• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.142-157
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• 2001

This study was conducted to get the basic information for promoting farm machinery productivity by surveying the regular maintenance and repair status of major farm machinery such as power tiller, farm tractor, rice transplanter and combine harvester. The survey was carried out through 9 provinces including Cheju province by direct visiting farmers with prepared questionnaire. The results of this study can be summarized as follows : 1. The average farming carrier of the surveyed farmers was 25.3 years, and 21-30 years of farming carrier showed the highest portion as 40.7%. The average carrier of using farm machinery was 9.4 years, and that was 14.9 years for power tiller, 8.3 years for farm tractor, 9.0 years for rice transplanter, 7.9 years for combine harvester, 7.5 years for mini tiller, 9.7 years for power sprayer, and 8.2 years for binder etc. 2. The regular maintenance for farm machinery was conducted mainly at repair shop (49.5%) or dealer agency (12.0%) as 61.5%, and 34.9% of farmers conducted the regular maintenance by themselves at their house. 3. The reasons for not-fully recognizing operation manual and insufficient before-, during-, after-maintenance of farm machinery were insufficient time for them (45.8%), troublesome (22.9%), unknown maintenance method (16.3%), unknown the necessity for maintenance (12.4%), and others (2.6%) in order. 4. For the annual exchange of engine oil, 3.2 times is necessary but actually 1.7 times was exchanged for power tiller, 4.3 times is necessary but actually 1.9 times was exchanged for farm tractor, 2.7 times is necessary but actually 1.7 times was exchanged for rice transplanter, 2.2 times is necessary but actually 2.3 times was exchanged combine harvester. 5. For the annual cleanness or exchange of fuel filter, 3.2 times is necessary but actually 1.1 times was done for power tiller, 4.3 times is necessary but actually 1.6 times was done for farm tractor, 2.7 times is necessary but actually 1.7 times was done for rice transplanter, 1.9 times is necessary but actually 0.8 times was done for combine harvester. 6. For the annual cleanness or exchange of air filter, 3.2 times is necessary but actually 1.4 times was done for power tiller, 4.2 times is necessary but actually 2.4 times was done for farm tractor, 2.6 times is necessary but actually 1.6 times was done for rice transplanter, 3.9 times is necessary but actually 7.0 times was done for combine harvester. 7. For the experience of breakdown related to maintenance, 5.3% of farmers experienced breakdown due to the insufficient exchange of engine oil, 7.7% of farmers experienced breakdown due to the insufficient cleanness or exchange of fuel filter, and 2.9% of farmers experienced breakdown due to the insufficient cleanness or exchange of air filter. 8. Most farmers (76.1%) recognized the necessity for agricultural machinery training or education, and most farmers preferred about one week for the training period, simple or ease maintenance for the training level, agricultural technical center or agricultural machinery manufacturer for the training agency. 9. Complete recognition of operation manual and sufficient before-, during-, and after-maintenance for farm machinery can minimize the breakdown as well as conduct suitable period farming, enlarge the endurance, prevent the safety accidents, and promote productivity of farm machinery. Therefore, these can be accomplished by the thorough training or education for agricultural machinery.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.39
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• pp.69-96
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• 2019

