• 제목/요약/키워드: three- yin-three-yang

검색결과 195건 처리시간 0.032초

A study on the influence of interaction of virtual reality consumption pattern on consumers' purchase intention under the background of VR technology

  • Liu, Xiao-Yin;Liu, Jia-Yu;Liu, Zi-yang
    • 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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    • 제26권5호
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    • pp.141-148
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    • 2021
  • 본 연구의 목적은 VR 기술을 토대로 하는 가상현실 소비 패턴의 상호작용 및 소비자의 구매 의도에 미치는 영향을 연구하고자 하는 것입니다. 본 연구의 3개 독립변수는 콘텐츠 상호 작용, 기능적 상호 작용, 서비스 상호 작용이고 2개의 매개 변수는 지각된 품질과 지각된 가치이며 이들과 소비자의 구매 의도 간의 관계를 분석하고자 한다. 연구 과정에서는 SPSS24.0 및 AMOS24.0 소프트웨어를 사용하였으며, 신뢰성과 타당성 분석, 그리고 구조 방정식 모델을 통해 가설 검증을 수행하였다. 연구 결과에 따르면 14개의 가설이 모두 성립되며 VR 기술의 지각된 가치가 소비자의 구매 의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다. 또한 분석을 통해 지각된 가치가 매개 효과가 있는 것으로 확인할 수 있다.

Temperature Effect on the Growth Parameters of Rice during Vegetative Period

  • Yin Myat Myat Min;Seo-Young Yang;Hyeon-Seok Lee;Myeong-Gu Choi;Chung-Gun Lee;Woon-Ha Hwang
    • 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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    • pp.133-133
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    • 2022
  • Temperature is a crucial environmental factor for rice cultivation due to the climate change and can influence the rice growth and development. Therefore, the effect of temperature on plant growth characters was examined during the vegetative stage. Plants were grown under three different temperatures: 23℃/13℃ for 18℃, 26℃/16℃ for 21℃ and 29℃/19℃ for 24℃ in the phytotron. The temperature was treated after transplanting and ended in early panicle initiation stage. Heading date of the two varieties were strongly affected by the temperature and were delayed in the 18℃. The plant height in the 18℃ was 21 % shorter than the 21℃ and 24℃ and the tiller and leaf number were increased in the 18℃. All the growth rates of the characters were the slowest in 18℃. The stem dry weight was significantly increased in 18℃. Nitrogen content was increased in the leaves of 18℃ whereas available phosphate and potassium content was found to be increased in the stems of 21℃ and 24℃. OsNRT 2.1 was overexpressed in the leaves and stems of 18℃ and OsNRT2.3a could be expressed in 18℃ and 21℃ temperatures whereas more expressed in 21℃. OsPT1 and OsPT6 could be expressed in the leaf of 18℃ and 24℃ but could be expressed in the stem of 18℃. OsHAK1 and OsHAK5 could be overexpressed in the leaves and stems of 18℃. For hormone, OsCKX2 gene was found to be up regulated in the leaves of 18℃ and OsIAA1 gene could be expressed more in the stem of 24℃.

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이제마(李濟馬)의 형상관(形象觀)에 대한 의사학적(醫史學的)인 고찰(考察) (Studies on the medical histological point of view of Lee Je-ma's "Hyung Sang")

