• 제목/요약/키워드: time of extraction

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초피 Oleoresin 제조시 용매에 따른 추출물특성과 추출조건에 따른 휘발성 성분 변화 (Properties of Chopi Oleoresin Extracted with Various Solvents and Effects of Extraction Conditions on Volatile Components)

  • 최용희;허상선;배동호;김상욱
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제27권3호
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    • pp.406-412
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    • 1998
  • Such extraction conditions as the kinds of solvent, extracting temperature, extracting time, ratio of material to solvent and particle size of material, were studied to maximize the extraction of oleoresin from chipi. Larger amount of soluble solids were extracted from seeds with nonpolar solvents (hexane, pentane, ether) for extraction, because the seeds contained large amount of crude fats and monoterpene(limonene) volatile compounds. Larger amount of soluble solids were extracted from peel with polar solvents(methanol, ethanol) of extraction because of large amount of water soluble colors, sugars and oxygenated terpene bolatile compounds in the peel. The application of the solvents in intermediate polarity (dichloromethane, acetone) resulted in more effective extraction of soluble solid and volatile compounds. Expecially, dichloromethane was an excellent solvent in extraction of volatile compounds. In the concern of volatile compound recovery yield, the optimum extraction conditions, such as temperature, time, mixing ratio of material to dichloromethane and mean particle size, were $25^{\circ}C$, 10min, 1:10(w/v), 355~250${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ for chopi peels and 3$0^{\circ}C$, 10min, 1:8(w/v), 355~250${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ for chopi seeds, respectively.

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The Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Fats from Irradiated Meat Products for the Detection of Radiation-Induced Hydrocarbons

  • Kwon, Joong-Ho;Kausar, Tusneem;Lee, Jeong-Eun;Kim, Hyun-Ku;Ahn, Dong-U
    • Food Science and Biotechnology
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.150-153
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    • 2007
  • Hydrocarbons have been successfully used as a chemical marker in order to identify irradiated from non-irradiated foods. The method for determining hydrocarbons consists of extraction of fats, followed by separation of hydrocarbons by florisil column chromatography, and then identification of hydrocarbons by GC/MS. Currently, solvent extraction method for fats has certain limitations with regard to extraction time and solvent consumption. Commercial hams and sausage were irradiated at 0 and 5 kGy, and the efficiency of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and conventional solvent extraction (CSE) methods on the extraction of radiation-induced hydrocarbons from the meat products was compared. Significant levels of hydrocarbons, mainly composed of 1,7-hexadecadien, 1,7,10-hexadecatriene, and 6,9-heptadecadiene, were detected in the extracts from irradiated hams and sausages by both CSE and MAE methods. Both methods were acceptable in extracting hydrocarbons from samples, but MAE method required apparently reduced amounts of solvent from 150 (CSE) to 50 mL and reduced extraction time from 23 (CSE) to 5 min.

마이크로웨이브 추출조건에 따른 섬쑥부쟁이 추출물의 총 폴리페놀 함량 및 전자공여 작용 변화 (Changes of Total Polyphenol Content and Electron Donating Ability of Aster glehni Extracts with Different Microwave-assisted Extraction Conditions)

  • 김현구;권영주;김공환;정윤화
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제32권5호
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    • pp.1022-1028
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    • 2000
  • 마이크로웨이브 추출방법과 환류냉각 추출방법을 비교한 결과, 물과 메탄올 및 에탄올 혼합용매로 추출한 경우 마이크로웨이브 추출 방법에 의하여 추출시간을 단축시키면서 환류냉각 추출방법에서와 같은 수준의 추출율과 총 폴리페놀 함량을 갖는 섬쑥부쟁이 추출물을 얻을 수 있었다. 마이크로웨이브 추출시 최적 마이크로웨이브 에너지는 $120{\sim}150$ W였고 추출시간의 경우 $4{\sim}8$분이 적당하였다. 추출에 사용한 용매들 가운데 에탄올, 메탄올보다 물 그리고 물과 에탄올 또는 메탄올 혼합용매를 사용한 추출물의 추출율, 총 폴리페놀 함량 및 전자공여 효과가 높은 것으로 나타났다.

