• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47
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• pp.33-54
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• 2002

Rice quality is much dependent on the pre-and post harvest management. There are many parameters which influence rice or cooked rice qualitys such as cultivars, climate, soil, harvest time, drying, milling, storage, safety, nutritive value, taste, marketing, eating, cooking conditions, and each nations' food culture. Thus, vice evaluation might not be carried out by only some parameters. Physicochemical evaluation of rice deals with amy-lose content, gelatinizing property, and its relation with taste. The amylose content of good vice in Korea is defined at 17 to 20%. Other parameters considered are as follows; ratio of protein body-1 per total protein amount in relation to taste, and oleic/linoleic acid ratio in relation to storage safety. The rice higher Mg/K ratio is considered as high quality. The optimum value is over 1.5 to 1.6. It was reported that the contents of oligosaccharide, glutamic acid or its derivatives and its proportionalities have high corelation with the taste of rice. Major aromatic compounds in rice have been known as hexanal, acetone, pentanal, butanal, octanal, and heptanal. Recently, it was found that muco-polysaccharides are solubilized during cooking. Cooked rice surface is coated by the muco-polysaccharide. The muco-polysaccharide aye contributing to the consistency and collecting free amino acids and vitamins. Thus, these parameters might be regarded as important items for quality and taste evaluation of rice. Ingredients of rice related with the taste are not confined to the total rice grain. In the internal kernel, starch is main component but nitrogen and mineral compounds are localized at the external kernel. The ingredients related with taste are contained in 91 to 86% part of the outside kernel. For safety that is considered an important evaluation item of rice quality, each residual tolerance limit for agricultural chemicals must be adopted in our country. During drying, rice quality can decline by the reasons of high drying temperature, overdrying, and rapid drying. These result in cracked grain or decolored kernel. Intrinsic enzymes react partially during the rice storage. Because of these enzymes, starch, lipid, or protein can be slowly degraded, resulting in the decline of appearance quality, occurrence of aging aroma, and increased hardness of cooked rice. Milling conditions concerned with quality are paddy quality, milling method, and milling machines. To produce high quality rice, head rice must contain over three fourths of the normal rice kernels, and broken, damaged, colored, and immature kernels must be eliminated. In addition to milling equipment, color sorter and length grader must be installed for the production of such rice. Head rice was examined using the 45 brand rices circulating in Korea, Japan, America, Australia, and China. It was found that the head rice rate of brand rice in our country was approximately 57.4% and 80-86% in foreign countries. In order to develop a rice quality evaluation system, evaluation of technics must be further developed : more detailed measure of qualities, search for taste-related components, creation and grade classification of quality evaluation factors at each management stage of treatment after harvest, evaluation of rice as food material as well as for rice cooking, and method development for simple evaluation and establishment of equation for palatability. On policy concerns, the following must be conducted : development of price discrimination in conformity to rice cultivar and grade under the basis of quality evaluation method, fixation of head rice branding, and introduction of low temperature circulation.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.137-154
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• 2002

