• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.653-663
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• 2006

Objective : Graves' disease, the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, is an autoimmune disorder associated with autoantibodies to the TSH receptor. The clinical features of Graves' disease are goiter and hypermetabolic symptoms induced by excessive hormones. Antithyroid drug therapy is the first-line treatment for Graves' disease in Korea, Japan and European countries. Yet in spite of a long period and high-dose of treatment, it is hard to achieve remission because of adverse effects, frequent recurrence and resistance to antithyroid drugs. Recently, it has been reported that the abnormal thyroid hormone and clinical symptoms of Graves' disease were reduced by Ahnjeonbaekho-tang (AJBHT). Methods : To investigate the effectiveness and action mechanism of AJBHT, we studied the influence of AJBHT on FRTL-5 thyroid cell proliferation, DNA synthesis and expression of T4, TSH, cAMP, Tg and TPO mRNA. Results : AJBHT significantly inhibited the FRTL-5 cell proliferation, DNA synthesis, T4 synthesis, cAMP production and the expression of Tg mRNA in comparison with control and MMI. Conclusions : These results suggest that AJBHT may inhibit the cell proliferation and DNA synthesis by regulating the cAMP, and suppress the T4 synthesis by modulating Tg mRNA expression and cAMP synthesis, and that it may be useful agent for treating the goiter and hormone abnormality of Graves' disease.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.53-76
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• 1997

In order to study the effect of aqua-acupuncture with Radix Angelicae gigantis extract solution by acuncture point. Radix Angelicae gigantis aqua-acupuncture was carried on every day for 3 days and 5 days 7 days respectively on the corresponding loci of Chondol(CV22) and non-acupuncture points (loci at the root of tail), after inducing hypothyroidism by thiourea administration and thereafter the contents of serum triiodothyronine$(T_3)$, thyroxine$(T_4)$, triiodothyronine uptake, free $T_3$, free $T_4$, total protein, albumin, creatinine, creatine, BUN, cholesterol, triglyceride, and total lipid were measured in hypothyroidism rats. The following results have been obtained : 1. $T_3$ was increased with statistical significance by Radix Angelicae gigantis aquq-acupuncture for 3 days, 5 days and 7 days Chondol(CV22) and non-acupuncture points as compared with the control group. 2. $T_3$ uptake was increased with statistical significance by Radix Angelicae gigantis aquq-acupuncture for 3 days, 5 days and 7 days to Chondol(CV22) as compared with the control group. 3. Free $T_4$ was increased with statistical significance by Radix angelicae gigantis aqua-acupuncture for 3 days, 5 days and 7 days to Chondol(CV22), and non-acupuncture points respectively as compared with the control group. 4. Albumin was decreased with statistical significance by Radix Angelicae gigantis aqua-acupuncture for 3 days, and 5 days and 7 days to Chondol(CV22), and non-acupuncture points respectively as compared with the control group. 5. Creatine was decreased with statistical significance by Radix Angelicae gigantis aqua-acupuncture for 3 days, and 5 days and 7 days to Chondol(CV22), and non-acupuncture points respectively as compared with the control group. 6. Cholesterol was decreased with statistical significance by Radix Angelicae gigantis aqua-acupuncture for 3 days, and 5 days and 7 days to Chondol(CV22) and non-acupuncture points respectively as compared with the control group. 7. Triglyceride was decreased with statistical significance by Radix Angelicae gigantis aqua-acupuncture for 3 days, and 5 days and 7 days to Chondol(CV22) and non-acupuncture points respectively as compared with the control group. 8. Total lipid was decreased with statistical significance by Radix Angelicae gigantis aqua-acupuncture for 3 days, and 5 days and 7 days to Chondol(CV22) and non-acupuncture points respectively as compared with the control group.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.693-702
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• 2023

