• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.571-583
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• 1983

Thymic tumor is the most common neoplasm originating in the anterior mediastinum. Histologically, thymic tumors and tumorlike conditions have been classified into thymic cyst, thymolipoma, true thymic hyperplasia, thymoma and carcinoid tumor of the thymus gland. We have experienced several tumors and a few tumorlike conditions of the thymus gland in 10 patients: thymoma 6, thymic hyperplasia 2, carcinoid tumor 1 and thymic cyst 1. The age distributions were ranging from 30 to 60 years except for one 3 year old child [malignant thymoma, lymphocytic type], and male to female ratio was 1:1.5. In 6 cases, thymic lesions were removed through lateral thoracic incision [right 2, left 4] because the mediastinal masses were growing far into the pleural space, meanwhile, medially located lesions [4 cases] through median sternotomy incision. Among these 10 patients, 3 were malignant thymomas, in which 2 were died of recurrence after tumor resection. Myasthenia gravis was all noted in 3 females [thymoma 2, thymic follicular hyperplasia 1], in which only two revealed remission in symptoms following thymectomy. The authors would like to recommend early radical thymectomy through median sternotomy incision whenever patients demonstrate suspicious thymic tumor lesions on the chest roentgenogram or generalized myasthenic symptoms.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.497-501
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• 1994

We have experienced a case of primary thymic carcinoma. A 39 year old female patient admitted with incidentally detected mediastinal mass on chest film.The tumor showed invasion to surrounding tissues and the mediastinal lymphadenopathies were also noted. Invasion to contiguous mediastinal structures made complete surgical extirplation impossible and the biposy findings revealed primary thymic carcinoma. Primary thymic carcinoma is a rare neoplasm originating from the thymic epithelial cells. Clinical behavior of the thymic carcinoma is much different from it`s benign counterpart and several pathologic variants were reported.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.736-743
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• 1986

Thymus gland is a kind of endocrine organ which secretes thymosin and thymoprotein. There can be developed variable lesions like thymoma, thymic hyperplasia, thymic cyst, thymolipoma, and carcinoid tumor of the thymus gland. We have experienced 25 patients of thymic disease: thymoma 12, thymic hyperplasia 11, thymic cyst 1, carcinoid tumor 1. The age distribution were ranged from 3 to 66 years and the sex ratio was 1:1.8 [male to female]. Thymectomy was performed in all cases, but 3 cases with deep infiltration to the adjacent structures were not resectable completely. Malignancy [all thymoma] were 5 and the rest were benign. Two cases were died of recurrence after tumor resection. Myasthenia gravis occurred in 10 cases. Among them, 2 were thymoma and 8 were thymic hyperplasia. We could obtained the result that thymectomized cases reached 2 remission and 5 improvement. Myasthenia gravis treated medically [18 cases] had no remission and only 2 clinical improvement. In the light of these results, early radical thymectomy would be most favorable treatment in not only thymic tumor, but generalized myasthenia gravis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.718-722
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• 1999

14세 여자 환자에서 무증상의 전종격동 낭성 종괴가 있어 절제적 생검을 시행하여 고분화성 흉선암종의 광범위한 낭성 변화로 확진되어 제1기의 흉선종을 완전 적출 후 방사선 치료 혹은 병합화학요법 없이 추후 흉부전산화단층촬영 예정으로 외래에서 경과 관찰 중인 1예를 경험하여 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.325-328
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• 2002

신경내분비 종양은 매우 드문 흉선 종양으로, Kultschizky 세포에서 유래하는 것으로 흉선종과는 다른 것으로 생각된다. 흥선 신경내분비 종양의 병리학적 진단은 광학 현미경 검사, 면역조직화학 염색 및 전자현미경의 소견을 바탕으로 한다. 흥선 유암종의 약 50%에서 내분비 질환을 가지며, 재발과 흉곽외 전이가 특징적이다. 초발 종양이나 재발의 경우에 외과적 절제가 가장 효과적이라고 생각되나, 항암치료나 방사선 치료의 역할은 분명하지 않다. 최근 외과적 절제가 시행된 흉선 신경내분비 종양을 경험하였기에 여기에 보고한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.5581-5585
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• 2012