It's not easy to renew old brand of over 50 years history to the tastes of new consumer of our time. Most of national brands that has a history of some 20 years in Korea have strove for continuation and growth of brand to no avails, which can be taken as a good example of current situation. For instance, C company, one of the National brand of US which has a history of 51 years, has made its position secure as a fashion group and based itself on a sound foundation by establishing new marketing strategy and completing successful brand renewal in the process of strategic M&A with Italian company. Those successful marketing strategies are as follows. 1) they regarded both market and consumer oriented marketing activity as company's highest priority strategy and put great emphasis upon concentration on target market and reestablishment of brand image of business casual wear. 2) Setting up and operating planning team composed of merchandizer alone in Milano, they set the direction of plan on the basis of concentrated research on potential item in market according to thorough market research done by buying office in Korea, branch office in Hong Kong and buyer in US prior to blueprint planning for season. 3) Great emphasis was placed on business which focused on intensive presentation of basic key item for apparel career women who are main consumer group in the midium-low prices market in US and on supplementation of size and color. they named this line 'collectibles' and helped their customer develop their own clothes plan without worrying about the change of color and fabric by supporting same fabric and color throughout the year and enabled them to add variation easily by supplementing new trend item. 4) Company set black as a main color that lots of apparel career women find easy to care and to express their own image and presented them with pebble which belongs to navy and beige and added fashion color such as wine and brown etc as season goes by. They constructed basic line in order for their customers to coordinate purchased item with new one or to add them to present collection, and to achieve efficient sale by setting up strategy which allows this cross coordination and changing pattern occasionally. 5) Though basic jacket for 99$, short slim skirt for 49$ are products within midium-low prices range, in the material planning stage aiming at production of item that has both resonable function appealing to consumer and is fashionable, synthetic material had to be used as a main source due to price competitiveness. Despite this situation, considering comfortable sense of fit and refined drape of silhouette that has no sign of cheap material, whole collectible line was divided into two items, which contributed to reduction of cost. In case of material that is composed of triacetate and polyester in 70 to 30 ratio, was used up to 4 million yard, which allowed drastic curtailment of cost accompanied by concentration. In case of 'collectibles' line, using Korean material mainly, C company chose to have their product sewed in Southeast Asian countries where transportation is well developed and both productivity and quality verified by operating global production system which aiming at cutdown of cost through outsourcing production from the country where labor cost is low and getting finished product. Polarization between present consumers telling us that consumers with the mind of middle classes in the past no longer exists between consumers who seek after only fine article of highest quality and wise consumers who are sensible enough to judge bubble on correlation between price and quality. To cope with this change in new consumer mind, apparel makes changing their policy so as to produce item that has reasonable quality and falls within affordable price range anywhere in the world. and they're striving to get out of difficult situation by operating global marketing strategy which stresses separation of planning, production and sale and sensibility of fashion shared worldwide. The marketing strategy of C company can be exemplified as a successful one.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.213-254
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• 1996

The Korean Geographical Society was founded in 1945, when Korea was liberated from the Japanese rule. And The Journal of the Korean Geography activated academic studies of geography by publishing research papers in it. Professor Kang, Dae-Hyun wrote the first two specialized papers of rural geography in 1966: " Flood Plain Settlements on the Han River" and "The Location and Form of the Dispersed Villages around Dae-Cwan-Ryung". The early studies of rural geography were not based on serious academic foundations, such as the adjustment of theoretical notions and a good grasp of subjects. After choosing subjects that came to hand without academic consideration. they simply enumerated generalized items of the results of the field work investigation such as the location the landscape and the process of formation of the settlements. In the 1970s and 1980s, however, rural settlement studies progressed remarkably in Korea. More than 80% of 318 dissertations, theses, or papers collected for this review were written in the late 1980s, and the subjects and methodology became diversified. As may be expected, recent studies are found very systematic and problem-solving in the various fields - contexual understanding spatial structure, the development of clan villages according to the socialization process, the effects of rural-out migration on the change of villages etc. Such a trend can be understood as a reaction to the circumstances under which, as the Western society already experienced, rural villages become washed out by the waves of industralization and urbanization and hardly continue to exist. In this paper, geographical studies of rural settlement which have been carried out in Korea last fifty years will be reviewed under the four headings on the studies related to a) farming villages; b) fishing villages; c) mountain villages: and d) special function villages. Studies of farming villages and related ones are very diverse. The results of the studies carried out last fifty years can be classified into sixteen subjects. Just as, in the West, studies of rural settlement have been mainly concerned with farming villages since rural geography came into being, so, in Korea, they have been centred on farming villages. It is a natural result considering the history of human life. Even in Korea, however the rural settlement is no more an isolated life space which keeps unique traditions of old life style, but it begins to form a dynamic life space connected to big cities by heavy traffic. Because the modern farming villages of Korea have an undetachable connection with the cities, special methodology to solve new problems has been posed in the studies of rural settlement. Many scholars have produced a lot of studies of farming villages, and three of them are prominent: Oh. Hong-Seok, Choi, Ki-Yeop, and Lee, Moon-Jong. Oh, Hong-Seok is a versatile and hard-working scholar who has published more papers than anyone else in the various fields of rural geography such as farming villages, fishing villages, mountain villages, and reclamation villages. And he has expanded his concerns to environment issues in recent years. Choi, Ki-Yeop has maintained that the prototype of Korean rural villages is clan villages continuing to write a series of good papers in which he pursues their regionalizion in the process of socialization. Lee, Moon-Jong divides the spatial organization of side settlement, sahachon (settlement near the temple), religion settlement, orchard settlement, settlement near the foreign military camp, displaced people's settlement. Chung Gam Lok settlement, etc. Though The Korean Geographical Society has half a century's history, academic activties in the field of rural settlement have been performed no more than thirty years. We cannot help saying that it is admirable that in such a rather short time we have five academical schools of the rural geography in Korea. geography in Korea.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.1-12
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• 2016

