not undergo any of the virtual reality training programs. Results: A significant difference was observed in the BBS, FRT, OLST, TUG, and STS results within the experimental group that underwent the virtual reality training program. On the other hand, no significant difference was observed in the BBS, FRT, OLST, TUG, and STS values within the control groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, the virtual reality training program positively affects the balance and lower muscular strength in Parkinson's disease patients. This result indicates the possibility of application of the virtual reality training program to the management for Parkinson's disease patients, and highlights the need for the development and application of more efficient virtual reality training programs in the future.