Objective: To explore the relationship between computed tomography (CT) manifestations of thymoma and its WHO pathological classification. Methods: One hundred and five histopathologically confirmed cases were collected for their pathological and CT characteristics and results were statistically compared between different pathological types of thymoma. Results: Tumor size, shape, necrosis or cystic change, capsule integrity, invasion to the adjacent tissue, lymphadenopathy, and the presence of pleural effusion were significantly different between different pathological types of thymomas (P<0.05). Type B2, B3 tumors and thymic carcinomas were greater in size than other types. More than 50% of type B3 tumors and thymic carcinomas had a tumor size greater than 10 cm. The shape of types A, AB, and B1 tumors were mostly round or oval, whereas 75% of type B3 tumors and 85% of thymic carcinomas were irregular in shape. Necrosis or cystic change occurred in 67% of type B3 thymomas and 57% of thymic carcinomas, respectively. The respective figures for capsule destruction were 83% and 100%. Increases in the degree of malignancy were associated with increases in the incidence of surrounding tissue invasion: 33%, 75%, and 81% in type B2, type B3, and thymic carcinomas, respectively. Pleural effusion occurred in 48% of thymic carcinomas, while calcification was observed mostly in type B thymomas. Conclusions: Different pathological types of thymic epithelial tumors have different CT manifestations. Distinctive CT features of thymomas may reflect their pathological types.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.634-637
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• 2002

흉선 유암종 또는 흉선의 신경내분비 종양은 매우 드문 질환이며 재발이나 전이가 많아 예후가 좋지 못하다. 43세 남자 환자로 우측 흉부의 통증과 불편감으로 내원하였다. 단순 흉부 촬영상 우측 전종격동에 $7{\times}8$cm 크기의 종양을 발견하였으며 추가검사 후 수술적 절제를 시행하였다. 절제된 종괴는 조직학적, 면역조직화학적, 전자현미경적 소견상 흉선 낭종을 동반한 흉선의 비정형 유암종으로 진단 되었다. 수술 후 재발이나 전이 소견 없이 3개월째 외래 관찰중이다. 저자들은 흉선 낭종을 동반한 비정형 흉선유암종 1례를 치험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.458-464
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• 2011

Background : Advanced thymic cancer still remains as an intractable disease. The survival rate of advanced thymic cancer could be increased through chemotherapy and radiation, but the results have not been satisfactory. Objectives : To see whether wheel balanced therapy (WBT) has the therapeutic effects or not on advanced thymic cancer patient. Methods : A patient diagnosed with progression of thymic carcinoma with pleura metastasis visited the East-West Cancer Center (EWCC) on Feb 9th, 2011. The patient was treated with WBT for a period of 9 weeks from Feb 9th to Apr 16th. She stayed 6 weeks in hospital and took oriental medicine prescribed by EWCC. Computed tomography (CT) and blood test were used to evaluate the disease progression of the patient. Results : Mass of chest CT was stable for 2 months. The patient's quality of life improved during her hospital stay. Conclusions : This case study supports WBT may have efficacy in treating advanced thymic cancer patients.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.75-79
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• 2003

Ectopic cervical thymic tumor, first described in 1941 by Boman, is a rare tumor of the neck displaying the same histologic features as mediastinal thymoma. It was classified into benign thymoma, invasive (or malignant) thymoma, thymic carcinoma histopathologically and clinically. The ectopic cervical thymic tumor is misdianosed as the thyroidal mass on radiologic examination and FNA cytology due to its rarity and unusual location. Recently, we have experienced two cases of ectopic cervical thymic tumor misdiagnosed as thyroid mass ; a case of thymic carcinoma;the other of invasive thymoma. So, we report these cases with review of the literature.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.252-256
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• 2000

A thymic stromal cell line, TFGD, was established from a thymic tumor mass developed spontaneously in p53 knock out mouse, and was found to produce cytokines that could induce bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to differentiate into macrophages. The cytokines produced by the TFGD line were assessed by immunoassays. High level of macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-6 was detected in the TFGD-culture supernatant, whereas granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, or interferon (IFN)-$\gamma$ was undetectable. Blocking experiments showed that anti-M-CSF monoclonal antibody could neutralize the differentiation-inducing activity shown by the TFGD-culture supernatant. Dot blot analysis of the total RNA isolated from the cultured fetal thymic stromal cells showed that M-CSF transcripts were expressed in the normal thymus. These observations, together with the earlier finding that M-CSF plus IL-6 is the optimal combination of cytokines for the induction of macrophage differentiation from HSCs in vitro, may indicate that thymic macrophages could be generated within the thymus by cytokines involving M-CSF.