  • 하만수;송일병
    • 사상체질의학회지
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    • 제11권1호
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    • pp.25-40
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    • 1999
  • 이제마(李濟馬)는 사상인(四象人)의 장부성리(臟腑性理)와 그에 해당하는 사상인(四象人)의 외형(外形)을 발견하며 사상체질론(四象體質論)을 성립시켰다. 사상인(四象人)을 감별하는 변증(辯證)에 있어 용모사기(容貌詞氣)와 체질기상(體質氣象), 성질재간(性質才幹), 지행(知行)의 취상판증(取象辦證) 방법을 제시하면서 형상(形象)을 이용한 형상의학(形象醫學) 정신을 제시하고 있다. 따라서 이제마(李濟馬)의 형상관(形象觀)은 사상의학(四象醫學)을 이해하는데 중요한 단서가 된다고 할 수 있다. 저자는 동무공(東武公)의 형상관(形象觀)이 이루어진 배경을 알아보기 위해 주역(周易)과 중용(中庸) 그리고 주돈신의 태극도설(太極圖說)의 정신을 의사학적으로 비교하고 격치고(格致藁), 동무유고(東武遺藁), 동의수세보원초본권(東醫壽世保元草本卷)에 나타난 형상관(形象觀)과 비교 고찰하고자 한다. 형상(形象)은 형(形과) 상(象)으로 구분하여 볼 수 있는데 형(形)은 가시적으로 나타나는 눈에 보이는 것을 말하고, 상(象)은 공통적인 분모로 유추하여 간접적인 그림자로 느낄 수 있는 것을 말한다. 따라서 눈에 보이는 물상(物象)과 눈에 보이지 않는 의상(意象), 정신적인 면도 형상화 할 수 있다. 이제마(李濟馬)의 형상관(形象觀)이 형성되는 과정을 살펴보면 우선 시전(詩傳)에 유물유칙(有物有則)인데 물(物)은 형기(形氣)이고 칙(則)은 이(理)이다라는 말이 있는고 초본권(草本卷)에 보면 유물유칙(有物有則)에서 인형(人形)은 물(物)이고 인성(人性)은 칙(則)이라고 하였다. 형기(形氣)와 인형(人形)은 상(象)이 되고 이(理)와 인성(人性)은 상(象)이 나타나는 내재적인 이치가 되는 것이다. 이것을 황로학파(黃老學派)의 내경(內景)과 동의보감(東醫保鑑)의 기리형표(氣裏形表)라는 말에 비교하여 말하면 이상상표(理喪象表)라 할 수 있다. 이제마(李濟馬)는 주역(周易)을 유학적(儒學的)으로 해석한 공자(孔子) 이후의 의리학파(義理學派)의 개념과 도교적(道敎的)인 음양오행(陰陽五行)사상을 유학(儒學)적으로 해석한 주돈신, 중용(中庸)의 재물(載物), 복물(覆物), 성물(成物)의 개념과 유학(需學)적 요약정신(要約精神)을 계승하여, 황로학파(黃老學派)의 상수역학적(象數易學的)인 수리적(數理的)인 음양오행(陰陽五行)사상은 받아들이지 않고 취상정신(取象精神)만 받아들여 사심신물(事心身物)의 사상(四象)만으로도 모든 사물과 의학을 설명할 수 있다고 보아 사상의학(四象醫學)을 제시하였고 그 방법으로 형상의학정신(形象醫學精神)을 도입했다고 볼 수 있다. 결론은 다음과 같다. 1. 주역(周易)의 해석방법(解析方法)에 수리(數理)와 상(象)을 수단으로 하는 상수역학(象數易學)과 괘(卦)의 의미(意味)를 성정(性情)이나 괘덕(卦德)으로 설명하는 의리역학(義理易學)으로 나눌 수 있다. 2. 이제마(李濟馬)의 형상관(形象觀)은 주역(周易)의 유교적(偏敎的) 해석의 도입과정에서 중용(中庸)에 나타난 요약 정신을 바탕으로 이루어진 새로운 사상학적(四象學的) 인식체계라 할 수 있다. 3. 주역(周易)은 천(天), 지(地), 인(人) 삼재(三才)에 음양(險陽)을 배경으로 하여 상(象)과 수(數)로써 사물을 설명하고 있는데 이제마(李濟馬)의 형상관(形象觀)은 천(天), 지(地), 지(知), 행(行)의 사재(四才)에 사상적(四象的) 요약정신인 사심신물(四心身物)의 배경을 통하여 수(數)보다는 상(象)을 이용하여 사물을 인식하고 있다. 4. 사상의학(四象醫學)에서 사상변증(四象辯證)의 방법에는 음양론(陰陽論)이나 대대적(待對的)인 설명보다는 사상적(四象的) 요약정신의 형상관(形象觀)으로 설명되고 있는데 이는 인체를 구조(構造)와 기능(機能)을 동시에 설명하는 방법이다.