This study was carried out for the improvement of nutrition and quality of streamed bread. For this purpose, brown rice liquid starter and brown rice sourdough were made and steamed bread was made with different amounts of starter addition followed by a measurement of its physicochemical and sensory characteristics. The pH of dough and titratable acidity tended to decrease significantly according to brown rice sourdough. In addition, the titratable acidity of the control group had significant different by samples. As for the volume of dough, there was no significant difference between the control sample and each sample, but after 15 minutes of fermentation, the volume increased the most in the control sample, with sample D having the least volume. As for volume and specific volume of steamed bread, sample B had the largest at 3.34 and each sample had significant differences based on fermentation time. As for diameter, sample B was the largest at 88.11 and sample D was the smallest at 79.04, with significant differences among samples. As for height of steamed bread, the control group was the highest at 42.91 and sample D was the lowest at41.87, with significant differences among samples. As for the cross-section structure of steamed bread, the porous of sample B, which had the largest volume and specific volume, was the largest with uniform texture and even distribution. L value tended to be higher in the added sampleroups than in the control sample. a value increased as brown rice sourdough increased, and b value was lower when volume and specific volume of the steamed bread increased, which showed a similar trend with that a L value. As for hardness, viscosity, and chewing capacity, sample D was the highest and sample B was the lowest, with significant differences among samples. As a result of measurement of overall preference, sample B had the highest preference with the highest preference in flavor, taste, appearance and texture, and D had the lowest preference with the lowest preference in taste, appearance and texture, with significant differences among samples.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.10-20
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• 2020

This study aims to analyze the developed characteristics of the knowledge and information of gardens through garden or flowering plant books compiled in the 15th and 19th centuries of Joseon Dynasty. Diachronically analysis of the garden or flowering plant books classified the characteristics in which knowledge and information about gardens are developed by the period, and looked at the factors. The results are as follows; First, the relationship between the authors who compiled the garden or flowering plant books had similar characteristics to the genealogy of Realist School of Confucianism(實學) in the Joseon Dynasty. Kang, Hee-An's practical features influenced later realist school of confucianism scholars. Lee, Su-Gwang has accumulated knowledge of the garden through his experience of traveling the diplomatic envoy to China. Since then, Hong Man-sun's ideology has been related to Charles, a member of the Southerners. Seo Yu-gu was also able to accept Realist School of Confucianism in an integrated way through the Jungnong school's theory and interaction with the Jungsang school. Ryu, Jung-Lim's relationship with the Jungnong school emerged as he added to the 『Jeungbosanrimgyeongje(增補山林經濟)』. Second, the 『Yanghwasorok(養花小錄)』, 『Jibongyuseol(芝峯類說)』 「Hwuimok(卉木)」, 『Hangjeongrok(閑情錄)』, 『Sanrimgyeongje(山林經濟)』 「Yanghwa(養花)」, 『Jeungbosanrimgyeongje(增補山林經濟)』 「Yanghwa(養花)」, 『Hwaamsurok(花庵隨錄)』 and 『Imwongyeongjeji(林園經濟志)』 「Yewonji(藝畹志)」 contain garden plant characteristics, cultivation methods, and management methods. The 『Imwongyeongjeji(林園經濟志)』 「Seomyongji(贍用志)」, 「Iunji(怡雲志)」, 「Sangtaekji(相宅志)」 contain details on the location selection of gardens, the layout of facilities, how to create them and materials. The description of these garden or flowering plant books was found to be the most common introduction with 55 percent, followed by methodologies(42.8%), the Lichi Theory(理氣論, 15.5%), the classification(12.4%), and the convention(1.9%). Third, based on the importance of knowledge and information on gardens, the garden or flowering plant books related to the period were classified as early period, including 『Yanghwasorok(養花小錄)』, 『Jibongyuseol(芝峯類說)』 which were compiled before the 17th century. The 18th-century compiled 『Sanrimgyeongje(山林經濟)』 and 『Jeungbosanrimgyeongje(增補山林經濟)』 were classified as middle period, and the 19th-century compilation of 『Imwongyeongjeji(林園經濟志)』 was classified as late period. The garden or flowering plant books were cited the contents of ancient Chinese books, the author's experiences and opinions contained in the preceding period in later garden books. And the reinforcement of garden knowledge was made to reflect the agricultural technology and expertise developed at the time of writing. Fourth, based on analysis of the development and acceptance of knowledge information in garden by period, In the early period was dealing with floriculture as a way to explore the logic of things. Later, in the 18th century, a vast influx of garden knowledge information came from China. Among scholars, they secured justification for garden creation as part of various knowledge-seeking activities, which expanded their expertise in gardens. In response to the trend of gardening in the 19th century, professional books were written based on knowledge and information on gardens that were collected in the past, and systems were established such as the collection and management of garden plants, construction methods, enjoying methods, and self-realization.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.197-216
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• 2008