North Korea has conserved operas in a selective manner. The subject matters of operas recorded in the history of North Korea can be divided into classical tales, translated foreign works, Korean War and war against Japan. Operas that adapted folk classics of the 1950s are considered valuable materials to verify the changes of genres posterior to division of regime between North and South Korea. The officially confirmed works include "Kumgangsan Palseonnyeo (Gyeonwoo Jiknyeo)," "Chunhyangjeon." "Kongjwi Patjwi (Kotsin)," "Ondal," and "Geumnaneui Dal." These works had gone through recreation in terms of realistic situation setting, abolition of class difference, adjustment of social rank and punishment of evil while the base lies in the original folk classics. People emphasized in adapted folk operas are described as those who are hard-working souls without giving importance of difference of social rank, content with the currently living space, devoted to their parents and full of patriotic spirit, and members of community who participate in organized fights against unfair exploitation. This was the fruit of encouragement of work creation supporting union between labor and individual life, destruction of old things and fight promoting this destruction. Folk operas of South and North Korea posterior to Korean War have similarities in that both deal with a love story transcending social ranks and the concomitant conflicts and they focus on the audience who enjoy the operas. Nonetheless, they are different in that this love in North Korea became a tool of educating people wished by the regime, while it became an object of securing the audience by adding the tragic element to love in South Korea. North Korean operas of the initial stage are characterized by playwriting method emphasizing difficult life and compensation of common people, realistic stage expression, accentuation of melody and agreement between notes and lyrics. This was efforts designed to continuously lead senses concentrated from the theater to everyday life of people. In effect, this is in line with the playwriting method of revolutionary operas. Adapted folk operas were subject matters ideal for easily approaching the audience and leaving them good memories at the same time. To realize socialist realism, they went through an experiment of reviewing "people" through the classic folk operas. The possibility of continuation of a work was determined by thorough evaluation after carrying out an experiment in terms of subject matters, theme, music and operation plans from the moment of which the work was on the stage. The sign consisted in the possibility of visit of "Kim Il-sung" to appreciate the work and presentation of directionality. By proposing the clear directionality of which hard-working people who deny social status system can be duly compensated, it encouraged the audience who saw the opera to voluntarily put this in practice. Thus, operas established the directionality through selective processes for creating public communion even before revolutionary operas.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.39
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• pp.609-635
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• 2019

This study analyzed five official entries in the 3rd Cheong Kong Festival contest and analyzed the patterns of teen audience empathy. The tools used for this analysis were 'characters, acting, background and theme'. Firstly, characters were mostly teenagers and out-of-school teenagers, but there were other performances that focused on the relationship between teenagers and adults or focused on the youth, which the teen audience preferred. And they preferred realism acting to emotional acting and preferred musical acting to realism acting. In addition, the background of the events covered in the performance was evaluated to be like this: the closer the audience was to the youth, the higher the audience sympathized with the performance, and the closer the subject matter was to the youth's interest, the more positive it received. In summing up the opinions of the youth evaluation team, the first audience-participating Sinpa Theater, "Mr. X" was evaluated to expand the scope of teenagers to 20s and to show the negative and heavy reality as fun and beneficial one. Secondly, when it comes to non-prejudiced youth theatre "The Turtle", which have a high level of empathy, it was evaluated to shape the prejudice about others through the symbol of 'bag'. Thirdly, regarding the time-traveling retro-style youth theatre of the 'a jam-packed Bus', it was evaluated to be a well-made retro-style youth theatre. Regarding the 'Lunar Eclipse', which showed the aesthetic of the relationship, scenes were evaluated to be built with omission and restraint. Regarding "B Officer on and Love Letter", it was evaluated to be adapted to a musical from Hyun Jingun's novel, which was released 100 years ago. Lastly, the performance desired by the youth evaluation team was a performance with a high level of 'sympathy' and 'education'. In other words, they preferred performances that empathize with the emotions and thoughts of teenagers, and on the other hand, they wanted to see performances that allowed them to see the world broadly outside their own worlds. If youth theater is created by referring to the evaluation of youth as it is in this study, the audience will be more sympathetic to performances.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.95-119
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• 2010

