• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.223-228
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• 2002

This study is a preference reversal about a policeman image and evaluation by roadside higher stories meeting dwelling pot to the center, and it is an examination, the thing that it analyzed by proposals. Preference anger Was high, and as for the results, the pot which I gave, and bronze was mixed, and formed the skyline with a change appeared with a height and a form of reveal a cross section in meeting dwelling pot star preference evaluation results cluster older brother contrariety. Also, it was arranged the parallel that older brother was parallel in the printing which was monotonous if I wore 1, and the pot that time a little shielding anger was high was evaluated because preference anger was low. Therefore, consideration about a the number of layers interval change must be in order a higher stories meeting dwelling pot reduces that I go for a closing of crossways in the future, and to be able to feel variety with a form enemy.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.43-58
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• 2019

Since 2009, electricity consumption has developed a unique seasonal pattern in South Korea. Winter loads have sharply increased, and they eventually exceeded summer peaks. This trend reversal distinguishes these load patterns from those in the USA and the EU, where annual peaks are observed during the summer months. Using Levene's test, we show statistical evidence of a rise in temperature but a decrease in variance over time regardless of the season. Despite the overall increase in the temperature, regardless of the season there should be another cause of the increased demand for electricity in winter. With the present study using data from 1991 to 2012, we provide empirical evidence that relatively low electricity prices regulated by the government have contributed significantly to the rapid upward change in electricity consumption, specifically during the winter months in the commercial sector in Korea.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.614-618
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• 2001

Low-threshold T-type $Ca^{2+}$ channels are distinctive voltage-operated gates for external $Ca^{2+}$ entry around a resting membrane potential due to their low voltage activation. These phenomena have already been extensively studied due to their relevance in diverse physiological functions. Recently, three T-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel ${\alpha}$$_1$subunits were cloned and their biophysical properties were characterized after expression in mammalian expression systems. In this study, ${\alpha_IG} and {\alpha_IH}$ low-threshold $Ca^{2+}$ channels were expressed and characterized in Xenopus oocytes after adding 5' and 3'untranslated portions of a Xenopus ${\beta}$ globin to improve their expression levels. The added portions dramatically enhanced the expression levels of the ${\alpha_IG} and {\alpha_IH}$ T-type channels. When currents were recorded in 10 mM $Ba^{2+}$ as the charge carrier, the activation thresholds were about -60 mV, peak currents appeared at -20 mV, and the reversal potentials were between +40 and +45. The activation time constants were very similar to each other, while the inactivation time constants of the ${\alpha_IG}$ currents were smaller than those of ${\alpha_IH}$. Taken together, the electrophysiological properties of the ${\alpha_IG} and {\alpha_IH}$ channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes were similar to the previously reported characteristics of low-threshold $Ca^{2+}$ channel currents.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.315-326
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• 2010

This study examined the overlapping resonances in the systems involving 1 open and 2 closed channels using the phase-shifted version of multichannel quantum-defect theory (MQDT). The results showed that 21 patterns for the q reversals in the autoionization spectra are possible depending on the relative arrangements of the two simple poles and roots of the quadratic equations. Complete cases could be generated easily using the q zero planes determined using only 3 asymmetric spectral line profile indices. The transition of the spectra of the coarse interloper Rydberg series from the lines into a structured continuum by being dispersed onto the entire Rydberg series was found. The overall behavior of the time delays was found to be governed by the dense Rydberg series, which is quite different from the one of the autoionization cross sections that is governed by an interloper, indicating that different dynamics prevail for them. This is in contrast to the two channel system where both quantities behave similarly. The dynamics obtained in the presence of overlapping resonances is as follows. The absorption process is instant and dominated by a transition to the interloper line. This process is followed by rapid leakage into the dense Rydberg series, which has a longer residence time before ionization than that of the interloper state. This is because the orbiting period is proportional to $\upsilon^3$ so that an excited electron has a shorter lifetime in the interloper state belonging to a lower member of the Rydberg series.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.47-58
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• 2009

We have investigated the transient behavior of 1D fully developed Poiseuille viscoelastic flow under finite pressure gradient described by the Oldroyd-B and Leonov constitutive equations. For analysis we employ a simple $2^{nd}$ order discretization scheme such as central difference for space and the Crank-Nicolson for time approximation. For the analysis of the Oldroyd-B model, we also apply the analytical solution, which is obtained again in this work in terms of elementary solution procedure simpler than the previous one (Waters and King, 1970). Both models demonstrate qualitatively similar solutions, but their eventual steady flowrate exhibits noticeable difference due to the absence or presence of shear thinning behavior. In the inertialess flow, the flowrate instantaneously attains a large value corresponding to the Newtonian creeping flow and then decreases to its steady value when the applied pressure gradient is low. However with finite liquid density the flow field shows severe fluctuation even accompanying reversals of flow directions. As the assigned pressure gradient increases, the flowrate achieves its steady value significantly higher than its value during oscillations after quite long period of time. We have also illustrated comparison between 1D and 2D results and possible mechanism of complex 2D flow rearrangement employing a previous solution of [mite element computation. In addition, we discuss some mathematical points regarding missing boundary conditions in 2D modeling due to the change of the type of differential equations when varying from inertialess to inertial flow.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.846-857
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• 1995

