• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.366-371
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• 2012

Atomistic simulations have become useful tools for exploring new insights in materials science, but the length and time scale that can be handled with atomistic simulations are seriously limiting their practical applications. In order to make meaningful quantitative predictions, atomistic simulations are necessarily combined with higher-scale modeling. The present research is thus concerned with the development of a multi-scale model and its application to the prediction of the mechanical properties of body-centered cubic(BCC) iron with an emphasis on the coupling of atomistic molecular dynamics with meso-scale discrete dislocation dynamics modeling. In order to achieve predictive multi-scale simulations, it is necessary to properly incorporate atomistic details into the meso-scale approach. This challenge is handled with the proposed hierarchical information passing strategy from atomistic to meso-scale by obtaining material properties and dislocation mobility. Finally, this fundamental and physics-based meso-scale approach is employed for quantitative predictions of the mechanical response of single crystal iron.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.314-321
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• 1995

Background: Flow cytometric study has been used to measure the DNA content of solid tumors for the last decade. DNA ploidy is an important property commonly measured by flow cytometry. The possibility to study archival paraffin-embedded tumors has hastened an appreciation of prognostic utility of this method. The aim of this study is to look for biologic prognostic indicator for survival time of patients with small cell carcinoma of lung in addition to the well known clinical prognostic factors. Method: DNA ploidy was measured by flow cytometric method using tumor cells isolated from paraffin embedded tissue. To evaluate the prognostic significance, DNA ploidy of small cell lung cancer was analysed in 42 patients who died after receiving anticancer chemotherapy. Results: 1) Mean survival time of all patients was 190(${\pm}156$) days. Survival time was shortened, when TNM stage and PS scale were advanced. 2) 62% of all patients was DNA aneuploidy. DNA ploidy had nothing to do with advance of TNM stage and PS scale. 3) Mean survival time of aneuploid tumor was significantly shorter($138{\pm}90$ days) than that of diploid tumors($272{\pm}197$ days).(p<0.001) 4) To exclude the influence of clinical prognostic factors such as TNM stage and PS scale, the analysis was restricted to subgroups of identical stage. We were able to find the same tendency. Conclusion: DNA ploidy is an independent prognostic factor in small cell lung cancer.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.426-434
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• 2020

FMI is being researched as a standard for linking large-scale simulation of CPS. In order to guarantee the reliability of the results in large-scale simulations using FMI, event handling through time management techniques is required. This paper aims to guarantee real-time performance and accuracy in large-scale co-simulation environments such as CPS. Synchronize the wallclock time and simulation time to ensure real time. Also, to ensure the accuracy, before the simulation, the event is checked and the simulation is performed with the smallest step size while maintaining the real time until the event occurrence time. As a result, the events occurring in the co-simulation environment are processed immediately and sequentially, ensuring the real-time performance and minimizing the numerical integration error by maximizing the simulation resolution. In the experiment, the proposed method was processed immediately, and it was confirmed that the numerical integration error is reduced by about 1/5 unlike the existing time management method which does not guarantee the resolution.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.30 no.11 s.254
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• pp.1101-1106
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• 2006

To investigate a relation between fine scale eddies and particle dispersion in a near-wall turbulence, direct numerical simulations of turbulent channel flow laden particle are performed for $Re_{\tau}$=180. The motions of 0,8 million particles are calculated for several particle response times ($t_p$) which is the particle response time based on stokes’ friction law. The number density of particles has a tendency to increase with approaching the near-wall regions ($y^+$<20) except for cases of very small and large particle response times (i.e. $t_p$=0.02 and 15). Near the wall, the behavior and distribution of particles are deeply associated with the fine scale eddies, and are dependent on particle response times and a distance from the wall. The Stokes number that causes preferential distribution in turbulence is changed by a distance from the wall. The influential Stokes number based on the Burgers' vortex model is derived by using the time scale of the fine scale eddies. The influential Stokes number is also dependent on a distance from the wall and shows large value in the buffer layer.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

Objectives The purpose of this study is to report a pediatric patient with bilateral facial nerve palsy. Methods The patient was treated by acupuncture, moxa, herb(Cheongungkyeoji-tang, Palmulgunja-tang) for 1 month. We described his progression and measured the degree by House-Brackmann scale and Yanagihara's scale. Results He started getting better from 7th day of the onset. During admission, the facial palsy had improved from Grade V/V(Rt/Lt) to Grade II/II(Rt/Lt) by House-Brackmann scale and from 0/0(Rt/Lt)score to 36/36(Rt/Lt)score by Yanagihara's scale. Conclusions Compared with unilateral facial nerve palsy cases, this case was not different from the time when it got better, and how much it improved. However, biased degree had increased and then decreased because of the time gap between the right facial improvements and left facial one.

• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is a preliminary study to develop a comprehensive information avoidance scale that includes various search contexts. Research design, data and methodology: This study is a part of exploratory sequential design of mixed method for the development of information avoidance scale. Based on the themes derived from the analysis of the in-depth interview data collected in the qualitative research of the first stage of the study, 45 preliminary items on information search and avoidance were constructed. The factors related to information searching included information recognition, information seeking purpose, and information search expectations. Individual, information, time, and system factors were related to information avoidance. Pearson's correlation analysis was performed for the correlation between factor items, and Cronbach's alpha analysis was performed for the reliability analysis of the items. Exploratory factor analysis was applied to examine the construct validity of 35 items of information avoidance. Results: Among the information avoidance items, one of the less relevant among information purpose items, two information factor items, and one time factor item were excluded. Conclusions: A secondary survey should be conducted to confirm the validity and reliability of the scale composed of adjusted items (35) based on the results of exploratory factor analysis. The strength of this preliminary scale is that it was developed based on vivid qualitative data of ordinary people who had experiences of search and avoidance in various search contexts.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.335-341
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• 2004

This study was carried out to evaluate the microbiological quality of poultry carcasses at different slaughtering process in large (>50,000 chicken/day) and small (<30,000 chicken/day) scale slaughtering houses. Whole bird rinse technique was used to analyze the incidence of microorganisms on poultry carcasses in each process of before visceration, after evisceration, after final wash, after main chilling and in cold room. In summer time, small scale slaughterhouse showed lower incidence of aerobic microorganisms (10$\^$4/ CFU/mL) than those of large scale slaughterhouse (10$\^$5/ CFU/mL) at the process of after main chilling and in cold room. But small scale slaughterhouse showed higher incidence of E. coli (10$^2$-10$^4$ CFU/mL) than those of large scale slaughterhouse (10$\^$-2/ CFU/mL) at each slaughtering process observed. During autumn and winter time, small scale slaughterhouse showed similar incidence of aerobic microorganisms as large scale slaughterhouse (10$\^$5/ CFU/mL after evisceration, 10$^4$ CFU/mL after main chilling and cold storage). Samples from carcasses during autumn and winter time in cold room showed no difference in E. coli counts (10$^2$ in autumn time and 10$^3$ CFU/mL in winter time) between large and small scale slaughterhouse. In spring time, small scale slaughterhouse showed lower incidence of aerobic microorganisms than those of large scale slaughterhouse at each slaughtering process observed except after main chilling. Small scale slaughterhouse showed higher incidence of aerobic microorganisms in final cooling water than large scale slaughterhouse during spring time.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• autumn
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• pp.45-48
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• 1999

인터넷에서 전송 지연에 의해 발생한 패킷 손실은 인터넷이라는 공유망을 사용함으로써 불가피하게 발생하게 된다. 이러한 패킷 손실은 음성과 같이 실시간 처리가 필요한 미디어를 전송할 경우 매우 심각한 문제를 야기시킨다. 본 논문에서는 인터넷을 통한 음성통신에서 전송 지연으로 인해 발생한 패킷 손실을 time scale modification(TSM)기번을 이동하여 복원하는 방법들을 검토하였다. 청취평가 결과, 송수신단 양쪽에서 TSM을 적용할 경우 기존의 가장 우수한 접근방식인 재생성(regeneration) 방식과 거의 대등한 음질을 얻을 수 있다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.451-460
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• 1983

Computational four-equation turbulence model is developed and is applied to predict twodimensional unsteady thermal surface discharge into a reservoir. Turbulent stresses and heat fluxes in the momentum and energy equations are determined from transport equations for the turbulent kinetic energy (R), isotropic rate of kinetic energy dissipation (.epsilon.), mean square temperature variance (theta. over bar $^{2}$), and rate of destruction of the temperature variance (.epsilon. $_{\theta}$). Computational results by four-equation model are favorably compared with those obtained by an extended two-equation model. Added advantage of the four-equation model is that it yields quantitative information about the ratio between the velocity time scale and the thermal time scale and more detailed information about turbulent structure. Predicted time scale ratio is within experimental observations by others. Although the mean velocity and temperature fields are similarly predicted by both models, it is found that the four-equation model is preferably candidate for prediction of highly buoyant turbulent flows.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.103-109
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• 2016

The performance of a multi-head, computerized combination scaling system to automatically identify a group of agricultural products having a total weight within the target range has been optimized to reduce the package cycle time of the merchandise. First, the structure of the scale was modified to enable faster measurement by enhancing the dynamic stability during the process. Second, the high frequency noise in the measured signal was eliminated by a high frequency filter to provide more accurate weight data. Finally, the algorithm to identify a group of products with a total weight within the target range was modified to enable a user to select an optimal number of scales. According to the experimental verifications, this modified system reduced the package cycle time significantly and also was accurate in measuring the total weight of the selected products.