Although there have been many studies regarding the inconsistency between consumers' attitudes and behavior, prior research has almost exclusively focused on the relationship between the attitude before behavior and the initial behavior. Relatively little research has been conducted on consumer satisfaction after purchase and post-purchase behavior. This research proposed that the relationship between satisfaction and post-purchase behavior is moderated by consumers' psychological characteristics such as need for cognitive closure(NCC) and temporal self-construal(SC). The need for cognitive closure refers to individuals' desire for a firm answer to a question and an aversion toward ambiguity. We assumed the need for cognitive closure as a major moderating variable because it is judged that the requirement for cognition clearly varies between when a consumer repurchases the same product and seeks a new alternative. Individuals who tend to end cognition due to time constraints or inappropriate conditions may display considerable cognitive impatience or impulsivity and has a higher probability in repurchasing the same product than a consumer without such limitations. They would avoid further consideration for new alternatives and the likelihood of the repurchase for prior alternative would increase. As hypothesized, significant moderating effect of the NCC was confirmed. This result gives a significant implication for a corporate to establish effective marketing strategies. For a corporate or product brand that has been occupying the market after entering the market earlier, it would be effective to maintain need for cognitive closure high in the existing consumers and thereby preventing the consumers from being interested in the new alternatives. On the other hand, new brands that have just entered the market need to lower the potential consumers' need for cognitive closure so that the consumers can be interested in new alternatives. Along with need for cognitive closure, temporal self-construal also turned out to moderate the satisfaction-repurchase. temporal SC reflects the extent to which individuals view themselves either as an individuated entity or in relation to others. Consumers under a temporarily independent SC would repurchase former alternative again according to their prior satisfaction and evaluation. In contrast, consumers in temporal interdependent SC tended to switch to a new alternative because they value interpersonal relationships above anything else and have a tendency to rely heavily on in-group opinions. When they are confronted with additional opinions, it is highly probable that he/she will choose a new product as an alternative. By proving the impact that temporal self-construal has on repurchasing behavior, this study is providing the marketers with new standards for establishing successful promotional strategies. For example, if the buyer and the user is the same for a product, it would be effective for the seller to convince the consumer to make decision subjectively by encouraging temporal independent self-construal. On the contrary, in the case where the purchase is made by an individual but the product is consumed by a group of people. For example, a housewife is more likely to choose the products or brands that her husband or children prefer rather than the ones that she likes by herself. In that case, emphasizing how the whole family can be satisfied and happy about the product would be effective for promoting repurchase.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.505-532
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among the growth period wounds, inferiority complex and personality disorder of teenaged students, which affected their mental health. The subjects in this study were 2,110 secondary students. After a survey was conducted, the collected data were analyzed. Whether there would be any differences among the adolescents in those factors were analyzed, and multiple regression analysis and path analysis were carried out. As a result, there were relatively more significant problems with the growth period wounds, inferiority complex, personality disorder and mental health of the students who were girls, who were high schoolers, whose household economy was more vulnerable and whose academic standing was lower. The growth period wound that exerted the largest significant influence on inferiority complex was happiness, followed by wound of security and wound of recognition, and the growth period wound that had the greatest significant impact on personality disorder was happiness, followed by wound of security, wound of confidence, wound of love and wound of equity. The growth period wound that exercised the biggest influence on mental health was happiness, followed by wound of security, wound of confidence, wound of love and wound of equity. As for the influence of the variables related to mental health, the indirect effects of the growth period wounds through personality disorder and inferiority complex were greater than their direct effects. The findings of the study suggest that growth period wounds are likely to lead to inferiority complex and personality disorder and ultimately to the injury of mental health, and indicate the importance of healthy family environments and of educational environments in the growth period.and mental health was analyzed, there was a statistically significant positive(+) correlation among all the variables. Third, the wound factors related to happiness and stability were identified as the factors that affected inferiority complex among the growth period wound factors. Personality disorder was found to be under the influence of the wound factors related to happiness, stability, love, confidence and a sense of equality in the growth period, and mental health was found to be affected by the wound factors related to happiness, stability, confidence, love and a sense of equality. Fourth, the growth period wounds had a direct impact on mental health, and inferiority complex played a significant mediating role at that time. Every subfactor of personality disorder also produced significant mediating effects except the wound factor of pride. The above-mentioned findings suggest that every possible effort should be made to let secondary students get hurt less to promote their mental health and resolve their mental health problems, and that professional counseling intervention and institutional assistance are required to help them to remove their inferiority complex and personality disorder.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.225-231
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• 2023