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『태극도통감』의 도상을 통해 본 대순사상의 '선·후천' 개념 (The Concept of 'the Former World and the Later World' in Daesoon Thought as Introduced via the Diagrams of The Comprehensive Mirror of Taegeukdo)

  • 이봉호
    • 대순사상논총
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    • 제47집
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    • pp.65-103
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    • 2023
  • 대순사상의 핵심 경전인 『전경』에는 선천과 후천을 상극의 시대와 상생의 시대로 구분한다. 이러한 선천과 후천 개념은 『태극도통감』에서는 역학의 도상으로 나타난다. 역학에서 선천과 후천은 송대 도서역의 주요한 개념이다. 역학의 도상에서 「복희8괘차서도」, 「복희8괘방위도」, 「복희64괘차서도」, 「복희64괘방위도」는 선천에 해당하고, 「문왕8괘차서도」, 「문왕8괘방위도」 등은 후천에 해당한다. 『태극도통감』에서는 이 역학의 도상들을 대순사상에 따라 재해석한다. 「문왕시대 팔괘도」는 역학에서 「문왕팔괘도」에 해당한다. 이 도상은 「설괘전」 제5장의 경문에 따라 그려진 도상이다. 이 도상은 곤(坤)을 중심으로 한 "지존시대(地尊時代)"에 해당한다. 역학의 「복희팔괘방위도」는 대순사상에서 「복희시대 팔괘방위도」에 해당한다. 이 도상에서 가장 큰 특징은 동서남북 정방위에서 남북 방위에 배당된 괘가 천지비괘라는 것이다. 이는 비괘(否卦)가 음양의 교류와 소통이 전혀 일어나지 않는 괘상을 의미한다. 당연히 이는 음양의 상극을 상징한다. 이를 대순사상에서는 "천존시대(天尊時代)"라고 표현한다. 『태극도통감』의 「정역시대 팔괘도」의 도상의 가장 큰 특징은 동서남북 정방위에서 남북 방위에 배당된 괘가 지천태괘(地天泰卦)이다. 이는 감리괘가 정방위에서 벗어나 있어 오행에서 상극이 해소된 도상이다. 그래서 이 도상은 "어떠한 상극의 이치도 없는(全無相克之理)" 세상이자 "인존시대(人尊時代)"를 상징한다. 『전경』의 내용에 따르면, 상제께서 선천의 상극을 바로 잡는 삼계공사를 행하시고, 이 삼계공사의 결과로 후천 세계의 상생 도가 구현된다. 상제의 삼계공사는 신명계에서 행한 일이지만, 이는 후천 세계에서는 상생의 도가 구현되는 선경으로 나타난다. 이러한 후천의 세계를 도상으로 구현한 것이 『태극도통감』의 「정역시대 팔괘도」이다.

황제내경(黃帝內經)의 맥(脈) 이론(理論)과 진맥법(診脈法)의 변화(變化)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (A Study of Mac(脈)-Theory and Change of Mac(脈)-Diagnosis in Whang Di Nei Qing(黃帝內經))

