• 대한가정학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.319-338
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• 1997

This study examined the time allocation pattern of husbands and wives. This study investigated i)the pattern of time allocation in the light of the extent of time spent in housework child care and leisure among husbands and wives living in urban area ii) the differences in extent of time spent in such activities between wives and husbands and iii) the determinants of time spent in such activities. A system of time allocation equations based on household production theory and several hypotheses explaining the distribution of domestic work among couples were employed. According to the results the pattern of time allocation was different between wives and husbands. Regardless of women's employment status wives were more likely to have dual responsibilities than were husbands. The time equation employed in this study had more explanatory power in the pattern of time allocation of wives than of husbands and of employed wives than of non-employed wives. The sex-role ideology hypothesis was supported for non-employed wives but not for employed wives. The time availability hypothesis was supported for the time allocation of employed wives and husbands. The economic efficiency hypothesis was supported for employed wives' time allocation.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.163-180
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to explore a typology of time allocation, investigate determinants of time allocation types, and analyze differences in time use satisfaction by the types of time use of the elderly. The data source for this research was the 2009 Time Use Survey conducted by the Korea National Statistical office (KNSO). The 4,699 time diaries (3,552 for weekday, 1,147 for Sunday) completed by the elderly over the age of 60 were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, chi-square, cluster analysis, ANOVA analysis, Duncan test, and multinomial logistic regression analysis. Time allocation of the elderly was classified into four types: personal care oriented, work oriented, leisure oriented, and balanced type. Gender, age, education, employment status, income, and the presence of spouse were identified as determinants for each type. According to the types of time allocation, time use satisfaction was different on week days.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.51-72
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• 2015

Time predictability is crucial in hard real-time and safety-critical systems. Cache memories, while useful for improving the average-case memory performance, are not time predictable, especially when they are shared in multicore processors. To achieve time predictability while minimizing the impact on performance, this paper explores several time-predictable scratch-pad memory (SPM) based architectures for multicore processors. To support these architectures, we propose the dynamic memory objects allocation based partition, the static allocation based partition, and the static allocation based priority L2 SPM strategy to retain the characteristic of time predictability while attempting to maximize the performance and energy efficiency. The SPM based multicore architectural design and the related allocation methods thus form a comprehensive solution to hard real-time multicore based computing. Our experimental results indicate the strengths and weaknesses of each proposed architecture and the allocation method, which offers interesting on-chip memory design options to enable multicore platforms for hard real-time systems.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2015

This paper deals with optimal power allocation for channel estimation of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing uplinks in time-varying channels. In the existing literature, the estimation of time-varying channel response in an uplink environment can be accomplished by estimating the corresponding channel parameters. Accordingly, the optimal power allocation studied in the literature has been in terms of minimizing the mean square error of the channel estimation. However, the final goal for channel estimation is to enable the application of coherent detection, which usually means high spectral efficiency. Therefore, it is more meaningful to optimize the power allocation in terms of capacity. In this paper, we investigate capacity with imperfect channel estimation. By exploiting the derived capacity expression, an optimal power allocation strategy is developed. With this developed power allocation strategy, improved performance can be observed, as demonstrated by the numerical results.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1998

2D 메쉬(two-dimensional mesh) 시스템에서 효율적인 서브메쉬 할당이 되기 위해서는 서브메쉬의 할당 시간과 시스템 진입 태스크의 응답 시간이 작아야 한다. Quick Allocation(QA)은 서브메쉬의 할당 시간을 줄이지만 외부 단편화를 발생시킬 가능성이 높다. 이로 인해 태스크의 응답 시간이 커지게 된다. 본 논문에서는 서브메쉬 할당 시간에는 거의 영향을 미치지 않으면서 외부 단편화를 줄일 수 있도록 QA 알고리즘을 개선하였다. 수정된 알고리즘은 QA에 비해 태스크들의 응답 시간을 다소 감소시켰음이 실험을 통하여 확인되었다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.181-196
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• 1996

This study examined the time allocation pattern of farm wives. In particular it addressed i)the differences in extent of time spent in farming housework child care and leisure between on-farm and off-farm seasons ii)differences in the extent of time spent in such activities among farm wives and urban wives and iii) the determinants of time spent in such activities. To achieve these goals a system of time allocation equations based on household production theory was employed. On hundred and eight farm wives wiere selected in 1993 by the methods of judgement sampling and cluster sampling. Two major questions in the survey elicited sociodemographic information and time-use of farm wives using the time-diary method, The results indicate that farm wives different decisions about how to allocate their time to farming housework child care leisure during on-farm and off-farm seasons. In addition it was that farm wives are more likely to have dual responsibilities than are urban wives. Finally in the off-farm season education number of younger children and region were significant variables in explaining the time allocation decisions of farm wives. However only age was a significant factor in their time allocation decisions during the on-farm season. This leads one to conclude that time allocation is not a choice for farm wives in the on-farm season.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.191-206
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• 2009

