• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.177-182
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• 1998

This study investigated the effects of a titanium prosthesis, malalignment, field of view, and distal flare of titanium prosthesis on computed tomography( CT) measurements of home mineral density. Eight femora and eight tibiae from fresh male cadavers were used. Fifteen pieces of cancellous bone from the proximal tibiae were milled into rectangular parallelepipeds. Parallelepipeds and femors were scanned with and without titanium prosthesis when centered in the gantry of the CT scanner and malaligned, respectively. Image data were then reconstructed with field of view of 10 and 30 cm. Bone mineral density(BMD) values were obtained from CT images using C-MED software. The effects of titanium prosthesis, malalignmetn, and field of view were investigated. When bone was centered in the gantry of the CT scanner, the mean relative difference of BMD measurements caused by a titanium prosthesis was less than 1% for both cortical and cancellous bone. Field of view had negligible effect on BMD measurements as well. Malalignment and distal flare of prosthesis, however, caused a significant difference in BMD measurements(p<0.0001). The titanium prosthesis did not interfere with malalignment combining the existence of a titnium prosthesis on BMD measurements was significant.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.1009-1013
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• 2012

Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 was newly recorded in Korea as a invasive species at Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea in 2010 and 2011. Leptoglossus Guerin-Meneville, 1831 is also newly recorded Coreid genus in Korea. The diagnostic shape is expanded leaf-like hind tibiae. The origin of this species is North America and it has been rapidly propagated around the world as a pest. This bug recognized as a pest on almost of Pinaceae plants and they suck on developing cones, so the monitoring on the present invasion of this species in Korea is urgent. It was presumed that the invasion of Leptoglossus occidentalis into Korea was before 2010 with present study.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.749-755
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of artificial unloading induced by hindlimb suspension on the trabecular bone in tibiae. Twenty four 12-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to 3 groups, namely, the control group (CON, n = 8), the hindlimb-suspended group (HLS, n = 8) and HLS with partial vibration group (HLSPV, n = 8). After 4 weeks, compared with CON group, HLS group had significantly greater decreases on BMD, BV/TV, Tb.N, Conn.Dn and increase on Tb.Sp (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in BMD and the other micro structural parameters of tibial trabecular bones between CON and HLSPV (p > 0.05). These results implied that partial vibration might inhibit the bone loss induced by hindlimb suspension. Furthermore, we could expect to apply partial vibration system in space environment, to prevent bone loss in astronauts.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.62-68
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• 2015

PURPOSE. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the amount of reosseointegration after counter torquing (reverse torque) and transposing the installed implants at different times. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This study was done on ten tibiae of five cross-bred dogs. At the first day one implant was installed in each tibia. After one week half of the implants were randomly counter torqued (1WCT) and the other half were explanted and reimplanted in a new juxtaposition site (transposed)(1WT). At the same time three new implants were installed in each dog, one of them was considered as one week control (1WC) and remaining two as 8 week groups (8WCT&8WT). After eight weeks the 1WCT and 1WT implants were loosened by counter torque and the quantity of needed force for liberation was measured with the digital device (BGI). At the same time one implant was installed in each dog as eight week control (8WC) and the same protocol was repeated for 8 week groups after another 8 weeks. RESULTS. All implants were osseointegrated. Mean quantities of osseointegration in case groups indicated better amounts rather than control groups. CONCLUSION. Counter torque or transposition of the installed implants one week or eight weeks after the implantation did lead to osseointegration.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.117-120
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• 2016

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Lewis rats is characterized by transient paralysis followed by recovery. To evaluate whether transient paralysis in EAE affects bone density, tibiae of EAE rats were morphologically investigated using micro-computed tomography and histology. The parameters of bone health were significantly reduced at the peak stage of EAE rats relative to those of controls (p < 0.05). The reduction of bone density was found to remain unchanged, even in the recovery stage. Collectively, the present data suggest that osteoporosis occurs in paralytic rats with monophasic EAE, possibly through the disuse of hindlimbs and/or autoimmune inflammation.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.61 no.5
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• pp.559-567
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• 2018

Objective : The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect for biodegradable screws containing bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in an osteoporotic rat model. Methods : Twenty-four female Wistar rat (250-300 g, 12 weeks of age) were randomized into four groups. Three groups underwent bilateral ovariectomy (OVX). Biodegradable screws with or without BMP-2 were inserted in the proximal tibia in two implantation groups. The extracted proximal metaphysis of the tibiae were scanned by exo-vivo micro-computed tomography. Evaluated parameters included bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular bone volume (BV/TV), trabecular number, trabecular thickness, and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp). The tibia samples were pathologically evaluated by staining with by Hematoxylin and Eosin, and trichrome. Results : Trabecular formation near screw insertion site was evident only in rats receiving BMP-2 screws. BMD and BV/TV significantly differed between controls and the OVX and OVX with screw groups. However, there were no significant differences between control and OVX with screw BMP groups. Tb.Sp significantly differed between control and OVX and OVX with screw groups (p<0.05), and between the OVX and OVX with screw BMP group (p<0.05), with no statistically significant difference between control and OVX with screw BMP groups. Over the 12 weeks after surgery, bone lamellae in direct contact with the screw developed more extensive and thicker trabecular bone around the implant in the OVX with screw BMP group compared to the OVX with screw group. Conclusion : Biodegradable screws containing BMP-2 improve nearby bone conditions and enhance ostoeintegration between the implant and the osteoporotic bone.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.340-345
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• 2016

