• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.3104-3104
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• 2001

The research described here was undertaken with the aim of monitoring, optimizing and ultimately controlling the production of heterofermentative microbes used as starters in the salami industry. The use of starter cultures in the fermented meats industry is a well-established technique used to shorten and standardize the ripening process, and to improve and control the organoleptic quality of the final product. Starter cultures are obtained by the submerged cultivation of suitable microorganisms in stirred, and sometimes aerated, fermenters where monitoring of key physiological parameters such as the concentration of biomass, substrates and metabolites suffers from the general lack of real-time measurement techniques applicable to aseptic processes. In this respect, the results of the present work are relevant to all submerged fermentation processes. Previous work on the application of on-line NIR spectroscopy to the lactic acid fermentation (Dosi et al. - Monreal NIR1995) had successfully used a system based on a measuring cell included in a circulation loop external to the fermenter. The fluid handling and sterility problems inherent in an external circulation system prompted us to explore the use of an in-line system where the NIR probe is immersed in the culture and is thus exposed to the hydrodynamic conditions of the stirred and aerated fluid. Aeration was expected to be a potential source of problems in view of the possible interference of air bubbles with the measurement device. The experimental set-up was based on an in-situ sterilizable NIR probe connected to the instrument by means of an optical fiber bundle. Preliminary work was carried out to identify and control potential interferences with the measurement, in particular the varying hydrodynamic conditions prevailing at the probe tip. We were successful in defining the operating conditions of the fermenter and the geometrical parameters of the probe (flow path, positioning, etc.) were the NIR readings were reliable and reproducible. The system thus defined was then used to construct and validate calibration curves for tile concentration of biomass, carbon source and major metabolites of two different microorganisms used as salami starters. Real-time measurement of such parameters coupled with the direct interfacing of the NIR instrument with the PC-based measurement and control system of the fermenter enabled the development of automated strategies for the interactive optimization of the starter production process.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.24-30
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• 1976

To observe the influence of tetrahedral and octahedral preference of cations of Ni2+, Ti4+ upon the formation and the color development of the MgO-SnO2 spinel containing Ni2+ and Ti4+ ions, the gradual substitution of Ni2+ ions for Mg2+ ions and of Ti4+ ions for Sn4+ ions of the spinel in NiO-MgO-SnO2-TiO2 system was carried out. On samples prepared by calcining the oxide and basic carbonate mixtures at 130$0^{\circ}C$ for 1.5 hour, the X-ray analysis, measurement of reflectance and the test of their stability as a glaze pigment were also carried out. On samples prepared by calcining the oxide and basic carbonate mixtures at 130$0^{\circ}C$ for 1.5 hour, the X-ray analysis, measurement of reflectance and the test of their stabiality as a glaze pigment were also carried out. The results are summarized as follows. 1) As increasing the amounts of Ni2+ ions in the xNiO.(2-x)MgO.SnO2 system, spinel was not formed easily, and the mixed-spinel was formed in NiO.MgO.SnO2 of x=1 but the spinels was not formed completely in the range of x>1.5 2) The spinels was not more formed in NiO-MgO-TiO2 system than NiO-MgO-SnO2 system. Therefore, Ti4+ ions have strong octahedral preference than Sn4+ ions. The color changed the yellow region little. The mixed-spinel or non-spinel was formed easily NiO.TiO2, MgO.TiO2 of illmenite type as the gradual substitution of Ti4+ ions for Sn4+ ions. 3) The results of glaze test. The color changed from white through graish brown to brown as the gradual substitution of Ni2+ ions for Mg2+ ions in calcium-zinc glaze and calcium glaze, and from white through light yellowish beige to dull beige in tile glaze. Also, the color did not change generally as the gradual substitution of Ti4+ ions for Sn4+ ions in NiO-MgO-SnO2-TiO2 system.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.27-38
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• 2006

