• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2001

The tiles were manufactured using a mixture of the TK material(a raw material in making tile) and Cu-Cr-Ag impregnated activated carbon(ASC Charcoal). The extraction character of heavy metals in making tile was evaluated and the manufacturing conditions of tile were studied. The heavy metals in the mixture-before and after the tile was production of tiles was successful and as a result of heavy metal analysis, the tile showed that the concentration of heavy metal after the production of tiles was lower than that of the before one. The concentration of eluted heavy metal by acidic and basic solutions was low and the quality of the produced tile was similar to the commercial one. The result of this study suggested that the waste ASC charcoal was used to produce good tiles and it also might reduce soil pollution.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.55-56
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• 2023

The number of defect disputes occurring in apartment houses is increasing year by year, and among them, disputes caused by defects in tiles account for 28.2% of the total, which is an important defect in tiles. A representative tile defect in the defect dispute is the lack of tile backfill. Another dispute occurred that the standards for each organization are different as the 100% standard of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport's building construction standard and 80% standard of the Architectural Institute of Korea's Building Technology Guidelines. In this study, it was analyzed the relationship between the amount of tile backfill and the amount of tile defects based on 100 defect litigation court appraisal documents. It was observed that the amount of defect in tile works tended to decrease as the amount of tile backfill increased. By presenting an appropriate amount of mortar to fill behind tiles in a defect dispute, the effect of reducing the defect dispute can be expected.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2011

Purpose : This study was performed to determine the optimal tile size for the fractal dimension of the mandibular trabecular bone using a tile counting method. Materials and Methods : Digital intraoral radiographic images were obtained at the mandibular angle, molar, premolar, and incisor regions of 29 human dry mandibles. After preprocessing, the parameters representing morphometric characteristics of the trabecular bone were calculated. The fractal dimensions of the processed images were analyzed in various tile sizes by the tile counting method. Results : The optimal range of tile size was 0.132 mm to 0.396 mm for the fractal dimension using the tile counting method. The sizes were closely related to the morphometric parameters. Conclusion : The fractal dimension of mandibular trabecular bone, as calculated with the tile counting method, can be best characterized with a range of tile sizes from 0.132 to 0.396 mm.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.23-39
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• 2011

The Sungnyemun roofing tiles were twice disassembled for maintenance work, in 1963 and 1997, and modern tiles were applied in 1997. However, besides differing in visual appearance, the modern tiles had distinctly different physical properties. A study has been carried out on 22 different tiles, including original Sungnyemun tiles, modern tiles applied during maintenance, traditional tiles made by tile-makers, and others, to examine their physical properties, such as bending strength, frost resistance, absorption, whole-rock magnetic susceptibility, chromaticity, differential thermal analysis, and other characteristics. Since the method of making modern tiles involves compressing clay in a vacuum, modern tiles showed relatively greater bending strength and specific gravity, while Sungnyemun tiles and those made by tile-makers, in comparison, demonstrated less bending strength and specific gravity owing to their production method of 'treading,' in which clay is mixed by having someone tread upon it repeatedly. Over time, the absorption rate of the original tile used for Sungyemun gradually decreased from 21% to 14.7%; traditional tiles from tile-makers showed absorption rates of 17%, while the absorption rate of modern tiles was just 1%, which is significantly low. As for frost resistance, Sungnyemun tiles and traditional tiles from tile-makers showed cracking and exfoliation after being subjected to testing 4 or 5 times, while slight cracking was seen on the surface for modern tiles after 1ngy, or 3 times. In other words, no significant difference from influence by frost was found. According to the results of differential thermal analysis, the plastic temperature was shown to have been no less than 1, $on^{\circ}C$ for all types of tile, and cristobalite was measuredthrough XRD analysis from a Sungnyemun female tile applied during maintenance in 1963, which appeared to have been plasticized at between $1,200^{\circ}C{\sim}1,300^{\circ}C$. Based on these research results on the physical properties of tiles from the Sungnyemun roof, a fundamental production method for tiles to be applied in the restoration of Sungnyemun has been identified.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• v.y2004m10
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• pp.27-30
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• 2004

The objectives of the present study is to solve problems in PC tile before-fixing method using ordinary concrete by adopting the liquefaction method in manufacturing PC to which the tile before-fixing method is applied, and to provide basic information for the practical use of the PC tile before-fixing method, which uses high workable concrete, through manufacturing a complex body based on the optimal mix proportion,

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
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• 2007.10b
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• pp.208-213
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• 2007

I have analyzed four methods for revitalizing the Ibi district, a local community in Minami Awaji City in Hyogo Prefecture, using Awaji tile, a traditional product. The first analysis is of a workshop to think about the revitalization of the community using Awaji tile. The second is an evaluation of using Awaji tile in the construction of green spaces and the renewal of existing buildings. The third analysis is on the distribution of terracotta for plants to all the residents of this district and the construction of art objects using Awaji tile at the seashore and by the entrance area of a highway interchange. The fourth analysis is of the results of information sharing by a newsletter and a website. Finally, I gave questionnaires to workshop participants. As a result, visible, completed products of these efforts were evaluated positively, but more effort is required related to the newsletter and website. Overall, I could verify the compounded possibilities for revitalization of the community using Awaji tile as promoting regional industry, activating the community, and improving the landscape.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.135-140
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• 2001

In metal cutting at the tool-chip interface, friction generates considerable amount of heat. Thus, tile .knowledge of wear properties or the cutting tool material in high temperature has been known as one of tile important factors in need of clarification. The authors presented the wear properties of 5%V-5%Co-1%Nb high speed steel, fabricated by powder metallurgy, in room temperature in a previous article. The objective of this paper is to clarify tile effects of temperature ell its wear properties. Wear tests in sliding conditions under various temperatures have been conducted. The results indicate that tile wear properties of tile tool material in high temperature as well as in room temperature are excellent. It may be deduced that the oxide layer formed on the vol-n surface at high temperature is stable enough to prevent wear due to tile high temperature strength of its matrix.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.1052-1062
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• 2020

As the market demand for immersive media increases, an efficient streaming method is required in consideration of network conditions while maintaining the user's immersive experience. Accordingly, transmitting a viewport with relatively high-quality, such as tile-based streaming, is mainly used. But there still remains a lot of technical challenges, such as quickly providing a new viewport in high-quality according to the gaze. To solve the aforementioned problem, in this paper, we propose a method of configuring and transmitting a supplemental tile set through the predicted direction, and a range of stable utilization of the transmitted supplemental tile set.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.217-218
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• 2023

In modern architecture, tiles are used as a decorative material to enhance the appearance of buildings. However, defects occurring during tile installation affect not only the appearance of the building, but also its maintenance. This study aims to investigate stable tile installation by producing tile modules using the floating mortar method and conducting freeze-thaw tests to measure their adhesion strength. Test results showed that the adhesion strength increased as the mesh size decreased, except for S3 mesh. This study highlights the importance of research on tile installation to solve problems related to building appearance and maintenance.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2022

Unlike general maps, the underground geospatial Information is a system made to view underground information in a 3D shape. This system is managed by a tile maps to lighten the data. But there are various underground structures in the basement, and the structures are made of 3D data, so the data size is large. Therefore, when a client mobile program requests a tile map, the service server fetches the requested tile map from the DB server and transmits ti to the client, but there is a transmission delay time problem. In this paper, we design the tile cache method to improve the request response speed for the tile map data provided to the client in the mobile underground geospatial information system. We propose a method in which a service server predicts and prefetchs the next tile map while the client is viewing tile map, and stores the prefetching data in the memory of client mobile terminal. Then, the transmission delay time problem can be solved.