This study was carried out to investigate the growth characteristics, yield and chemical compositions of whole crop barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) according to mixing ratio of chemical fertilizer (CF) and liquid swine manure (LSM) in the paddy field cultivation. The experimental design was arranged in a randomized block design with five treatments and three replications. The manure fertilizer ratio of five treatments were CF 100% (T1), CF 70% + LSM 30% (T2), CF 50% + LSM 50% (T3), CF 30% + LSM 70% (T4), and LSM 100% (T5) of whole crop barley. At this time, the application of liquid swine manure was based solely on the nitrogen. Plant length was higher at T1 as compared to other treatments (T2, T3, T4 and T5). Fresh yield, dry matter yield and total digestive nutrients (TDN) yield were the highest in T1, whereas the lowest in T5 treatment (p<0.05). Chemical compositions (crude protein, crude fat, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and TDN) did not show significant difference among treatments. Ca and Na contents were significantly lower at T1 as compared to other treatments (T2, T3, T4 and T5). However, Mg and P contents were significantly higher at T1 as compared to other treatments(p<0.05). There was no significant difference in total free sugar content among T2, T3, T4 and T5 treatments, but the chemical fertilizer (T1) was significantly lower than the other treatments (p<0.01). Considering the above results, liquid swine manure application showed lower dry matter yield and TDN yield than chemical fertilizer, but higher free sugar content. Therefore, in order to increase the productivity of whole crop barley, it is considered desirable to mix liquid fertilizer with chemical fertilizer, taking into account the decomposition rate and insufficient components (P, K) of the liquid swine manure.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.398-403
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• 2023

Process-based K-cabbage model is based on physiological processes such as photosynthesis and phenology, making it possible to predict crop growth under different climate conditions that have never been experienced before. Current first-stage process-based models can be used to assess climate impact through yield prediction based on climate change scenarios, but no comparison has been performed between big data obtained from the main production area and model prediction so far. The aim of this study was to find out the direction of model improvement when using the current model for yield prediction. For this purpose, model performance evaluation was conducted based on data collected from farmers growing 'Chungwang' cabbage in Taebaek and Samcheok, the main producing areas of Chinese cabbage in highland region. The farms surveyed in this study had different cultivation methods in terms of planting date and soil water and nutrient management. The results showed that the potential biomass estimated using the K-cabbage model exceeded the observed values in all cases. Although predictions and observations at the time of harvest did not show a complete positive correlation due to limitations caused by the use of fresh weight in the model evaluation process (R²=0.74, RMSE=866.4), when fitting the model based on the values 2 weeks before harvest, the growth suitability index was different for each farm. These results are suggested to be due to differences in soil properties and management practices between farms. Therefore, to predict attainable yields taking into account differences in soil and management practices between farms, it is necessary to integrate dynamic soil nutrient and moisture modules into crop models, rather than using arbitrary growth suitability indices in current K-cabbage model.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.234-252
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• 2023

This study looked at the modification of major gardens while making Deoksugung Palace (德壽宮) a park in the Japanese colonial era. This is because landscaping work was carried out in various places from 1932 to 1933 to open Deoksugung Palace, which used to be an imperial palace, as a public recreation space. In particular, major gardens such as the front yard of Seokjojeon Hall (石造殿), the back yard of Hamnyeongjeon Hall (咸寧殿), and the back yard of Jeukjodang Hall (卽阼堂) were greatly transformed into different shapes from the original. During the first phase of construction in 1932, a water tank was installed in Seokjojeon Hall Garden, creating the first water space. This water tank was originally a structure installed in the front yard of Injeongjeon Hall (仁政殿) of Changdeokgung Palace (昌德宮). Around 1909, a water tank installed in the front yard of Injeongjeon Hall was relocated to Seokjojeon Garden in the process of turning Deoksugung Palace into a park. The water tank moved from the front yard of Injeongjeon Hall was a factor that transformed the central area of Seokjojeon Garden into a water space, and a fountain installed to replace the water tank remains to this day. The backyard of Hamnyeongjeon Hall was also renovated into a new shape during the first phase of construction. Originally, there was a terraced flowerbed called Hwagye (花階) in the backyard of Hamyujae Hall (咸有齋) and Hamnyeongjeon Hall, and it was restored from the construction that took place after the Great Fire of Deoksugung Palace. In the process of turning Deoksugung Palace into a park, a three-stage stonework was built in the front yard of Jeonggwanheon Pavilion (靜觀軒) which renovated the Hwagye in the backyard of Hamyujae Hall and Hamnyeongjeon Halll. The stonework built at that time was used as a peony garden to provide visitors with attractions after the opening of Deoksugung Palace, and it remains today with the name Jeonggwanheon's Hwagye. The backyard of the Jeukjodang Hall area is a case of damage in the second phase of construction in 1933. Like the backyard of Hamnyeongjeon Hall, the backyard of Jeukjodang Hall, where the Hwagye was originally built, was converted into a Japanese-style garden in the process of turning Deoksugung Palace into a park. The site where the Hwagye was demolished was decorated with a Japanese-style garden centered on mounding, small roads, and landscaping stones, as well as topographic control and planting work. Although there have been minor changes since liberation, the backyard of the Jeukjodang Hall area is still based on a Japanese-style garden created by turning Deoksugung Palace into a park.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.5_3
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• pp.1031-1042
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• 2023