The present study examined the rate of cell growth and differentiation potential into adipocytes in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells exposed to each adipogenic medium containing glucose metabolism hormones, such as thyroxine (T4) thyroid hormone and glucocorticoid (GC) adrenal steroid hormone, as well as pioglitazone (PGZ), a PPARγ agonist. Following each adipogenic treatment for 2 weeks, the rate of cell growth was significantly (p<0.05) inhibited, and the level of telomerase activity was significantly (p<0.05) decreased in the PGZ-based adipogenic medium containing both T4 and GC hormone compared with those containing each T4 or GC hormone. Moreover, the adiposome-like vesicles were highly reacted with Oil-Red O staining solution, and the levels of transcripts expressed in the differentiating adipocytes for adipogenesis, including adinopectin, leptin, and resistin, were significantly (p<0.05) increased in the PGZ-based adipogenic medium containing both T4 and GC hormone compared with those of the adipogenic medium containing each T4 or GC hormone, implying that adipocytic differentiation has fully occurred in the A549 cancer cells. Based on present observations, the PGZ-based adipogenic medium containing both T4 and GC efficiently induces inhibition of cell growth and cellular differentiation into adipocytes in A549 cancer cells rather than in the adipogenic medium containing only T4 or GC hormone. Adipogenic treatment could provide potential probability in cancer chemotherapy.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.131-136
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• 1997

The hemodynamic effects of thyroid hormones which is well established, affect myocardial contractility, heart rate, and myocardial oxygen consumption. The alterations in thyroid function test are frequently seen in patients with nonthyroidal illness and often correlate with the severity of the illness and the prosnosis. In this study, thyroid hormone changes were investigated in 20 patients who received cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB). All patients showed a state of biochemical euthyroidism preoperatively: The results were as follows : 1. Serum triiodothyronine(73) reached to its nadir(30.05 $\pm$ 17.5ng/dl, p(0.001) at 10 minutes after the start of CPB and remained low(p(0.05) throughout the study period. 2. Serum thyroxine(74) concentr tion slightly decreased after CPB, but maintained within normal range. 3. Serum free thyroxine(W4) concentration slightly increased after CPB, but maintained within normal range. 4. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH) concentration increased 10 minute after CPB, reached to its nadir(3.37 $\pm$ 0.81u1U/m1, p(0.001) at 2 hours after CPB. After then, serum TSH concentration decreased and reached its normal levels at 24 hours after CPB. 5. The patients whose postoperative recovery was uneventful(Group 1) had higher serum 73 levels than those who had postoperative complications(Group 2)(p<0.05). Group 1 showed elevating patterns of serum 73 in the fourth day after operation, whereas group 2 did not show such an elevating pattern. These findings are similar to the euthyroid sick syndrome seen in severely ill patients and indicate that patients undergoing open heart surgery have suppression of the pituitary-thyroid axis.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.148-158
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• 1991

The purpose of this research was to establish the culture condition for dissociated submandibu -lar gland (SG) cells. After trypsin digestion of SG from 3-4 weeks old mice, dissociated cells were cultured in 1OO/o fetal bovine serum-Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (FBS-DME) or 0.5-2% low protein serum replacement-DME (LPSR-DME) on plastic surface to form monolayer. The effects of FBS, LPSR and hormones on the growth and function of cultured SG cells were examined. SG cells dissociated by enzyme were successfully cultured and were characterized as epithelial-like cells by light and electron microscope. The maximal DNA synthesis of cultured SG cells was achieved by DME containing 5-10% FBS. The same results were obtained when the effects of LPSR on cell proliferation were examined up to a LPSR concentration of 2%. SG cells cultured in 20/o LPSR-DME expressed a population doubling time of 42.5 hrs and a saturation density of 1.2 $\times$10 5cell/cm$^2$. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in medium did not influence on the DNA synthesis of the cultured SG cells, but stimulated protein synthesis of the SG cells. Thyroxine (T4) stimulated protein synthesis of the SCI cells markedly in a dose-dependent fashion. EGF secretion by the cultured SG cells increased significandy by DHT and or T4 trearment. This finding indicated that secretion of EGF by the SG cells was under the control of the hormones such as androgen and thyroid hormones. It seems to be that the culture condition described here can be used as a useful tool for further research on the SCI cells.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 1994

