• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 1990

The pot experiment was conducted to compare the effects of BIO-COM (Organic fertilizer made from industrial by-product) with the compost and humic acid on the physico-chemical properties of soils and the yield of paddy rice (CV. Chucheong-byeo). The results obtained were as follows: 1. All the fertilizer treatments, except humic acid, increased rice yield compare to no fertilizer treatment, and Bio-Com was the highest among the fertilizer treatments. 2. Rice yields were increased with increasing BIO-COM only up to 4% but 2% with N.P.K. fertilizers. 3. Rice yield showed highly positive correlation with number of panicle per hill but negative correlation with 1000 grain weight. 4. BIO-COM application induced the noticeable increase of pH, EC, OM, T-N, Av-P, Ex-Ca, Ex-Mg, Ex-Na, and $Av-SiO_2$, contents in the soils after experiments, and there were highly significant positive correlation among them. 5. BIO-COM application was positively affected on plant height, number of tiller, and fresh weight and dry weight of rice plant throughout entire growing stages and these are positively correlated with rice yield. 6. BIO-COM application also induced the increase of chlorophyll, N, P, Ca, and Mg contents in rice plant 7. It is revealed that there were highly positive correlations between rice yields and pH, EC, OM, T-N, Ex-Ca, and Ex-Mg in the soils. 8. It was also shown the highly significant positive correlations between rice yields, and N and P contents in the rice plant at heading stages, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.252-259
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: Salt accumulation in coastal reclaimed soil can decrease plant growth and productivity, which could lead to considerable variation of methane($CH_4$) emission in a rice paddy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of salt concentration on $CH_4$ emission in a coastal reclaimed soil. METHODS AND RESULTS: The effect of salt concentration on $CH_4$ emission and rice growth characteristics was studied by pot test, which packed by reclaimed paddy soils collected from Galsa, Hadong, Gyeongnam province. Electrical conductivity(EC) of each treatment was controlled by 0.98, 2.25, 5.05 and 9.48 dS/m and $CH_4$ emission was characterized a week interval by closed chamber method during rice cultivation. The $CH_4$ emission rate was significantly decreased with increase of salt accumulation, but total $CH_4$ flux in EC 5.50 dS/m treatment was lower than those of EC 9.48 dS/m treatment. It seems because of higher content of water soluble $SO{_4}^{2-}$ in EC 5.50 dS/m treatment than those of EC 9.48 dS/m treatment. Rice growth and grain yield were significantly decreased with increase of salt accumulation. Soil properties, especially EC and pH were negatively correlated with $CH_4$ flux, while rice growth characteristics like plant height and tiller number show significantly positive correlation with $CH_4$ flux. CONCLUSION(S): Conclusively, salt accumulation significantly decreased $CH_4$ flux in a rice paddy, which could be useful information for evaluating $CH_4$ flux in reclaimed area in Korea.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.136-141
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate upland crop at reclaimed sand land 'Saemangeum' for early desalination purpose and to investigate the growth and yield of whole crop barley, which was acceded after summer crop of corn and rice. Seedling establishment of whole crop barley were 216 seedlings/$m^2$(25%) for non-flooding, 43% for 1 month and 58% for 2, 3 month flooding. And it was 60% in rice cultivation. Soil salt concentration was 0.5% in non-flooding treatment, however flooding treatments decreased to 0.2% or less. In general soil salt concentration increased until the middle stage of growing, then became to similar level as the seeding time. Plant height, stem length and number of tiller were increased with flooding treatment. Whole crop barley yield was significantly reduced in non-flooding treatment but rapidly increased by flooding treatment. Yielding at 3 months increased by 504% compared to non-flooding, and rice cultivation was also increased by 536%. Protein and fiber content was low in 1 month flooding treatment, 3 months flooding and rice cultivation showed the similar results in terms of feed value. For desalination purpose in reclaimed land, 3 months flooding treatments of rice cultivation could result in higher yielding for upland crop, such as whole crop barley.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.119-123
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• 2007

Germination ratio on the 300 collected genetic resources showed 80 to 100 percentage, but those of some accessions were very low as below 30 percentage. Early growth phase of most of these lines were very poor while some collected lines were very vigor. Range of stem height showed from 150 to 199cm, but that of some accessions showed below 100cm as five percentage and some of them was over 250cm as eight percentage. Number of tillers per plant appeared less one but some collected lines have two to three tillers per plant. In days to tasseling, some accessions showed more four per plant. Ear length of these accession showed above 60 percentage as 11 to 15cm, while that of some collected lines showed over 10 percentage as 16 to 20cm.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.139-146
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• 2007

Field experiment was conducted to assess the influence of liquid compost supplemented with chemical fertilizer on the rice growth and yield in 2005. Treatments consisted of liquid compost supplemented with chemical fertilize.(LCSC), liquid manure(LM), chemical fertilizer(CF), LCSC 50% + 50%CF, LCSC 75% + 25%CF. The plant height and tiller's number in plots of 100% basal application plot by LCSC and LM plot were lower than that of chemical fertilizer. But in the plot of basal application by LCSC and top dressing by chemical fertilizer, the height and tilters of rice were significantly difference with LM application plot. And the leaf color the plots by LCSC and chemical fertilizer was darker than that of the LM application plot. In plots by LCSC treatment, number of panicles per hill was higher that of LM plot. As the plot of 100% basal application by LCSC was fertilized, the yield of rice was decreased compared with chemical fertilizer. But the rice yield of basal fertilization by LCSC and top-dressing by chemical fertilizer was 7% increased compared with LM plot. The application plots by LCSC + chemical fertilizer plot were maintained productivity of rice, the rice should be fertilized with the basal application of LCSC and top-dressing of chemical fertilizer. The quality of brown rice was best in LM and LCSC plot, whereas in chemical fertilizer plot, it was the worst by increased of protein content. The results indicates that the application of LCSC + chemical fertilizer improves quality of rice rather quantity.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.175-184
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• 1995

