• Journal of International Society for Simulation Surgery
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.7-9
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• 2015

Purpose In the many face-related application such as head pose estimation, 3D face modeling, facial appearance manipulation, the robust and fast facial feature extraction is necessary. We present the facial feature extraction method based on shape regression and feature selection for real-time facial feature extraction. Materials and Methods The facial features are initialized by statistical shape model and then the shape of facial features are deformed iteratively according to the texture pattern which is selected on the feature pool. Results We obtain fast and robust facial feature extraction result with error less than 4% and processing time less than 12 ms. The alignment error is measured by average of ratio of pixel difference to inter-ocular distance. Conclusion The accuracy and processing time of the method is enough to apply facial feature based application and can be used on the face beautification or 3D face modeling.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.409-416
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• 1999

Microwave extraction system equipped with closed vessels was applied to confirm its capability of extracting ginseng solubles including saponin, which was monitored to optimize extraction con ditions by response surface methodology. Total yield increased with the decrease in particles size and more extraction steps. Soluble components were completely extracted by operating the system within 6 min per one step, which should be repeated by 3 or 4 times. Optimized conditions for maxi mum extraction of response variables(total yield, crude saponin) were 40~50% of ethanol concentration, about 140oC of extraction temperature, and within 6 min of the extraction time. The extraction effi ciency of total yield was dependent on the decrease of ethanol concentration, while crude saponin content was favored on the higher degree of ethanol concentration. According to the temperature guideline, below 90oC of extraction temperature, the optimal ranges of extraction conditions were predicted as 30~50% of ethanol concentration and 2.5~6.5 min of extraction time. Estimated values of total yield and crude saponin were in good agreement with experimental values.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.157-163
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• 2001

Optimal conditions for hot water extraction of Liriope spicata tuber were investigated with changes in solvent ratio(2∼6 fold) and heating time(1∼5 hr) by response surface methodology. The content of extractable solids increased with an increased in solvent ratio, and the highest content showed at heating time of 3 hr. The content of total steroid saponin increased with a decrease in solvent ratio, and increased with an increase in heating time at increasing the solvent ratio. The content of non-reducing sugar containing oligosaccharides at a lower solvent ratio didn’t show changes depending on heating time, while that at a higher ration decreased with an increase in heating time. Optimal extraction conditions using hot water as the limited conditions of 15∼18% extractable solids, 1.5∼2.0% total steroid saponin, 6∼8% reducing sugar, 6∼7% non-reducing sugar and 13∼15 brix were 3 hrs of heating time and 4 fold of solvent ratio.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.711-718
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• 2013

본 연구는 추출온도, 추출시간, 음용온도의 3가지 평가인자를 통해 5가지 커피 맛(신맛, 단맛, 구수한맛, 짠맛, 쓴맛)의 변화를 알아보았다. 본 실험에서는 1) 추출온도, 추출시간, 음용온도 각각의 평가 인자에 따른 커피 맛의 변화 2) 추출온도 그룹을 통제 후 추출시간, 음용온도에 따른 커피 맛의 변화 3) 3가지 평가인자에 따른 커피 맛의 선호도를 알아보았다. 평가인자와 관련하여 신맛에서 유의한 차이를 보였는데, 추출온도는 높고 추출시간은 길 때 신맛을 강하게 느끼는 반면 음용온도는 낮을 때 강하게 나타났다. 추출온도 그룹을 통제한 결과에서는 신맛과 구수한 맛에서 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다. 신맛은 음용온도가 낮을 때, 구수한 맛은 음용온도가 높을 때 강하게 느껴지는 것으로 나타났다. 추출온도($90^{\circ}C$), 추출시간(0분), 음용온도($60^{\circ}C$)에서 구수한맛이 많이 느껴질 때 높은 선호도를 보였다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.129-133
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• 2009

Salicornia herbacea is rich in natural minerals, dietary fibers, and potentially health-promoting phenolic compounds. In this paper, an experimental design was applied for the optimization of the ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from lyophilized Salicornia herbacea powder. The experiments were conducted in accordance with a five-level, three-variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD), and the effects of solvent concentration, extraction time, and extraction temperature were evaluated via response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: ethanol concentration, 76.80%; extraction time, 20 min; and extraction temperature, $33.21^{\circ}C$; and the solvent concentration was the most significant parameter in this process, under which the predicted total phenolic content was 49.91 mg GAE/g sample.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.790-795
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• 2000

To establish the optimum conditions for the extraction of anthocyanin pigment from purple-fleshed sweet potato, a suitable extraction solvent with the optimum citric acid concentration for acidification of the solvent, and the optimum extraction time and temperature were determined. Twenty percent ethanol solution acidified with citric acid was found to be a good solvent for the extraction of the pigment from purple-fleshed sweet potato. About 10 hour extraction at room temperature was appropriate for the extraction. pH of the extract was below 3 when more than 0.7% citric acid was added. The higher the concentration of citric acid added was, the higher the total optical density (TOD) of the extract was. However, the increase in TOD of the extract was insignificant when more than 1% of citric acid was added. Therefore, addition of 1% citric acid was determined for acidification of the extracting solvent. Though the initial rate of the pigment extraction increased as the extracting temperature increased, extraction at higher temperatures of 60 or 8$0^{\circ}C$ for an extended time caused a decrease in the extraction yield due to degradation of the pigment. The optimum extraction temperature for the anthocyanin pigment from purple-fleshed sweet potato with the solvent used was determined as 4$0^{\circ}C$.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.390-395
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• 2012