  • 나경찬;박현국
    • 동국한의학연구소논문집
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.73-105
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    • 1993
  • To say nothing of the orient and the west, the human beings discover the method of Jin Mac(診脈) by the way that observe disease. But oriental medicine devise special method of Jin Mac(診脈) in the study of Kyoung Mac(經脈). Although sip-ei Kyoung Mac Jin(十二經脈診), Sam Bu Gu Who Jin(三部九候診), In Young Mac Gu Jin(人迎脈口診), Chon Kwan Chuck Jin(寸關尺診) namely Yuk Bu Jung Wee Jin Mac (六部定位診脈) that is used today are devised, it has changed naturally by the changing treatment and the introduction of Yuin Yang(陰陽) and five element(五行). Many methods dg Jin Mac(診脈), it had not developped successing alternative, it had developped of declined by it's own way. 1. Results for the birth of Mac(脈) 1) Mac(脈), it means Kyoung Mac(經脈), at first entirelly Mac(脈), is seized a blood vessel that flows in the body. As presumed today, after finding many acupunture point, a general idea of Mac(脈) is not maked by the line that connect point and point, it connect between acupunture point and acupunture point. 2) Like blood flows in Hyul Mac(血脈), Gie(氣) flows in Kyoung Mac(經脈). The two things relate deeply each other. In a general idea or actrally Kyoung Rak(經洛), the two things sometimes accord, sometimes seperate, sometimes mix alternative. 3) Hyul Mac(血脈) and Kyoung Mac(經脈), we call it Mac(脈) entirely Kyoung Mac(經脈), is a way that manifest disease through Kyoung Mac(經脈) or a boundary that disease belongs to it method of Mac Jin(脈診) individual that disease of Kyoung Mac(經脈) is diagnosed by the jumping situation of Hyul Mac(血脈). 4) In method of Moxa, athough the pathology and the diagnostic of Mac(脈) are created by finding Mac(脈). Finding acupunture have opportunitty fot Mac Jin(脈診) and treatment. 2. Results of Kyoung Mac Mac Jin(經脈脈診) 1) In theory of kyoung Rak(經洛), disease are resumed for malfunction of Young Wee(榮衛) that flows in Kyung Rak(經洛). So to speak, in treatment of Kyoung Rak area, the purpose of diagnosis observe the situation of disease and cause. For fitting the purpose of diagnosis, the dead had esatablised four-diagnosis method mangMunMnnJeul(望聞問切), in four-diagnosis(四診法), the core is Mac Jin(脈診). 2) sip-ei Kyoung Mac Mac Jin(十二經脈診) had existed as Kyoung Mac Mac Jin(經脈脈診), it precedes Sam Bu Gu Who Jin(三部九候診). In Young Ki Gu Mac(人迎脈口診). 3) Although Bu Yang Mac(趺陽脈), So Um Mac(少陰脈) is a part of Sip-ei Kyoung Mac(十二經脈診), they developped especially because they located in the point of Won Hyul(原穴) and they are convenient for diagnose. 4) Sip-ei Kyoung Mac Mac Jin(十二經脈診), which belongs to Bu Yang Mac(趺陽脈) and So Urn Mac(少陰脈), is not important for the comming age medical books compared with Mac Kyoung(脈經). 3. Results gor Sam Bu Gu Who Jin(三部九候診) 1) Mac Jin(脈診) of Sam Bu Gu Who(三部九候), which is noted in the theory of Sam Bu Gu Who(三部九候診) of So Mun(素問), belongs to Kyoung Mac Mac Jin's(經脈脈診) geneology, Sip-ei Kyoung Mac Mac Jin(十二經脈診) is arranged, simplicated by the idealogy three talents(三才思想) in the heaven and the earth. 2) What Sam Bu Gu Jin(三部九候診) is regardded as very important in So Mun(素問), the editor of So Mun(素問) recognize the meaning that one discover disease early in this method of diagnosis. 3) After Young chu(靈樞), Nan Kyoung(難經) it is lacked the method of Sam Bu Gu Who Jin(三部九候診) in the books that treatment has changed. Sam Bu Gu Who Jin(三部九候診) based on actually clinic appropriate. 4. results for In Young Mac Gu Jin(人迎脈口診) 1) In Young Mac Gu Jin(人迎脈口診) is the method of comparative Mac Jin(脈診) according to the theory of Yin Yang(陰陽), it is presumed after Sam Bu Gu Who Jin(三部九候診), it had perished in parallel with the development of the theory of five elelment(五行). The development of the acupunture, the perishment of the treatment of negative(刺絡). 2) In Young Mac Gu Jin(人迎脈口診), Wang Suk Wha(王叔和) recreated that the left is In Young(人迎), the right is Kie Gu(氣口). In future generations by Jin Mu Taek(陳無擇) who is the writer of Sam In Bang(三因方). In Young Mac Gu Jin(人迎脈口診) is a measure for disease which classify it's inside and outside cause. 5. Results for Chon Gu Mac Jin(寸口脈診) 1) What we say Mac Jin(脈診) of Chon Gu(寸口) two means are used in commn. First case, we simply say the area of Chon Gu(寸口), second case, we say Chon Kwan Chuk Jin(寸口尺診) reducingly. Chon Gu(寸口) is the area which is the radial artery of wrist joint. What we attemp diagnose by only Chon Gu Mac(寸口脈), it is clearly shoued in the method of Nan Kyoung, five Nan(難經五難). 2) Because Jin Mac(診脈) is made in only Chon Gu(寸口), that is the area in which is concentated Kyoung Kee(經氣). That is the birth of Jin Kee(眞氣) and Jin Kee(眞氣) is related with disease. We can diagnose disease by taking Chon Gu(寸口). 3) Chuk Jin(尺診) in Nae Kyoung(難經) have two things. One is Il Chuk(一尺), the other is Chon Kwan Chu(寸關尺). 4) Chuk Chon Jin(尺寸診) is the method which diagnose the difference of point and the condition of Mac(脈) by dividing a part of Chuk(尺) in the area of Chon Gu(寸口). In Chon Gu Jin(寸口診), by introducing the theory of Yin Yang(陰陽), the method of Chon Gu Jin(寸口診) is developed by chon Gu Jin(寸口診). 5) What Chuk Kwan Chon Jin(寸關尺診) is that area of the Chon Gu(寸口) are divided fot three point, we can diagnose. By consulting Sam Bu Gu Who Jin(三部九候診), developping of the method of acupunture, utilzing the theory of five element(五行) it is devised by concentrating way of thinking of the method mac Jin(脈診) exiting. 6) Chon Kwan Chuk Jin MaC(寸關尺診脈) begin from Nae Kyoung(內徑) exiting. After Nan Kyoung(內徑), spread out widely from Mac Kyoung(脈診) of Wang Suk wha(王叔和), the future medicins followed it. Yang Hyun Jo(楊玄操) and established Chon Kwan Chuk Jin(寸關尺診) which is used widely today. This right and left Chon Kwan Chuk Jin(寸關尺診), we call it method of Yuk Bu Jung Wee Jin Mac(六部定位診脈). 7) We can think the base which presume the arrangement of the viscera for Chon Kwan Chuk(寸關尺) of the right and the left. 8) The origin, which seperate the right and the left of Mac(脈), is showed at the treory of Ji Jin Yo Dae(至眞要大論) in So Mun(素問) which Chon Chuk(寸尺) seperate the right and the left. But the method of diagnosis in Nan Kyoung(難經) have no seperation the fight and the left. Otherwise this. there is clearly writtened the seperation for the right origin of the method of Yuk Bu Jung Wee Jin Mac(六部定位診脈) seek for Cang Gong(倉公). 9) Yang Hyun Jo(楊玄操) notice that the Chuk(尺) is mentioned for Sam Cho(三焦) in the method of Mac Kyuong(脈經), Sim Po Kyung(心包經) which put together with Sam Cho(三焦) allot on this, he had established the method of Yuk Bu Jung Wee Jin Mac(六部定位診脈). 10) On the method of Paen Jak Yin Yang Mac(扁鵲陰陽脈) in Mac Kyoung(脈經), equal article exist with the theory of Pyung In Kee Sang(平人氣象論) in So Mun(素問). When Wang Suk Wha(王叔和) write Mac Kyung(脈經), we can presume that the book of Mac(脈) which Paen Jak(扁鵲) had experienced the origin have exited besides So Mun(素問), Young Chu(靈樞). If so he must be make Chon Kwan Chuk Jin(寸關尺診) very fairly standard. So Nae Kyoung(內經), which must be fllowed the method of Paen Jak Mac(扁鵲脈), do the method diagnosis of Chon Kwan Chuk(寸關尺), diagnise of disease and treat.