The present study determined the normal reference ranges for the femoral and tibial joint orientation angles of small-breed dogs. For this purpose, 60 each of cadaveric canine femurs and tibias from normal small-breed dogs (Maltese, Poodle, Shih Tzu, Yorkshire Terrier) were examined with radiographs and photographs. Axial and frontal radiographs and photographs of each bone were obtained, from which anteversion and inclination angles, anatomic lateral proximal and distal femoral angles (aLPFA and aLDFA), mechanical lateral proximal and distal femoral angles (mLPFA and mLDFA), and mechanical medial proximal and distal tibial angles (mMPTA and mMDTA) were measured. The 95% CI for radiographic values of all femurs and tibiae were anteversion angle, $23.4-27.4^{\circ}$; inclination angle, $128.4-130.4^{\circ}$; aLPFA, $117.8-122.1^{\circ}$; aLDFA, $93.7-95.2^{\circ}$; mLPFA $113.8-117.3^{\circ}$; mLDFA $99.2-100.5^{\circ}$; mMPTA $96.8-98.5^{\circ}$; mMDTA $89.4-90.7^{\circ}$. The Maltese had a larger anteversion angle than the Poodle and the Yorkshire Terrier and a larger mLPFA than the Poodle. In the comparison between the radiographs and the photographs, significant differences were found in the anteversion angle, mLPFA, mMPTA, and mMDTA. The established normal reference values might be useful for determining whether a valgus or varus deformity of the femur or the tibia is present and if so, the degree of angular correction needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.122-128
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to investigate, through a longitudinal tracking, whether gender influences morphological characteristics on trabeucular bone of tibia during unloading. 12 male and 15 female ICR mice at 6 week of age were used and randomly allocated into two groups in each gender; unloading and normal group, respectively Mice in unloading group were operated on denervation (sciatic neurectomy). The tibiae were scanned by using in vivo micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) at 0 day (before denervation) and after 14 days. Structural parameters and BMD on tibia were measured. In female, BV/TV (65%), Tb. Th (5%), Tb.N (61%) and BMD (62%) were significantly decreased and BS/BV (17%), Tb.Sp (54%), SMI (19%) and Tb.Pf (75%) were significantly increased after unloading (p<0.05). In male, BV/TV (1%) and Tb.N (10%) were significantly decreased and SMI (5%) was significantly increased after unloading (p<0.05). In addition, trabeuclar bone loss of female was significantly bigger than that of male (p<0.05). These results indicated that effects of unloading on trabecular bone in growing mice might have difference between female and male, although unloading result in loss of quantity and quality on trabecular bone both female and male.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.81-88
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• 2010

Our objective of current study was to investigate the development of bone and heart in association with diabetes mellitus (DM). DM was induced by administering an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 60 mg/kg) to 4-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. Body weight and blood glucose were monitored, and rats were sacrificed after 2 or 5 weeks. The left ventricle (LV), including the interventricular septum, was weighed, and body weight and tibial bone length were assessed. Young diabetic rats showed reduced growth in terms of tibial length and body weight compared to controls. Moreover, diabetic males showed more significant growth suppression and reduced LV size than diabetic females. Morphometric analysis of tibiae from diabetic rats revealed suppressed bone growth at 2 and 5 weeks, with no difference between genders. STZ-induced diabetes decreased bone growth and retarded pre-pubertal heart development. As a result, diabetes may increase cardiovascular risk factors and lead to eventual heart failure. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are required for diabetic children exhibiting growth retardation. Heart growth factor, exercise, and cardiopulmonary physical therapy may be required to promote heart development and physiological function.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.94-100
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects of physical and chemical surface factors on in vivo bone responses by comparing chemically modified hydrophilic sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched (modSLA) and anodically oxidized hydrophobic implant surfaces. Methods: Five modSLA implants and five anodized implants were inserted into the tibiae of five New Zealand white rabbits (one implant for each tibia). The characteristics of each surface were determined using field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy before the installation. The experimental animals were sacrificed after 1 week of healing and histologic slides were prepared from the implant-tibial bone blocks removed from the animals. Histomorphometric analyses were performed on the light microscopic images, and bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area (BA) ratios were measured. Nonparametric comparison tests were applied to find any significant differences (P<0.05) between the modSLA and anodized surfaces. Results: The roughness of the anodized surface was $1.22{\pm}0.17{\mu}m$ in Sa, which was within the optimal range of $1.0-2.0{\mu}m$ for a bone response. The modSLA surface was significantly rougher at $2.53{\pm}0.07{\mu}m$ in Sa. However, the modSLA implant had significantly higher BIC than the anodized implant (P=0.02). Furthermore, BA ratios did not significantly differ between the two implants, although the anodized implant had a higher mean value of BA (P>0.05). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, the hydrophilicity of the modSLA surface may have a stronger effect on in vivo bone healing than optimal surface roughness and surface chemistry of the anodized surface.