In the planning stage of mobile phone development, one of the most important considerations is to select a FormFactor properly to determine the strategy and Purpose of a Product. Up to now, the FormFactor has been selected only by intuitional and qualitative methods. In this study, the Appraisal Methodology using Sensibility Adjectives of Emotion and Sensibility Engineering was presented to suggest the systematic and rational framework in the field of FormFactor selection. First, we verified the conceptual FormFactors with Axiomatic Design and classified the Sensibility Adjectives into the verified FormFactors. When the FormFactor and classified Design Parameters (DP) were given to a designer, the designer implemented the preliminary designs and they were assessed and analyzed by the survey. With these processes, we were able to select the proper designs for FormFactors which were fit for the purpose of a product. This was caused by connecting the Axiomatic Design and tile Sensibility Adjectives. This study gave the possibilities that can be spread to the selection factors, except for the FormFactor, from now on.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.153-170
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• 2011

OMTP (Open Mobile Terminal Platform) is a global forum made by telecommunications providers to promote user-oriented mobile services and data business. Devised by OMTP, BONDI is a browser-based application or a mobile web run-time platform to help widgets make good use of functions of mobile devices in a secure way. BONDI enables applications programmed with web standard technologies such as HTML, JavaScript, CSS, and AJAX to reach the internal functions of mobile devices. Since BONDI, which is not just a simple network application, can reach the internal resources of devices in standard ways, it enables the application and widgets to be developed regardless of tile OS or platform. Web browser-based widgets are vulnerable to the network environment, and their exeeution speed can be slowed as the operations of the widgets or applications become heavy. However, those web widgets will be continuously used thanks to the user-friendly simple interface and the faster speed in using web resources more than the native widgets inside the device. This study suggested a method to effectively operate and manage the resource of OMTP BONDI web widget and then provided an improved result based on a running performance evaluation experiment. The experiment was carried to improve the entire operating time by enhancing the module-loading speed. In this regard, only indispensable modules were allowed to be loaded while the BONDI widget was underway. For the purpose, the widget resource list, able to make the operating speed of the BONDI widget faster, was redefined while a widget cache was employed. In addition, the widget box, a management tool for removed widgets, was devised to store temporarily idle widgets.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.12B no.6 s.102
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• pp.703-714
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• 2005

Researches in text categorization have been confined to whole-document-level classification, probably due to lacks of full-text test collections. However, full-length documents availably today in large quantities pose renewed interests in text classification. A document is usually written in an organized structure to present its main topic(s). This structure can be expressed as a sequence of sub-topic text blocks, or passages. In order to reflect the sub-topic structure of a document, we propose a new passage-level or passage-based text categorization model, which segments a test document into several Passages, assigns categories to each passage, and merges passage categories to document categories. Compared with traditional document-level categorization, two additional steps, passage splitting and category merging, are required in this model. By using four subsets of Routers text categorization test collection and a full-text test collection of which documents are varying from tens of kilobytes to hundreds, we evaluated the proposed model, especially the effectiveness of various passage types and the importance of passage location in category merging. Our results show simple windows are best for all test collections tested in these experiments. We also found that passages have different degrees of contribution to main topic(s), depending on their location in the test document.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association for Survey Research Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.140-160
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to identify and evaluate the competitiveness of ports in ASEAN(Association of Southeast Asian Nations), which plays a leading role in basing the hub of international logistics strategies as a countermeasure in changes of international logistics environments. This region represents most severe competition among Mega hub ports in the world in terms of container cargo throughput at the onset of the 21st century. The research method in this study accounted for over lapping between attributes, and introduced the HFP method that can perform mathematical operations. The scope of this study was strictly confined to the ports of ASEAN, which cover the top 100 of 350 container ports that were presented in Containerization International Yearbook 2002 wi th reference to container throughput. The results of this study show Singapore in the number one position. Even compared with major ports in Korea (after getting comparative ratings and applying tile same data and evaluation structure), the number one position still goes to Singapore and then Busan(2) and Manila(2), followed by Port Klang(4), Tanjung Priok(5), Tanjung Perak(6), Bangkok(7), Inchon(8), Laem Chabang(9) and Penang(9). In terms of the main contributions of this study, it is the first empirical study to apply the combined at tributes of detailed and representative attributes into the advanced HFP model which was enhanced by the KJ method to evaluate the port competitiveness in ASEAN. Up-to-now, none have comprehensively conducted researches with sophisticated port methodology that has discussed a variety of changes in port development and terminal transfers of major shipping lines. Moreover, through the comparative evaluation among major ports in Korea and ASEAN, the presentation of comparative competitiveness for Korean ports is a great achievement in this study. In order to reinforce this study, it needs further compensative research, including cost factors which could not be applied to modeling the subject ports by lack of consistently qualified data in ASEAN.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.551-559
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• 1996