In this study, we investigate the effects of the methods of time allocation in lecturing on the mathematical academic achievement of freshmen in institute of technologies. The subjects are 392 freshmen from three universities participated in ABEEK(Accreditation Board for Engineering Education of Korea). They belong to three groups in accordance with the methods of time allocation in lecturing; 75 minutes twice a week(79 students) and 150 minutes continuously once a week(77 students) (university 1 of 156 students), 100 minutes twice a week(56 students) and 200 minutes continuously once a week(60 students) (university 2 of 116 students) and 50 minutes and 100 minutes separately once a week(62 students) and 150 minutes continuously once a week(58 students) (university 3 of 120 students). The results of this paper are summarized as follows: Firstly, the achievement of separate time-allocation groups is higher than that of continuous time-allocation groups. Secondly, the achievement of middle class students and low class students has higher effects when they are taught by using the methods of separate time-allocation in lecturing. Finally, the achievement of groups using 75 minutes twice a week is higher than that of using 50 minutes and 100 minutes separately once a week. In conclusion, this study suggests that the method of separate time allocation in lecturing using 75 minutes twice a week could be an advisable means to help those who achieve middle and low scores in the first college mathematics.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제7권10호
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• pp.882-890
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• 2001

The data link layer of Foundation Fieldbus is operated on the basis of scheduling and token-passing disciplines. This paper presents a network design method of Foundation Fieldbus using a bandwidth allocation scheme. Fieldbus traffic consists of periodic data and sporadically generated time-critical and time-available data. The bandwidth allocation scheme schedules the transmission of periodic data. Time-critical and time-available data are transmitted via a token-passing service. The validity of this bandwidth allocation scheme is determined using an experimental model of a network system. The results obtained from the experimental model show that the proposed scheme restricts the delay of both periodic and time-critical data to a pre-specified bound. The proposed bandwidth allocation scheme also fully utilizes the bandwidth resource of the network system.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.61-72
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• 1999

This paper presents an estimation method of container handling capacity and selection of resource allocation strategies of container terminals using the computer simulation models. Simulation models are developed to model container terminal consisting of 4 berths considering the berth allocation strategies, crane allocation strategies and the total number of container cranes using Arena simulation package. The proposed models do not consider the yard operations and gate operations. All the input parameters for the models are estimated on the basis of the existing container terminal operation data and the planning data for the automated container terminal planned by Korean government. Four berth allocation strategies and three crane allocation strategies are considered. The total number of container cranes considered ranges from 12 to 15. Non-terminating simulation techniques are utilized for the performance comparison among alternatives. The performance measures such as average ship turnaround time, average ship waiting time, average ship service time, the number of containers handled per year, and the number of ships processed per year are used. The result shows that the berth allocation strategy minimizing the sum of the number of ships waiting, the number of busy container cranes and number of ships handled performs better than any other berth allocation strategies. In addition, the crane allocation strategy allocating up to 5 container cranes per berth performs better than any other crane allocation strategies. Finally there are no significant performance differences among the alternatives consisting of different total number of container cranes allocated.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제6권11호
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• pp.943-954
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• 2000

Fieldbus is the lowest level industrial network in the communication hierarchy of factory automation and distributed process control systems. Data generated from field devices are largely divided into three categories : time-critical, periodic and time-available data. Because these data share one fieldbus medium, it needs a method that allocates these data to the bandwidth-limited fieldbus medium. This paper introduces an implementation method of bandwidth allocation scheme on PROFIBUS. In order to implement bandwidth allocation scheme on PROFIBUS, the following functions need to be supplemented on the FDL(Fieldbus Datalink Layer) protocol: (i) separation of medium bandwidth into periodic and non-periodic intervals, (ii) synchronization of node timers over a local link. In order to examine the validity of bandwidth allocation scheme on PROFIBUS, this paper develops an experimental model of a network system. The results obtained from the experimental model show that the bandwidth allocation scheme satisfies the performance requirement of time-critical, periodic and time-available data.