• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.68-71
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• 2007

Quetiapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug with a benign side effect profile. However, recent studies have reported that thyroid dysfunction is associated with quetiapine treatment. The authors report a patient with DSM-IV bipolar I disorder who developed subclinical hypothyroidism during quetiapine treatment. The patient showed no significant clinical symptoms, but only abnormal thyroid function test findings including antithyroglobulin antibody. The abnormal thyroid function test findings were normalized after discontinuation of quetiapine. The subclinical hypothyroidism developed during quetiapine treatment may be associated with autoimmune process.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.154-155
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• 2009

A 45-year-old man presented with fatigue and weight loss underwent a Tc-99m MDP bone scan because of increased serum alkaline phosphatase. Delayed images at 4 hours demonstrated diffuse increased activity throughout both lobes of the thyroid in the absence of activity of the stomach and salivary glands. Thyroid laboratory indices and a Tc-99m pertechnetate thyroid scan suggested Graves' hyperthyroidism.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.235-241
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• 1998

In order to investigate the histological and immunohistochemical changes of thyroid glands, and serum osteocalcini estradiol, pmgesterone, follicular-stimulating hormone (FSH), and calcium levels in the osteoporotic rats induced by ovariectomy, normal(sham-operated group) and experimental groups(ovariectomized group) were divided. The experimental groups were subdivide6 to 5, 10, 15, and 20 weeks after ovariectomized groups. The histological structure of the thyroid gland were observed in normal structure throughout all experimental periods but the calcitonin-immunoreartive cells in the experimental groups were significantly decreased compared with normal groups and degranulations of calcitonin-immunoreactive cells were observed. Theses numbers were decreased with time after ovariectomy. However, the serum osteocalcin and FSH levels of experimental groups were significantly increased compared with normal groups and these levels were increased along with time after ovariectomy, but serum estradiol, progestemn and calcium levels of experimental group were significantly decreased compared with normal groups and these levels were decreased with time after ovariectomy.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.153-155
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• 2009

Ectopic thyroid glands generally occur in the midline as a result of abnormal median migration, and their presence lateral to the midline is extremly rare. We report a 83-year-old male with anaplastic carcinoma admix papillary carcinoma in the extrathyroid area. We suspected left lateral neck metastasis on preoperative fine needle aspiration result and computed tomography. the patient underwent total thyroidectomy and left selective neck dissection(level II, III, IV, V). The patient was diagnosed as having an ectopic thyroid gland on the lateral neck with anaplastic carcinoma admix papillry carcinoma. The patient is alive without incident of tumor recurrence at 5month after surgery and radiotherapy.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.70-74
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• 1976

In order to study the mechanism of biosynthesis of thyroid hormones, radioactive iodine was injected into the rats and thyroid glands were removed. Iodine compounds hydrolyzed by pancreatin viokase were separated by paper chromatography and analyzed by radioautography. Radioautograms showed that the uptake of iodine starts immediately and forms diiodotyrosine through monoiodotyrosine. Evidence supported the possibility that diiodotyrosine is a precursor of thyrosine and triiodothyronine is a degradation product of thyroxine. The rat administered propylthiouracil showed inorganic iodine concentration activity, while the binding activity was prevented.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.29-32
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• 2018

The parathyroid glands are usually located in the posterolateral area of the thyroid gland. Due to their embryologic origin, they are sometimes found in an ectopic position from the angle of the jaw to the mediastinum. However, their incidental detection in the hypopharyngeal wall is rare. Herein, we report a case of an ectopic parathyroid gland found in the hypopharyngeal wall of a 39-year old woman with no known endocrine abnormality.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.209-219
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• 1996