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Effects of a Stair-step Growth Pattern on Improvements in Meat Quality and Growth in Hanwoo Steers

  • Li, Z.H.;Lee, H.G.;Xu, C.X.;Hong, Z.S.;Jin, Y.C.;Yin, J.L.;Zhang, Q.K.;Piao, D.C.;Yang, U.M.;Choi, Y.J.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제23권11호
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    • pp.1427-1435
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    • 2010
  • The present study was conducted to examine the effect of a stair-stepped feed intake pattern on growth, feed efficiency, and meat quality of Hanwoo steers. Twenty-seven 11-month-old Hanwoo steers were randomly divided into three groups. The control group was fed according to the Korean steer feeding program, and the other two groups were fed according to an alternated feeding schedule of 3-2-4-2 months. During the first three months of the experiment, treatment group 1 (T1) and treatment group 2 (T2) were fed 20% and 30% less than the control group, respectively. For the following two months, the T1 group was fed 20% more than the control group while the T2 group was fed 20% less than the control group. In the third step, T1 and T2 groups were fed 20% and 10% less, respectively, than the control group for four months. In the last two months, T1 and T2 groups were fed 20% more than the control group. After the stair-step feeding trial, steers were fed concentrated feed ad libitum for five months. The altered feed intake pattern did not affect daily body weight gain. However, daily feed intake tended to decrease and growth efficiency tended to increase in the two treatment groups compared to the control group. Altered feed intake also affected blood metabolite levels. The serum glucose and BUN level of the T1 group increased in the first re-fed period compared to the T2 and control groups. The serum cholesterol level of the T2 group decreased in the first restricted-re-fed growth period compared to the T1 and control groups. The serum NEFA levels of the two treatment groups increased from the first restricted period compared to the controls. The serum insulin level of the T2 group increased in the last period compared to the T1 and control groups. Regarding meat yield index, the control group was significantly higher than the T2 group (p<0.05). Regarding meat yield grade, the carcass back fat thickness of the T2 group was significantly higher than the control group (p<0.05). In marbling score, the T1 group was the highest (4.9), followed by the control group (4.1) and the T2 group (4.0). These results indicate that using a stair-stepped growth pattern (T1) can contribute to improvements in growth efficiency and muscle marbling.