Managing a mixture of zoysiagrass with tall fescue has been proposed in transitional zone as a practical practice to combine the advantages of the two species and compensate the limitations. To manage the mixture is a challenge because two species are involved. The objective of this study was to determine if zoysiagrass/tall fescue mixture can be maintained with proper mowing and fertilization under simulated sport traffic at an acceptable quality level. Zoysiagrass was seeded in June and tall fescue was overseeded in August 1996. In November 1996, zoysiagrass coverage was 62.36, 29.88, and 30.02% for 0, 50, and $100\;Kg\;ha^{-l}\;N$ rates, respectively. At the same time, zoysiagrass coverage was 23.53, 41.95, and 57.40% for the mowing heights of 6.5, 5.0, and 3.5 cm, respectively. Zoysiagrass and tall fescue coverage in July 1997 was showing the same trend as in the late season of 1996 although the differences were not as big. There were significant interactions between N fertilization rates and mowing heights. In November 1998, the zoysiagrass coverage was different among the two tall fescue variety mixtures, 21.68, and 32.25% in 'Arid' and 'Grasslands Garland', respectively. Zoysiagrass coverage was favored in lower mowing height, lower N rates, and lower traffic. Interaction effects on zoysiagrass were found between tall fescue variety and nitrogen rate, tall fescue variety and mowing height, and traffic and nitrogen rate. Zoysiagrass shoot density was 7.42, 25.47, and 58.95% for mowing heights of 6.5, 5, and 3.5 cm, respectively; and it was 47.27, 20.27, and 26.26% for N rates of 0, 50, and $100\;Kg\;ha^{-l}\;$, respectively in 1998. The effects on zoysiagrass shoot density from the interaction of N rate and tall fescue variety was significant in 1998. Shoot density responded to the N rate, mowing height, and traffic differently from the ground coverage, indicating that shoot and leaf growth have different adaptation strategies.

• Clean Technology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.212-220
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• 2018

Oxy-fuel combustion is considered as a promising greenhouse gas reduction technology in power plant. In this study, the behaviors of NO and $SO_2$ were investigated under the condition that in-furnace $deNO_x$ and $deSO_x$ methods are applied in oxy-fuel circulating fluidized bed combustion condition. In addition, the generation trends of $SO_3$, $NH_3$ and $N_2O$ were observed. For the purpose, limestone and urea solution were directly injected into the circulating fluidized bed combustor. The in-furnace $deSO_x$ method using limestone could reduce the $SO_2$ concentration in exhaust gas from ~403 to ~41 ppm. At the same experimental condition, the $SO_3$ concentration in exhaust gas was also reduced from ~3.9 to ~1.4 ppm. This trend is mainly due to the reduction of $SO_2$. The $SO_2$ is the main source of the formation of $SO_3$. The negative effect of $CaCO_3$ in limestone, however, was also appeared that it promotes the NO generation. The NO concentration in exhaust gas reduced to ~26 - 34 ppm by appling selective non-catalytic reduction method using urea solution. The $NH_3$ concentration in exhaust gas was appeared up to ~1.8 ppm during injection of urea solution. At the same time, the $N_2O$ generation also increased with increase of urea solution injection. It seems that the HNCO generated from pyrolysis of urea converted into $N_2O$ in combustion atmosphere. From the results in this study, the generation of other pollutants should be checked as the in-furnace $deNO_x$ and $deSO_x$ methods are applied.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.281-285
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• 1995