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영국 고원지대(Moorland)의 이탄 토양에서 애지렁이 추출을 위한 수분깔때기의 최적조건 (Optimal Conditions for the Wet Funnel Extraction of Enchytraeidae from Peat Soils of Moorlands in England)

  • 권태성
    • 한국토양동물학회지
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    • 제5권2호
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    • pp.63-70
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    • 2000
  • 영국의 고원지대 (Moorland)의 이탄토양 (blanket bog peat soil에 서식하는 애지렁이 정량조사를 위한 수분갈때기추출법의 효율에 미치는 수온, 물의 량, 추출시간의 복합적인 효과를 조사하였다. 이탄 토양에서 애지렁이 추출을 위한 최적조건은 물의 양과 초기 수온에 관계없이 표면수의 최종 온도는 35$^{\circ}C$이고, 추출시간은 6시간이었다. O'Connor의 방법 (최종 온도 40-45$^{\circ}C$,열의 점진적인 증가, 3시간 추출)은 비교적 늪은 온도와 짧은 추출시간으로 인해, 추출효율에 변이가 심하였다. 열을 가하지 않고 장시간 추출하는 방식은 열을 가하는 방식에 비해 추출효율이 현저히 낮았다.

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반응표면분석법을 이용한 인진쑥 열수추출물의 항산화적 특성 (Antioxidant Characteristics of Artemisis capillaris Hot-water Extract Using Response Surface Methodology)

  • 김성호
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제24권4호
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    • pp.419-427
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    • 2014
  • 인진쑥(Artemisia capillaris Thunbl)의 항산화적 특성을 조사하기 위하여 반응표면분석법에 의하여 열수추출특성을 모니터링하여 최적 추출조건을 설정하였다. 총 페놀성화합물 함량에 대한 최적조건은 $94.50^{\circ}C$, 2.06 hr 및 시료에 대한 용매비 25.03 ml/g, 전자공여능에 대한 최적조건은 $91.82^{\circ}C$, 2.90 hr 및 20.88 ml/g으로 나타났고, 아질산염 소거능(pH 1.2)에 대한 최적조건은 $97.36^{\circ}C$, 2.75 hr 및 15.19 ml/g등으로 각각 나타났다. 각 변수에 대한 회귀식을 도출하여 인진쑥의 총 페놀성화합물 함량, 전자공여능 및 아질산염 소거능(pH 1.2)에 대한 최적 추출조건을 superimposing 한 결과, 추출온도 $90{\sim}95^{\circ}C$, 추출시간 2.5~3.5 hr 및 시료에 대한 용매비 17~24 ml/g의 범위로 각각 예측되었다.

반응 표면 분석에 의한 캐모마일(Anthemis nobilis) 첨가 홍차의 최적 추출조건 (Optimization of Extraction Condition for Black Tea with Chamomile (Anthemis nobilis) by Response Surface Methodology)

  • 임오준;변광인;이병구
    • 한국식품조리과학회지
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    • 제23권6호
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    • pp.954-960
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    • 2007
  • The study was designed to determine optimum extraction conditions, by the factorial design of 3 variables and 3 levels using an a RSM program. To determine the optimal conditions for the extraction of black tea with chamomile, the experimental design was applied. The independent factors were the extraction temperature ($60^{\circ}C$, $80^{\circ}C$, $100^{\circ}C$), extraction time (2 min, 4 min, 6 min), and chamomile addition (0.3%, 1.0%, 1.7%). By the RSM (response surface methodology) analysis of the black tea with chamomile extraction, we found that the extraction temperature greatly affected the extraction yield, brix, pH, and reducing sugar, caffeine, theobromine and theophillin contents. The optimum extraction time, temperature, and chamomile content were 4 min, $90^{\circ}C$, and $1.6{\sim}1.7%$, respectively.

Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction for Antiradical Activities of Peel and Seed Extracts of Campbell Early Grapes

  • Ghafoor, Kashif;Choi, Yong Hee
    • 산업식품공학
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    • 제13권1호
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    • pp.32-37
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    • 2009
  • Central composite design was applied for the ultrasound-assisted extraction from peel and seed of Campbell Early grapes and the extraction processes were optimized for the antiradical activities of the extracts by using response surface methodology. Optimal conditions were 53.45% of ethanol concentration, 45.99${^{\circ}C}$ of extraction temperature and 23.93 min of extraction time for the maximum antiradical activity of grape peel extract (54.98%) and 53.14% of ethanol 56.03${^{\circ}C}$ of temperature and 29.03 min of time for maximum antiradical activity of grape seed extract (90.60%).

