• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.901-910
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• 2003

The hydrologic behavior of paddy field depends largely on the irrigation and levee height management by farmers. The storage and drainage amount of paddy for storm events certainly influences the stream discharge. To understand the paddy storage effect during storm periods, a daily paddy water balance model embedding farmer's water management was developed by using 4 years (1996, 1997, 2001, 2002) field experimental data at 2 locations (Suwon and Yeoju) From the modeling, it was possible to simulate the daily ponding depth of paddy by treating paddy levee height and threshold pending depth indicating irrigation time as 10 days average parameters of the model. The storage amount(306.9 mm to 343.6 mm) showed little deviation to rainfall amount(425.1 mm to 850.8 mm).

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.2
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• pp.981-984
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• 2006

Oil pollution of the ocean is a major environmental problem, especially in its coastal zones. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) flown on satellites, such as ERS-2 and Envisat, has been proved to be a useful tool in oil spill monitoring due to its wide coverage, day and night, and all-weather capability. The total 120 SAR images containing oil spill over the East China Sea were collected and analyzed, ranging in date from July 23, 2002 to November 11, 2005. After preprocessed, SAR images were segmented by adaptive threshold method. The oil spill images were incorporated into GIS after distinguished from look-like phenomena, finally we presented the oil spills distribution map for the East China Sea. The wide-swath and quick-looks SAR imagery for mapping of oil spill distribution over large marine areas were proved to be useful when full resolution data are not available. After the temporal and spatial distribution of the oil spills were analyzed, we found that most of oil spills were distributed along the main ship routes, which means the illegal discharge by ships, and the occurrence of oil spill detected on SAR images acquired during morning and summer is much higher than during evening and winter.

• Journal of Neurocritical Care
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.102-109
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• 2018

Background: A sians were known to have a relatively lower incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE), and there is insufficient evidence to suggest a specific D-dimer threshold level for screening VTE in patients with acute stroke. Methods: We prospectively enrolled patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to Jeju National University Hospital. The inclusion criteria were: 1) aged ${\geq}18$ years, 2) admission within seven days of symptom onset, and 3) an initial National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score >1 for the affected lower limb. Ultrasound scans of the lower limbs and plasma D-dimer assays were performed on days 7-14 and 15-28 after stroke onset. Results: Of 285 patients admitted during the study period, 52 patients met inclusion criteria (mean age 74.5, male 40.4%, median initial NIHSS score 12, and unable to walk unassisted at discharge 76.9%). During 7-14 days, 23 of 52 patients (44.2%) had a D-dimer level above 1.57 mg/L, and 9.6% had a level above 5.50 mg/L. Proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was detected in 3 patients (5.8%, 95% confidence Interval 1.2-16.0%) on ultrasound examination. All DVTs were found in elderly female patients with severe leg weakness. No patient was diagnosed with pulmonary embolism during the study period. Conclusion: The incidence of VTE seems to be very low among Korean patients with acute ischemic stroke. Advanced age, female sex, and severe leg weakness were important risk factors for developing DVT in this study.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.100-104
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to observe the effectiveness of the Korean medical complex treatments for functional dyspepsia (FD). And we observed NDI-K (Nepean dyspepsia index-Korean version) and algometer on acupoints to confirm the treatment effectiveness. In this retrospective study, we investigated 77 patients with FD symptoms who admitted to 00 Korean Hospital for 2 weeks from April 14, 2020 to March 31, 2021. All patietns were treated with herbal medicines, acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, moxa treatment, aroma therapy, So-jeok and So-jeok II therapy. On the day of admission and discharge, NDI-K, algometer on acupoints (CV12, CV10, ST25, ST27, SP14) were examined twice. Among the NDI-K values, all 14 items except for poor breathing were decreased statistically significantly. The algometer values were increased statistically significantly in all acupoints (CV12, CV10, ST25, ST27, SP14). These results suggest that Korean medical treatment can be useful in the treatment of FD.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.33-44
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• 2006

Background: Peripheral nerve injury leads to neuropathic pain, including mechanical hyperalgesia (MH). Nerve discharges produced by an injury to the primary afferents cause the release of glutamate from both central and peripheral terminals. While the role of centrally released glutamate in MH has been well studied, relatively little is known about its peripheral role. This study was carried out to determine if the peripherally conducting nerve impulses and peripheral glutamate receptors contribute to the generation of neuropathic pain. Methods: Rats that had previously received a left L5 dorsal rhizotomy were subjected to a spinal nerve lesion (SNL) or brief electrical stimulation (ES, 4 Hz pulses for 5 min) of the left L5 spinal nerve. The paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) to von Frey filaments was measured. The effects of an intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of a glutamate receptor (GluR) antagonist or agonist on the changes in the SNL- or ES-produced PWT was investigated. Results: SNL produced MH, as evidenced by decrease in the PWT, which lasted for more than 42 days. ES also produced MH lasting for 7 days. MK-801 (NMDAR antagonist), DL-AP3 (group-I mGluR antagonist), and APDC (group-II mGluR agonist) delayed the onset of MH when an i.pl. injection was given before SNL. The same application blocked the onset of ES-induced MH. NBQX (AMPA receptor antagonist) had no effect on either the SNL- or ES-induced onset of MH. When drugs were given after SNL or ES, MK-801 reversed the MH, whereas NBQX, DL-AP3, and APDC had no effect. Conclusions: Peripherally conducting impulses play an important role in the generation of neuropathic pain, which is mediated by the peripheral glutamate receptors.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 2020