"황제내경영추(黃帝內經靈樞)"에 기재된 삼초(三焦)에 관한 소고(小考) (A Study on San Jiao(三焦) stated on "Ling Shu(靈樞)")

  • 하홍기;김기욱;박현국
    • 대한한의학원전학회지
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    • 제24권4호
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    • pp.43-53
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    • 2011
  • According to the result about 'San Jiao(三焦)'recorded on "Yellow Empero's Canon Internal Medicine Ling Shu(黃帝內經 靈樞)", we achieved following results. 1. As we consider the concept of 'San Jiao' recorded on "Ling Shu", in early time, it was related to bladder(膀胱) and there was no divided concept into 'Shang Jiao(上焦)', 'Zhong Jiao(中焦)' and 'Xia Jiao(下焦)'. Later, there was appearance of body metabolism concept in anatomic way and started to emphasize that stomach(胃) is the very beginning of digestion. This point then adjusted into the concept which the core theory of digestion and water metabolism begins with 'Zhong Jiao' and processes to 'Shang Jiao' and 'Xia Jiao' then it established the 'San Jiao' theory adjusted to the functional change than property change. Later as there is set theoretical structure of 'three Yin and three Yang(三陰三陽)', it included the concept of 'San Jiao' onto meridian system theory to complete as a theory. Finally, it completed the theoretical structure that 'San Jiao' runs water metabolism of circulation, body fluid and urine for body to produce blood and Qi to protect and provide nutrition to the human body. 2. From the point of each part, 'San Jiao' means all body composition factor related to the relation to the digestion and water metabolism to produce Qi and blood. Also, the details of entire function of 'San Jiao' tells that 'Zhong Jiao' intakes food and divides the clarity and turbidity of digested substances. The origin of this digestion and water metabolism lies at Xia Jiao. The clean substance including the mood and taste climbs via Shang Jiao. The vapor like substance climbed to Shang Jiao becomes 'defensive Qi(衛氣)' and controls body temperature and sweat by supporting and spreading the Qi by Shang Jiao. The liquid substance climbed to Shang Jiao becomes blood. The blood has stronger character as substance than defensive Qi so Zhong Jiao becomes the base and the way for the blood. The turbid Qi separated at Zhong Jiao passes large intestine and the solid substance is excreted and the liquid is absorbed into bladder. The Xia Jiao that controls this process controls the liquid state of water matabolism so control the urine with bladder. Therefore, 'San Jiao' can be understood as a general concept that controls entire water metabolism as a way of food, Qi and blood.

Polymorphisms in the Perilipin Gene May Affect Carcass Traits of Chinese Meat-type Chickens

  • Zhang, Lu;Zhu, Qing;Liu, Yiping;Gilbert, Elizabeth R.;Li, Diyan;Yin, Huadong;Wang, Yan;Yang, Zhiqin;Wang, Zhen;Yuan, Yuncong;Zhao, Xiaoling
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제28권6호
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    • pp.763-770
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    • 2015
  • Improved meat quality and greater muscle yield are highly sought after in high-quality chicken breeding programs. Past studies indicated that polymorphisms of the Perilipin gene (PLIN1) are highly associated with adiposity in mammals and are potential molecular markers for improving meat quality and carcass traits in chickens. In the present study, we screened single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in all exons of the PLIN1 gene with a direct sequencing method in six populations with different genetic backgrounds (total 240 individuals). We evaluated the association between the polymorphisms and carcass and meat quality traits. We identified three SNPs, located on the 5' flanking region and exon 1 of PLIN1 on chromosome 10 (rs315831750, rs313726543, and rs80724063, respectively). Eight main haplotypes were constructed based on these SNPs. We calculated the allelic and genotypic frequencies, and genetic diversity parameters of the three SNPs. The polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.2768 to 0.3750, which reflected an intermediate genetic diversity for all chickens. The CC, CT, and TT genotypes influenced the percentage of breast muscle (PBM), percentage of leg muscle (PLM) and percentage of abdominal fat at rs315831750 (p<0.05). Diplotypes (haplotype pairs) affected the percentage of eviscerated weight (PEW) and PBM (p<0.05). Compared with chickens carrying other diplotypes, H3H7 had the greatest PEW and H2H2 had the greatest PBM, and those with diplotype H7H7 had the smallest PEW and PBM. We conclude that PLIN1 gene polymorphisms may affect broiler carcass and breast muscle yields, and diplotypes H3H7 and H2H2 could be positive molecular markers to enhance PEW and PBM in chickens.