An experimental study is made of turbulent shear flows in a nearly two-dimensional 90.deg. curved duct by using the hot-wire anemometer. The Reynolds normal and shear stresses, triple velocity products, integral length scales, Taylor micro length scales and dissipation length scales are measured and analyzed. For a positive shear at the inlet, the afore-mentioned turbulence quantities are all suppressed. However, when the inlet shear flow is negative, they are augmented, i.e., the convex curvature suppresses the turbulence whereas the concave curvature augments it. It is found that the curvature effects are rather sensitive to the triple velocity products than the Reynolds stresses. The evolution of turbulence under the curvature with the different shear conditions is well described by the modified curvature parameter S' and the non-dimensional development time ${\tau}$.'

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.333-341
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• 1986

Several aspects including physical development, reflex acquistion, neuromotor development and learning behavior at Y water maze were compared at the progeny of rats fed low 91.2mg/kg diet) or adequate leves(22mg/kg diet 0 of pyridoxine during growth, gestation, lactation, and adult period. Physical development and development of reflexes (righting reflex, cliff avoidance, negative geotaxis, palmar grasp, and startle reflex to sound) appeared different between control and deficient groups but not significantly. At the 2nd week, rats spent more time in supported standing during 6 minute period was longer in the control then the deficient groups. In the Y-water maze position reversal test, learning ability as judged by the number of errors was not different among three groups, but the rats in supplemented group(DC) reached the escape platform in significantly shorter time than the other two groups, which may suggest their emotional instability. In the visual discrimination test, the performance of rats from the supplemented group had the lower errors than the other groups on the early test days. but as the testing period progressed, the performance of rats in the supplemented group became inferior to those of the control and deficient groups. The performance of control group became superior to that of the deficient group.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.365-370
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• 2011

This paper presents the air-to-air missile autopilot design for a $180^{\circ}$ heading reversal maneuver during boost-phase. The missile's dynamics are linearized at a set of operating points for which angle of attack controllers are designed to cover an extended flight envelope. Then, angle of attack controllers are designed for this set of points, utilizing a pole-placement approach. The controllers' gains in the proposed configuration are computed from aerodynamic coefficients and design parameters in order to satisfy designer-chosen criteria. These design parameters are the closed-loop frequency, damping ratio, and time constant; these represent the characteristics of the control system. To cope with highly nonlinear and rapidly time varying dynamics during boost-phase, the global gain-scheduled controller is obtained by interpolating the controllers' gains over variations of the angle of attack, Mach number, and center of gravity. Simulation results show that the proposed autopilot design provides satisfactory performance and possesses good [ed: or "sufficient" or "excellent"] capabilities.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.37-43
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• 2009

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of core stability training at deep abdominal muscle for balance control of hemiplegic patient. Method : The subject of this study was a 47-year-old man with right hemiplegia. He was treated five times a week for three weeks with core stability training at deep abdominal muscles. Evaluation tool was used Functional reach test(FRT), timed up and go test(TUG) and one leg standing for stroke patients. Result : The FRT distance increase, TUG time decrease, one leg standing time increase core stability training at deep abdominal muscles for right hemiplegia improved was the ability for maintain balance. Posture and control of trunk stability are changing posture, and so which showed significant improve of total balance control. Conclusion : The result of this study showed that core stability training at deep abdominal muscles is an effective treatment for balance control. Therefore, it could be considered as a treatment method in the rehabilitation of stroke patient with poor postural control and imbalance, although further studies are needed.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.228-235
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• 2016

Flaws at dissimilar metal welds (DMWs), such as reactor coolant systems components, Control Rod Drive Mechanism (CRDM), Bottom Mounted Instrumentation (BMI) etc., in nuclear power plants have been found. Notably, primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC) in the DMWs could cause significant reliability problems at nuclear power plants. Therefore, phased array ultrasound is widely used for inspecting surface break cracks and stress corrosion cracks in DMWs. However, inspection of DMWs using phased array ultrasound has a relatively low probability of detection of cracks, because the crystalline structure of welds causes distortion and splitting of the ultrasonic beams which propagates anisotropic medium. Therefore, advanced evaluation techniques of phased array ultrasound are needed for improvement in the probability of detection of flaws in DMWs. Thus, in this study, an investigation of focusing and steering phased array ultrasound in DMWs was carried out using a time reversal technique, and an adaptive focusing technique based on finite element method (FEM) simulation. Also, evaluation of focusing performance of three different focusing techniques was performed by comparing amplitude of phased array ultrasonic signals scattered from the targeted flaw with three different time delays.