산수유의 추출조건별 추출물의 최적 추출조건을 설정하기 위해 중심합성법에 따라 마이크로웨이브에너지(30, 60, 90, 120 및 150 watt), 에탄올 농도(0, 25, 50, 75 및 100%), 추출시간별(1, 3, 5, 7 및 9분)로 추출조건에 따라 생리활성을 측정하였다. 이때 반응표면의 회귀식 $R^2$값이 전자공여작용, tyrosinase 저해효과, SOD 유사활성, 총 폴리페놀 함량에서 각각 0.8937, 0.9254, 0.9552와 0.9708로 분석되었다. 4차원 반응표면분석에 의해 superimposing 하여 최적 추출조건을 얻은 범위는 산수유의 경우 마이크로웨이브 에너지 78~98 watt, 에탄올 농도 3~33%, 추출시간 3.6~9분으로 예측되었다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.463-468
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• 2004

수리조선소에서 발생하는 TBT 함유 선박세척폐수의 용매추출 처리기술을 개발하기 위한 기초연구로서 인공 선박세척폐수를 이용하여 선박용 및 자동차용 디젤, 벙커 B유, 신너, 톨루엔, 에테르 등의 여러 가지 용매들의 TBT 추출효율을 비교하였으며, 추출효율에 대한 추출용매의 양 및 교반시간, 강도, pH 등의 추출조건의 영향을 평가하였다. 선박용 경유는 신나, 병커B 등에 비해 상대적으로 우수한 TBT 추출효율을 보였으며, 적정 추출용매 주입량은 폐수 IL 당 용매 10mL로 평가되었다 TBT 추출을 위한 교반강도가 50rpm에서 250rpm으로 증가함에 따라 잔류 TBT 농도는 약 120ppb에서 2.8ppb로 크게 감소하였다 잔류 TBT는 추출 1시간이후 크게 감소하였으며, 5시간 이후부터는 다시 증가하였다. 추출효율에 대한 Ph의 영향은 크지 않았으나, pH 6∼7의 약산성영역에서 양호한 추출효율을 보였다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.542-547
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• 2017

초음파 추출법(Ultrasonic-assisted extraction, UAE)은 기존의 추출법 대비 높은 추출 효율과 짧은 추출시간으로 식물 세포벽으로부터 생리활성물질 추출 또는 분리에 효과적인 방법으로 인식되어 관심이 증대되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 탈지미세조류(Tetraselmis KCTC 12236BP)에서 폴리페놀 추출을 위해 UAE를 적용하여 총 폴리페놀(TPC) 생산에 미치는 주요 추출변수의 영향을 평가하였다. 추출변수의 최적화를 위해 입자크기, 고액비(L/S ratio), 에탄올 농도, 추출 온도 및 추출 시간을 요인으로 하여 순차적인 최적화를 진행하였다. 실험에 적용 된 모든 변수는 TPC 추출에 유의한 효과를 보였으며 추출 온도가 TPC생산에 가장 큰 영향을 미침을 확인 할 수 있었다. 최적 추출조건은 혼합 입자 사용 시, 10% 고액비, 60% 에탄올, 추출온도 $100^{\circ}C$와 추출시간 30 분을 적용한 추출에서 8.7 mg GAE/g DW를 얻을 수 있었다. 동일한 추출조건에서 열수추출과 UAE를 비교하였을 때 UAE에서 TPC 추출이 1.8배 증가함을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 저온 및 짧은 추출시간을 적용한UAE가 기존의 열수추출 공정에 비해 LEA를 이용한 생리활성물질 생산에 보다 효과적임을 확인하였다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was performed to compare the differences between decoctions extracted by different extraction conditions. Methods : Two different decoctions were prepared with pressured or non-pressured extraction conditions for 60, 120 and 180min. The yields of extracts, sugar contents, hydrogen ion concentrations(pH), the contents of reference compounds and individual preferences on Ssanghwa-tang(Shuanghe-tang) were investigated. Results : As extraction time increased, individual preferences for decoctions by pressured extraction tended to increase more than those by non-pressured extraction, and the yields and sugar contents of both decoctions showed the tendency of increase. The pH values of decoctions in pressured conditions were lower than those in non-pressured conditions in all extraction times and both extraction conditions showed decreasing pH values according to increase of extraction times. Of the reference compounds, paeoniflorin showed higher contents in non-pressured conditions than in pressured conditions and the contents of cinnamaldehyde were always lower in non-pressured conditions than in pressured conditions at all time. Conclusions : The decoctions of Ssanghwa-tang(Shuanghe-tang) extracted by pressured or non-pressured extraction for 60, 120, 180min exhibited different individual preferences, yields of extracts, sugar contents, pH, reference compounds contents.