The persimmon leaf tea was produced from persimmon leaves by three different methods (conventional, steamed, fermented) and the changes of total vitamin C and superoxide dismutase(SOD)-like activity were investigated. The amount of total vitamin C was the highest in fermented persimmon leaf tea which was 47% of total vitamin C of raw persimmon leaves. The SOD-like activity of conventional and fermented persimmon leaf teas were a little higher than that of steamed. The total vitamin C of steamed persimmon leaf tea was decreased slowly as the extraction time was increased. That of fermented persimmon leaf tea was increased generally at $60^{\circ}C\;and\;70^{\circ}C$, and increased until 5min and then decreased at $80^{\circ}C\;and\;90^{\circ}C$, The optimum extraction condition of total vitamin C in fermented persimmon leaf tea was 3min and 5min at $80^{\circ}C\;and\;90^{\circ}C$, 5min and 10min at $60^{\circ}C$. The total vitamin C of conventional persimmon leaf tea was so little that could not be measured by DNP method. The SOD-like activity of conventional and steamed persimmon leaf teas were increased and that of fermented showed the trend of increasing-decreasing-increasing. Fermented persimmon leaf tea had higher SOD-like activity than conventional and steamed at all tested conditions, and the optimum extraction condition of SOD-like activity was 3min and 10min at $80^{\circ}C\;and\;90^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.409-416
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• 2020

An extreme climate monitoring is essential to the reduction of socioeconomic damages from extreme events. The objective of this study was to produce the near-realtime weekly root-zone Soil Moisture Index (SMI) on the basis of soil moisture using the Noah 3.3 Land Surface Model (LSM) for potentially monitoring extreme drought events. The Yangtze basin was selected to evaluate the Noah LSM performance for the East Asia region (15-60°N, 70-150°E) and the evapotranspiration (ET) and sensible heat flux (SH) were compared with ET and SH from FluxNet and with ET from FluxCom, Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM), ERA-5, and Generalized Complementary Relationship (GCR). For the ET, the coefficients of determination (R²) were higher than 0.96, while the R² value for the SH was 0.71 with slightly lower than those. A time series of the weekly root-zone SMI revealed that the regions with Extreme drought had been expanded from the northern part of East China to the entire East China between July to October 2019. The trend analysis of the number of extreme drought events showed that extreme drought events in spring had reduced in South Korea over the past 20 years, while those in fall had a tendency to increase. It is concluded that this study can be useful to reduce the socioeconomic damages resulted from climate extremes by comprehensively characterizing extreme drought events.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.26
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• pp.79-108
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• 2012

This thesis is on the purpose of seeking for the possibility of a mechanism in interpreting, analyzing and criticizing cartoons which are applied to the concept of "the gaze" based on "the otherness of vision", which states a pluralistic visual world. It proves that cartoons are in line with other art works that are the subject to "lack and desire"; the gaze, greets reality and acts as an important criterion of analyzing and criticizing the trend in contemporary art, in which the cartoon expresses the gaze in harmony within its work of art. In this thesis, the artist, Kang Doh-ha structuralized ambiguous and difficult forms of art as he has cumulated experimental minds by working in an indie cartoon plane for a long period of time. Among his works of art, he identified the "invisible world" through his piece "Kubrik". Therefore, he represented: a metaphor and a metonymy, an ambiguously situational expression, an intentional and emotional error, the structure of individuality and integration, and finally tension beyond its meaning through use of 'the gaze' that is both the cause and the subject of a desire in the visible world which Lacan academized when he interpreted and analyzed "Kubrik". The concept of the gaze can be used in a variety of ways to display one another's presence in relation each character, revealing a spot of lack by staring back at readers or audiences and furthermore, to analyze and criticize the hidden side of the art piece by critics. The most important details are the artist's gaze, which is seen in the eyes of the analysis and also his or her criticism of the cartoon, which functions as a metaphoric screen in which the subject himself or herself betrays the law of desires thus enabling the violent and cruel reality to be masked and indulged in plays. This will serve as an element that will lead into an art as well as control the degradation to just a piece of enjoyment with the cartoon remaining only within the visual world.