In this study, a deep learning model was developed to predict the yield of cabbage and radish, one of the five major supply and demand management vegetables, using satellite images of Landsat 8. To predict the yield of cabbage and radish in Gangwon-do from 2015 to 2020, satellite images from June to September, the growing period of cabbage and radish, were used. Normalized difference vegetation index, enhanced vegetation index, lead area index, and land surface temperature were employed in this study as input data for the yield model. Crop yields can be effectively predicted using satellite images because satellites collect continuous spatiotemporal data on the global environment. Based on the model developed previous study, a model designed for input data was proposed in this study. Using time series satellite images, convolutional neural network, a deep learning model, was used to predict crop yield. Landsat 8 provides images every 16 days, but it is difficult to acquire images especially in summer due to the influence of weather such as clouds. As a result, yield prediction was conducted by splitting June to July into one part and August to September into two. Yield prediction was performed using a machine learning approach and reference models , and modeling performance was compared. The model's performance and early predictability were assessed using year-by-year cross-validation and early prediction. The findings of this study could be applied as basic studies to predict the yield of field crops in Korea.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.59-73
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• 2022

Untact marketing is being activated due to COVID-19. As a result, live commerce, an untact seller, is also active in the e-commerce market. Therefore, in this study, we tried to find out what factors influence consumers when they purchase through live commerce. In particular, since consumers' trust and flow in live commerce platforms and products is important, their mediating effects were analyzed. The research model was established by deriving common variables among the characteristics of live commerce based on previous studies. An online survey was conducted for empirical analysis. 200 users who made at least one purchase in live commerce were analyzed. The study results are as follows. Among the characteristics of live commerce, entertainment, economics, professionality were found to have a positive (+) effect on purchase intention. On the other hand, ease of use did not significantly affect purchase intention. The influence was shown in the order of entertainment, professionality and economics. The mediating effect of trust was found to play a mediating role in that entertainment, economics, and professionality affect purchase intention. On the other hand, a significant mediating effect was not tested between ease of use and purchase intention. As for the mediating effect of flow, it was found that flow plays a mediating role in that entertainment and economics affect purchase intention. On the other hand, the mediating effect of flow in terms of ease of use and economics affecting purchase intention was not tested. As for the multiple mediating effect of flow and trust, the mediating effect of flow was stronger than the mediating effect of trust when entertainment had an effect on purchase intention. In terms of professionality affecting purchase intention, the mediating effect of flow was also stronger than the mediating effect of trust. On the other hand, it was analyzed that only trust had a mediating effect when economics had an effect on purchase intention. The results of this study empirically tested that entertainment, which is a fun and interesting factor of live commerce content, is the most important factor when consumers use live commerce. In addition, various results were derived, such as cases where trust and flow act as mediators at the same time or not at all. Practical implications can be found in that it provided a clue about what to prioritize in order to reach consumers for live commerce platform.