The relationship of thyroid status and certain blood biochemical constituents with body weight gains (ADG) and age (13 to 96 weeks) was studied in Holstein Friesian ${\times}$ Hariana ($1/2F{\times}1/2H$) crossbred male calves by assessing their plasma triiodo thyronine ($T_3$), Thyroxine ($T_4$), sodium, potassium, total proteins and cholesterol level at two energy levels. Body weight gains (ADG) were higher during the 50 to 72 weeks of age and declined thereafter, the plasma $T_3$ conc. was aignificantly (p < 0.01) higher during this period compared to all other periods. There was no significant variation due to energy level. Overall mean plasma $T_3$ conc. was $1.19{\pm}0.12ng/ml$. Plasma $T_4$ conc. did not show any significant variation either between the different age periods or between the two energy levels. The mean plasma $T_4$ conc. was $37.34{\pm}1.32ng/ml$. The plasma sodium and potassium concentration did not vary significantly due to energy levels. But amongst the different age periods, sodium concentration was highest ($147.70{\pm}2.29mEq/L$) during 49-60 weeks of age and lowest ($134.70{\pm}1.78mEq/L$) during 13-24 weeks, where as for potassium concentration changes were nonsignificant. There was very little variation amongst other periods. Plasma protein level was higher at 100% energy level than at 75%. Amongst the different age period, it was significantly lower ($6.44{\pm}0.36$) during 13 to 24 weeks of age than at 37 to 48 weeks of age ($7.14{\pm}0.11$). Plasma cholesterol values were higher for 75% energy level than that of 100%. Between the periods it was highest during 61 to 72 weeks of age and the difference amongst the age period were highly significant.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.237-245
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary thyroid hormone (T$_3$and T$_4$) on growth, feed conversion ratio and serum T$_3$or T$_4$concentration of broiler chicks. Zero to six week-old broiler chicks were randomly allocated into seven treatment groups for feeding trials with three replication : control, T$_3$(0.1), T$_3$(1.0), T$_3$(5.0), T$_4$(0.1), T$_4$(1.0), T$_4$(5.0) ppm group. Concentrations of T$_3$and T$_4$in serum were analyzed. The weight gain of T$_3$(1.0), T$_3$(5.0) and T$_4$(5.0) groups were significantly lower than that of control. No statistically significant adverse effect was observed in other groups (p〉0.05). Feed intake was significantly lower in T$_3$(0.1, 1.0 and 5.0) and T$_4$(5.0) than in control group (p〈0.05), and the feed conversion ratio had a similar trend to the feed intake change. The contents of liquid and abdominal fat pad in carcass were significantly decreased in all T$_3$and T$_4$groups (p〈0.05). T$_3$and T$_4$concentration in serum was significantly increased at over 1.0ppm of the hormone supplementation level. As T$_3$addition level increased, T$_4$concentration in serum reduced ; however, T$_3$in serum was directly proportional during fasted were slightly increased when T$_3$or T$_4$was added to broiler diets.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.1013-1016
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• 1999

A four-year-old female Jindo dog was admitted to the hospital because of bilaterally symmetrical alopecia and inappentence. Systemic abnomalities detected on physical examination were obesity, bradycardia, exercise intolerance, mental dullness and hypothermia. Dermatologically symmetrical alopecia on the back, trunk and dorsal tail, and ventral hyperpigmentation were observed. Also face was very tragic. The level of basal $T_4$ was 0.01ug/dl. In TSH stimulation test $fT_4$ value was 0.08ng/dl. After treatment was initiated with L-thyroxine the dog's general condition was improved at 4 weeks.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 1981

Serum concentrations of $T_4,\;T_3$, and free $T_4$ were measured by radioimmunoassay in normal pregnant women at each trimesters, in postpartum women, and cord blood of neonates. Total $T_4$ were increased during pregnancy, remarkably high in the first trimester, and also somewhat increased in postpartum, and normal in neonate. Total $T_3$ were in normal range during pregnancy, but increased in postpartum, whereas decreased in neonate. Free $T_4$ were decreased in 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy, however normal in post partum and neonate.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.113-117
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• 1985

The present study was undertaken to examine serum concentration of free $T_3,\;T_4$, in various functional states of the thyroid by Amerlex RIA kit method, which uses unidentified $T_3,\;T_4-labelled$ analogues, said to be unreactive with $T_3,\;T_4-binding$ proteins in serum, together with an antibody that binds both analogue and $T_3,\;T_4$. The test method has been compared with free $T_4$ index, which was product of total serum thyroxine and $T_3$ resin uptake ratio. Free $T_4$ value by this method was found to have a highly significant positive correlation with a free $T_4$ index (r; 0.957, p<0.005) and total $T_4$ (r:0.89, p<0.005) also, it was similar to other free $T_4$ measuring methods previously reported. So, it was showen to have the clinical utility as the screening test for thyroid function because it was a rapid; convinient, and reliable method for quantifying the free $T_4,\;T_3$ concentration in various thyroidal functional states.