In order to substitute sweet and super sweet maize hybrid seeds which are introduced at current, and to meet national demand for human consumption, inbreds and hybrids of waxy maize were developed by using Korean native lines, Six inbreds were used to produce 15 hybrids in a diallel cross, Six inbreds used were significantly different in tasseling dates, plant and ear heights, leaf area, and shank length, The inbred line, Bosung showed the longest shank length among the lines used, The ear characters like ear length and diameter, 100 kernel weight, row number, and kernel number per ear varied among lines, The inbred line Bosung was again significantly different from other lines in ear length and diameter, row number and 100 kernel weight. However, ]ewon had the highest kernel yield per 100. Hybrids were also different in plant and ear characteristics depending upon the inbreds used. The hybrids of Bosung showed the longest ear length and the heaviest kernel weight. Highest kernel yield per unit area was obtained by the hybrids crossed with Dangjin, The general combining ability(GCA) of Dangjin was found very effective in reducing plant and ear height of hybrids. The GCA of Jewon was very effective in increasing tiller number per plant. The inbred line Bosung was effective in increasing ear length and 100 kernel weight and in decreasing row number. The hybrid which showed the highest specific combining ability in ear length and 100 kernel weight was Jewon Chilbo.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.80-92
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• 1977

This experiment investigated the effect of various moisture levels on the top and root growth of barley and its yield. Resistant varieties to excess moisture injury shortened plant height, but tillered more, having creeping plant type compared with ordinary one, and greater portion of root of this varieties occured at the deeper soil depths with longer root length. However, susceptible one to excess moisture injury showed an inversed trend when compared with the untreated one. Oversaturated treatment compared with the untreated increased a little bit soil temperature and Eh of soil. Increased root activity and increased yield were obtained with resistant varieties compared with the untreated. Lower root activity and less yield than those of the untreated were observed in both extreme treatments. Yield reduction in both the extreme treatments was mainly due to reduction of tiller number, grain number and 1, 000-grain weight. Highest yield reduction was marked at the stage of internode elongation in the oversaturated and at the booting stage in the overdried treatment.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 1992

This experiment was carrid out to determine the effect of cutting height and nitrogen level on dead stubble, tiller and branch new shoot dry matter yield and total dry matter of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid{Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench}.The main treatment was four cutting height(5cm, IOcm, 15cm, 20cm), and the sub treatment was three nitrogen level(l50kg, 250kg, 350kglha).The experiment was performed at the Collage of Natural Science of Kon-Kuk University at Chungju in 1988. 1. Plant length tends to increase in the high cutting height and high N level. Especially, the difference of plant height was significant in warm season. 2. The number of dead stubble after cutting was significantly(P

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2007

Light is an environmental component inevitably regulating photosynthesis and photo-morphogenesis, which are involved in the plant growth and development. Studies were conducted at the International Rice Research Institute, Philippines in 2004 and 2005, with aims to investigate 1) morphological responses of rice plants to low radiation, 2) morphological alteration of shade-grown plants when exposed to high light intensity, and 3) photosynthetic responses of shade-grown rice plants. Reduction in solar radiation by 40% induced increases in the area on a single leaf basis, biomass partitioning to leaves, and chlorophyll meter readings but brought about retardation of tiller development and decrease in above-ground biomass production of rice varieties. When the shade-grown plants from two weeks of transplanting to panicle initiation were exposed to full solar radiation after panicle initiation, they demonstrated less increase in chlorophyll meter readings and more decrease in leaf nitrogen concentrations from panicle initiation to flowering than control plants that were grown under the ambient solar radiation for whole growth period after transplanting. Shade-grown rice plants exhibited lower carbon assimilation rates but higher internal $CO_2$ concentrations on a single leaf basis than control plants, when measurements for shade-grown rice plants were made under the shading treatments. But when the measurements for shade-grown plants were made under the full solar radiation, light-saturated carbon assimilation rates were similar to control plants. Response of photosynthetic rates to varying light intensities was not considerably different between shading treatments and control. Yield reduction was observed in the shading treatments from panicle initiation to flowering and from flowering to physiological maturity, mainly by less spikelets per panicle and poor grain filling, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.192-197
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of site-specific variable fertilization following digital fertility map generated from soil analysis on rice growth and yield. The site-specific application of fertilizer was implemented by using rice transplanter equipped with side dressing applicator and global positioning system (GPS). Coefficient of variation (C.V.) of soil nitrogen content was reduced after the experiment, and spatial variation of semivariogram was reduced. Rice growth from tillering to ripening stage, plant height, tiller and panicle number increased at site-specific variable fertilization treatment, and coefficient variation (C.V.) of each growth characteristics was lower than those of conventional fertilization treatment. As a result, fertility in the rice field was more uniform become of site-specific fertilizer application. Head rice yield of site-specific application plot increased by 9% (i.e., to from 450 kg/10a to 492 kg/10a of the control plot) and its CV was significantly reduced to 3.5 compared to 7.8 of the control plot. In addition, there was no significant difference in amylose, protein contents and whiteness of milled rice, but its CV was reduced.