This study examined the effect of alcohol(AL) and/or paraquat(PQ) on serum TSH, thyroid hormones and enzyme activities, and the protective effect of selenium(SE) againse alcohol and/or paraquat-induced thyroid toxicity in guinea pigs. The experomental group consisted of control, 15% alcohol(AL), 4ppm sodium selentite(SE), 200ppm paraquat(PQ), AL+PQ, AL+SE, PQ+SE and AL+PQ+SE mixed in drinking water-fed guinea pigs for 4 weeks. The morphological changes of thyroid gland were studies on paraffin-embedded sections stained with H-E stain. Body weight losses, high serum concentration in TSH and cholesterol, and low values on triiodothyronine($T_3$), thyrozine($T_4$), free $T_4$ and alkaline phosophatase(ALP) were produced in the groups fed AL and/or PQ. We also noted that AL+PQ-fed group was marked increase in serum TSH. In AL or AL+PQ-fed groups when cpmpared to control group had increased the ratio of thyroid weight to body weight(ratio Twt/Bwt), whereas the ratio Twt/Bwt was decresed in SE or PQ-fed groups. However, the serum TSH, $T_3$,$T_4$ free $T_4$ and cholesterol values, and the ratio Twt/Bwt were reversed in groups given the combination of SE, compared with AL and/or Pq-fed groups, also ALP values were reversed in groups given the combination of SE, compared with AL or AL+PQ-fed groups. In microscope, morphological changes showed a remarkable between the AL or PQ-fed group and controls. In AL+PQ+SE-fed guinca pig, follicular colloid is high density in thyroid follicle and increased in connective tissue around the thyroid cells, and thyroidal epithelia were composed of cuboidal or columnar epithelium. The indicated that the morphological changes of thyroid were direct action in the thyroid cell. The results of this study confirmed that the toxic effect of AL or PQ on thyroid occur independently of changes in liver function, and that SE confers marked protection against AL or PQ-induced thyroid toxicity.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.222-225
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• 1999

Background and Objectives: Medullary thyroid carcinoma(MTC) is a rare tumor derived from the parafollicular C cells of the thyroid gland accounting for 5-10% of all thyroid malignancies. In Korea, there has been a few case report of medullary thyroid carcinoma(MTC) but their clinical analysis were not exactly studied. So, we made clinical study of 10 patients diagnosed as medullary thyroid carcinoma. Materials and Methods: We reviewed clinical data of 10 patients who were diagnosed as medullary thyroid carcinoma(MTC) from April 1973 to August 1998 at National Medical Center. Results: The incidence of MTC was 2.3% of all thyroid cancer and their mean age were 44.2 years old. Preoperative thyroid scan showed cold nodule in all patients and thyroid function test(TFT) was within normal range. Of the 10 patents, only 4 patients had diagnosis of MTC in preoperative fine needle aspiration biopsy. All the patients underwent total thyroidectomy with central neck dissection. Two patients with cervical lymph node metastasis underwent total thyroidectomy, central neck dissection and modified neck dissection. Two patients (20%) showed recurrence at the site of neck, lung, mediastinum, bone and liver. Conclusion: Most MTC is sporadic form and have peak incidence in the fifth decade and female preponderance. Preoperative fine needle aspiration biopsy is considered to be a clinically useful diagnostic method, but its accuracy is not considered as much high as others. Total thyroidectomy with central neck dissection may be an useful surgical modality in treating medullary thyroid carcinoma.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.513-519
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• 1996

The development of calcitonin, serotonin(5-HT) and bovine chromogranin (BCG)-immunoreactive cells was investigated in the thyroid glands of Korean native goat from fetus to adult, using an immunohistochemical method. Moderate number of calcitonin-immunoreactive cells were present in the thyroid glands from 1 month to 6 months after birth, whereas a few in the adult. They were not present in the thyroid glands of fetus and 1 day after birth. A number of 5-HT- and BCG-immunoreactive cells were present in the thyroid glands of Korean native goat from fetus to adult. They were increased in number with age. BCG-immunoreactive cells were weakly reacted in fetus and 1 day after birth, while these cell were strongly stained from 1 month to adult. These findings suggest that calcitonin-, 5-HT- and BCG-immunoreactive cells were present in the thyroid gland of Korean native goat.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2010

Purpose : We evaluated the absorbed doses to the organs and calculated the effective doses when using the digital panoramic radiography. Materials and Methods : The absorbed dose averages in major organs of oral and maxillofacial region were measured using the Dental head phantom (CIRS Co., USA), $^nLi_2B_4O_7$ TLD chip and UD-716AGL dosimeter (Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., JPN) when performing indirect and direct digital panoramic radiography. Effective doses were calculated from correspond to ICRP 2007 recommendations for two panoramic radiography. Results : The absorbed dose average on indirect and direct digital panoramic radiography was highest in parotid glands as measured 1259.6 mGy and 680.7 mGy respectively. Absorbed dose average in another organs were high in order of esophagus, submandibular gland, tongue and thyroid gland on both types of digital panoramic radiography. The absorbed dose average was higher on indirect type than direct one (p<0.05). The effective dose was higher on indirect type than direct one as measured 13.28 mSv and 8.70 mSv respectively. Conclusion : The absorbed doses in salivary gland and oral mucosa were high. However, thyroid gland also demands the attention on radiography due to high tissue weighting factor in spite of the low absorbed dose.