A reservoir is defined as an artificial facility that stores and controls water during floods and droughts. Korea has constructed and managed reservoirs all over the country to benefit farming communities. The importance of reservoirs has decreased gradually due to urbanization and the spread of tap water, but the importance of water is increasing because of the recent shortage of water and the resulting rise in the price of water resources. Therefore, this study suggests countermeasures through an analysis of the used threshold for agricultural reservoirs. To this end, the forecast of rainfall up to 2100 was first analyzed using flood estimates and RCP scenarios through rainwater data collection. The increase in the RCP 8.5 scenario, the largest increase in the probability rainfall, was calculated by adding it to the current probability rainfall, and it was predicted that the marginal height of Odong Dam would reach its limit in 2028. Therefore, as a countermeasure against this, the measures to secure effective water storage were suggested through measures, such as lowering the height of Yeosu and installing movable beams. Overall, it is expected that effective management of the reservoirs used for agriculture will be possible in the future.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.25-32
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• 2021

In this study, it proposes a mode converter that is relatively easy to implement and can shorten the transmission line length of the final combining port and it was fabricated and tested by applying it to an 8-way spatial combiner. The proposed mode converter converts the signal converted from the doorknob-shaped circular disk connected to the ground into the TM₀₁ mode by opening it in the circular waveguide. The 8-way waveguide spatial combiner is designed and implemented so that 8 signals input from the H-plane are combined in a circular waveguide at the center, and the final combining mode is TM₀₁. The test results confirmed excellent performance with an insertion loss of less than 0.4dB and a combining efficiency of 95% or more. In addition, it was confirmed that it is suitable for high output by calculating the breakdown voltage and discharge threshold power of the new mode conversion structure through electric field analysis. The results confirmed through this study are expected to be applicable to high-power, high-efficiency SSPA in various fields in the future.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.8-17
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• 2023

In conventional liquid crystal display(LCD) manufacturing process, Indium Tin Oxide(ITO) as transparent electrode and rubbing process of polyimide as alignment layer are essential process to apply electric field and align liquid crystal molecules. However, there are some limits that deposition of ITO requires high vacuum state, and rubbing process might damage the device with tribolectric discharge. In this paper, we made nanocomposite with PEDOT:PSS and MWNT to replace ITO and constructed alignment layer by nano imprint lithography with nano wrinkle pattern, to replace rubbing process. These replacement made that only one PEDOT:PSS/MWNT film can function as two layers of ITO and polyimide alignment layer, which means simplification of process. Transferred nano wrinkle patterns functioned well as alignment layer, and we found out lowered threshold voltage and shortened response time as MWNT content increase, which is related to increment of electric conductivity of the film. Through this study, it may able to contribute to process simplification, reducing process cost, and suggesting a solution to disadvantage of rubbing process.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.331-393
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• 2010

Psychiatrists who treat violent or potentially violent patients may be sue for failure to control aggressive outpatients and for the discharge of violent inpatients. Psychiatrists may be sued for failing to protect society from the violent acts of their patients if it was reasonable for the psychiatrists to have known or should have known about the patient's violent tendencies and if the psychiatrists could have done something that could have safeguarded in public. The courts of a number of jurisdictions have imposed a duty to protect the potential victims of a third party on persons or institutions with a special relationship to that party. In the landmark case of Tarasoff v Regents of University of California, the California Supreme Court held that the special relationship between a psychotherapist and a patient imposes on the therapist a duty to act reasonably to protect the foreseeable victims of the patient. Under Tarasoff, when a therapist has determined, or under applicable professional standards should determine, that a patient poses a serious threat of violence to another, he incurs an obligation to use reasonable care to protect the intended victim against such danger. In addition to a Tarasoff type of action based on a duty to warn or protect foreseeable victims of psychiatric outpatients, courts have also imposed liability on mental health care providers based on their custody of patients known to have violent propensities. The legal duty in such a case has been stated to be that where the course of treatment of a mental patient involves an exercise of "control" over him by a physician who knows or should know that the patient is likely to cause bodily harm to others, an independent duty arises from that relationship and falls on the physician to exercise that control with such reasonable care as to prevent harm to others at the hands of the patient. After going through a period of transition, from McIntosh, Thompson and Brady case, finally, the narrow rule of requiring a specific or foreseeable threat of violence against a specific or identifiable victim is the standard threshold or trigger element in the majority of states. Judgements on these kinds of cases are not enough yet in Korea, so that it may be too early to try find principles in these cases, however it is hardly wrong to read the same reasons of Tarasoff in the judgements of Korea district courts. To specific, whether a psychiatric institute was liable for violent behavior toward others depends upon the patients conditions, circumstances and the extent of the danger the patients poses to others; in short, the foreseeability of a specific or identifiable victim. In this context if a patient exhibit strong violent behavior toward others, constant observation should be required. Negligence has been found not exist, however, when a patient abruptly and unexpectedly attack others or unidentifiable victim. And the standard of conduct that is required to meet the obligation of "due care" is based on what the "reasonable practitioner" would do in like circumstances. The standard is not one of excellence or superior practice; it only requires that the physician exercise that degree of skill and care that would be expected of the average qualified practitioner practicing under like circumstances. All these principles have been established in cases of the U.S.A and Japan. In this article you can find the reasons which you can use for psychotherapist's liability for failure to protect third person in Korea as practitioner.