반응표면분석법에 의한 늙은 호박 추출조건의 모니터링 (Monitoring on Extraction Conditions of Old Pumpkin Using Response Surface Methodology)

  • 정용진
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제30권3호
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    • pp.466-470
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    • 2001
  • Response surface methodology was used for monitoring extraction conditions, based on quality properties of old pumpkin extracts. Hunter's color L value of extracts was maximized at 101℃, 2.6 hr and decreased gradually after maximum point. The polynomial equation for Hunter's color L value showed 10% of significance level and 0.8799 of R². Hunter's color a value was minimized at 117℃, 3.9 hr and R² of polynomial equation was 0.9852 within 1% significance level. Hunter's color b value and ΔE value increased as the extracting temperature and time increased. Extraction yield of old pumpkin was maximized at 110℃, 4 hr and increased in proportional to the extracting temperature and time, but decreased after 113℃ and 2 hr. Viscosity of pumpkin extracts were maximized at 120℃, nearly 3 hr. R² of polynomial equations for yield, viscosity and sugar content were 0.9532, 0.9812 and 0.8869, respectively. Optimum ranges of extraction conditions for quality properties of old pumpkin were 102∼109℃, 2.5∼3.5 hr, respectively. Predicted values at the optimum extraction condition agreed with experimental values.

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Effects of Ethanol Addition on the Efficiency of Subcritical Water Extraction of Proteins and Amino Acids from Porcine Placenta

  • Park, Sung Hee;Kim, Jae-Hyeong;Min, Sang-Gi;Jo, Yeon-Ji;Chun, Ji-Yeon
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제35권2호
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    • pp.265-271
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    • 2015
  • In a previous study, hydrolysates of porcine placenta were obtained and the extraction efficiency for proteins and amino acids was compared between sub- and super-critical water extraction systems; optimum efficiency was found to be achieved using subcritical water ($170^{\circ}C$, 10 bar). In this study, the effects of adding ethanol to the subcritical water system were investigated. The lowest-molecular-weight extraction product detected weighed 434 Da, and the efficiency of extraction for low-molecular-weight products was increased when either the concentration of ethanol was decreased, or the extraction time was lengthened from 10 min to 30 min. The highest concentration of free amino acids (approximately 8 mM) was observed following 30 min extraction using pure distilled water. The concentration of free amino acids was significantly lower when ethanol was added or a shorter extraction time was used (p<0.05). Color change of the solution following extraction was measured. There were no significant differences in color between lysates produced with different extraction times when using distilled water (p>0.05); however, using different extraction times produced significant differences in color when using 20% or 50% ethanol solution for subcritical extraction (p<0.05). The range of pH for the hydrolysate solutions was 6.4-7.5. In conclusion, the investigated extraction system was successful in the extraction of $\leq$ 500 Da hydrolysates from porcine placenta, but addition of ethanol did not yield higher production of low-molecular-weight hydrolysates than that achieved by DW alone.

Optimization of Antibacterial Activity by Gold-Thread (Coptidis Rhizoma Franch) Against Streptococcus mutans Using Evolutionary Operation-Factorial Design Technique

  • Choi, Ung-Kyu;Kim, Mi-Hyang;Lee, Nan-Hee
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제17권11호
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    • pp.1880-1884
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    • 2007
  • This study was conducted to find the optimum extraction condition of Gold-Thread for antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans using The evolutionary operation-factorial design technique. Higher antibacterial activity was achieved in a higher extraction temperature ($R^2=-0.79$) and in a longer extraction time ($R^2=-0.71$). Antibacterial activity was not affected by differentiation of the ethanol concentration in the extraction solvent ($R^2=-0.12$). The maximum antibacterial activity of clove against S. mutans determined by the EVOP-factorial technique was obtained at $80^{\circ}C$ extraction temperature, 26 h extraction time, and 50% ethanol concentration. The population of S. mutans decreased from 6.110 logCFU/ml in the initial set to 4.125 logCFU/ml in the third set.