To examine the effects of dietary fibers on gastrointestinal physiology, rats were fed with diets containing 10% sodium alginate,10% cellulose, or fiber-free diets for 5 weeks. The results obtained were as follows: The chronic consumption of sodium alginate induced a significant decrease in body weight gain and feeding efficiency, but a significant increase in length and weight of small intestine. Fecal bulk and weight were higher in fiber-fed group than fiber-free group. The chronic consumption of dietary fiber induced a significant increase in fecal output, resulting in tile decrease of apparent digestibility of protein and lipid. Pancreatic protease activity was lower in fiber-fed group than fiber-free group, whereas pancreatic amylase and lipase activities were not affected. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and light microscopy(LM) studies showed small intestine microvilli with numerous ridges and convolutions and goblet cells in fiber-fed groups. As a result of this study, it is concluded that the chronic consumption of dietary fiber decreases apparent digestibility of nutrients and induces morphological and biochemical adaptation of digestive organs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.680-686
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• 1996

Investigations were conducted on the effects of different blanching solutions and time on tile quality of carrot juice to minimize undesirable changes in color, taste and flavor of raw carrot. Juice yields were 65.9% in raw juice(RJ), 51.7~55.3% in juice by blanching in water(JBIW) and 44.6% in juice by blanching in acetic acid solution(JBIA). pH of JBIW was 6.12~6.37, similar to RJ, while that of JBIA was 4.85. Soluble solid was in the decreasing order of RJ, JBIW and JBIA. Turbidities of JBIW for 1 min and JBIA for 5 min after 3 day storage at $4^{\circ}C$ were maintained by 94% compared to the original juice. Only 44~46% of $\beta-carotene$ was extracted from carrots during pressing, and f-carotene was extracted to a greater extent than $\alpha-carotene.$ Sensory evaluation indicated that JBIW for 1 min was superior to nth and commercially available juice in overall acceptance.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.13-16
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• 2001

Purpose : To evaluate the types of the fibrous scar formation around graft after ACL reconstruction. Materials and Methods : Between Nov 1997 and Jun. 1999, the second look arthroscopy was performed on 15 knees of 14 patients. We evaluated the changes around graft and measured the tunnel position that the tibial tunnel position as a percentage along the length of the tibial plateau from the anterior-to-posterior as seen on a lateral radiograph and the femoral tunnel position as a percentage along Blumensaat's line from anterior-to-posterior as seen on a lateral radiograph. Results : The tibial tunnel position was from $27\%\;to\;58\%(mean\;41\%)$ and the femoral tunnel position was from $58\%\;to\;83\%(mean\;76\%)$, so the tunnel position was ideal in almost cases. By arthroscopic findings, the grafts were not impinged in all cases and tile fibrous scar was formed between intercondylar notch and graft in almost cases except 3 cases. The types of fibrous scar formation were 6 cases of fibrillated fiber and 5 cases of fibrous nodule and 1 case of fibrous band. Conclusion : There was no impingement on graft in all cases and various types of fibrous scars were formed around grafts.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 1978

The present study was conducted to elucidate the pattern in changes of trimethylamine oxide and related compounds in the muscle of Alaska pollack during drying, especially referred to formaladehyde and dimethylamine. Three kinds of dried samples of Alaska pollack, sun dried, hot-air dried, and salted-sun dried, were prepared and analyzed for their contents of trimethylamine oxide, trimethylamine, dimethylamine, and formaldehyde. The amount of trimethylamine oxide remained in the salted-sun dried sample was relatively higher than those in the other two samples. In the content of trimethylamine, the hot-air dried sample showed an exceedingly high value shelving forty-two times higher than the raw sample while the other two samples showed barely three to four times content based on the raw sample. The dimethylamine content in the hot-air fried sample was comparatively lower than those in the other two samples, the former marked about ten folds of the raw sample's and tile latter showed about fifteen folds, respectively. Refering to the content of formaldehyde, it decreased to eighty-three percent of initial content in the hot-air dried sample. On the contrary, it increased about two times initial content in the other two samples, respectively. As a tendency, the formaldehyde content appeared increased or decreased correlatively with the dimethylamine content, whereas the case was reverse for the trimethylamine content.