중학생에서 사상성격검사(SPQ)의 생리심리적 타당화 연구 (Biopsychological Validation of the Sasang Personality Questionnaire in Middle School Students)

  • 이수진;윤보미;최영준;최유진;윤여진;황보경;채한
    • 사상체질의학회지
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    • 제28권3호
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    • pp.246-257
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    • 2016
  • Objectives The Sasang Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) measures the Yin-Yang temperament of Sasang typology with proven structural and clinical validity in adults, however it was not examined with teenagers. The purpose of this study was to validate the biopsychological structure of SPQ in middle school students.Methods 681 Korean high school students (356 boys and 325 girls) completed SPQ, Junior version of Temperament and Character Inventory (JTCI), and height and weight measures. The correlation between SPQ and JTCI subscales were examined, and the differences of SPQ and JTCI subscales, Body Mass Index (BMI) and Pondera Index (PI) among high (30%), middle (40%), and low (30%) SPQ total score groups were investigated with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The profile analysis was also performed to compare JTCI subscale profiles of three SPQ total score groups.Results The SPQ score was significantly (p<0.001) correlated positively with JTCI Novelty-Seeking and negatively with JTCI Harm-Avoidance. The JTCI Novelty-Seeking score of high SPQ group was significantly (p<0.001) higher than that of low SPQ group, and the JTCI Harm-Avoidance score of low SPQ group was significantly higher than that of high SPQ group. The JTCI subscale profiles for three SPQ groups were significantly different for boys and girls. Significant correlations or differences for the PI and BMI among SPQ groups were not found.Conclusions This study presented that the biopsychological structure of SPQ is robust as shown in adults. The SPQ would be a useful clinical measures of Sasang typology in pediatric patients.

월경통 환자에 대한 한방진단시스템의 진단일치도 연구 (A Study for Diagnostic Correspondent Rates between DSOM and Korean Medical Doctors' Diagnosis about Menstrual Pain)

  • 이인선;조혜숙;지규용;이용태;김종원;전수형;김경민;김경철;김규곤
    • 대한한방부인과학회지
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    • 제28권3호
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 2015
  • Objectives Diagnosis System of Oriental Medicine (DSOM) was made as a computerized assistant program for oriental medicine doctors to be able to diagnose with statistical basis. Then DSOM uses questionnaires filled out by respondents with explanatory guide. But if the respondents misunderstand the meaning of the passages, the results were quite the opposite. Methods This study was designed to investigate the diagnostic correspondent rates between DSOM and TKM practitioners. First, let the respondents answer to DSOM. After that, three doctors diagnosed the respondents and marked 'p' when they diagnose that the respondent had the pathogenic factors, marked 'n' when they diagnose that the respondent had the pathogenic factors but not severs, and did not marked when they diagnose that the respondent didn't have the pathogenic factors. Finally, this study was investigated the correspondent rates of diagnosis between DSOM and doctors. Results In the pathogenic factor of three including insufficiency of Yin (陰虛), the correspondent rates were 90%. In the pathogenic factor of nine including deficiency of qi (氣虛), the correspondent rates were 80%. In the pathogenic factor of four including blood stasis (血瘀), the correspondent rates were 70%. In HH and HL, they showed the correspondent rates of 61.77%. The correspondent rate of heat (熱) was highest (96.88%). The correspondent rate of insufficiency of Yang (陽虛) was lowest (0%). In LH and LL, they showed the correspondent rates of 88.31%. The correspondent rate of blood stasis (血瘀) was lowest (71.76%). They all showed the correspondent rates of over 70%. Conclusions In DSOM and Doctors' diagnose, they showed the correspondent rates of 83.60%.